Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SALICYLAMIDE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic studies of salicylic acid derivatives. II. Comparison of 2-hydroxy- and 2,4- and 2,5-dihydroxy derivatives.

The 2,4- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzamides (8, 9) were synthesized from their corresponding methyl esters. The structures and the spectral properties of investigated salicylic acid (1), 2,4- and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acids (2, 3), their methyl esters (4-6) and amides (7-9) were analyzed by means of FT-IR and one- and two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Comparison of FT-IR and NMR spectral data of investigated compounds showed that the spectral characteristics of 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid derivatives are more similar to those of 2-hydroxy benzoic acid (salicylic acid) derivatives than to those of 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid derivatives. The results suggest that the spatial orientation of amide protons in 2,4-dihydroxy benzamide resembles more that in salicylamide than that in 2,5-dihydroxy benzamide.

Benzamides↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of some nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs on Fenton-reaction initiated degradation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose].

The authors examined the possible interactions of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with hydroxyl radicals by means of the test based on degradation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose initiated by hydroxyl radicals. The method is based on spectrophotometric measurement of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive carbonyl compounds that are formed in the degradation reaction of 2-deoxy-D-ribose by hydroxyl radicals (HO*) generated in the Fenton-reaction between iron(II)-ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The authors studied the degradation-inhibitory effect of phenacetin, paracetamol (acetaminophen), indomethacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, salicylic acid and salicylamide used in 100 microM and 200 microM concentrations, in the present or without addition of EDTA. In the short term (10 minute) studies paracetamol and salicylic acid proved to show the most effective degradation inhibitory effect. In the longer-time (120 minute) studies after the early inhibitory effect of paracetamol, indometacine and salicylic acid, an increase of the TBA-reactive compounds could be observed.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a method for determination of caffeine in diuretic tablets and capsules by high-performance thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates with a concentration zone using manual spotting and ultraviolet absorption densitometry.

A new quantitative method using silica gel high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates with channels and a concentration zone, manual application of standards and samples, development with methanol-ethyl acetate (15 + 85) mobile phase, and ultraviolet absorption densitometry is reported for the determination of caffeine in diuretic pharmaceutical preparations. Tablet and capsule products containing potassium salicylate, acetaminophen, and salicylamide as active ingredients were analyzed to test the applicability of the new method, and precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, and selectivity were validated. The milligrams of caffeine in each tablet ranged from 48.0 to 51.0, and the milligrams in each capsule from 37.9 to 40.3. Within-day precision was 1.48 and 1.78% (n=6), and interday precision 0.723 and 1.26% (n=5) for analysis of 2 tablets and 2 capsules, respectively. Accuracy validation of the tablet and capsule results produced errors of 1.0 and 1.9% for spiked blank analyses and 2.6 and 3.5% for standard addition analyses, respectively. A comparative study using a caffeine standard solution and a multicomponent analgesic tablet solution containing caffeine, acetaminophen, and acetylsalicylic acid showed that manual application on the concentration zone, instrumental application on the concentration zone, and instrumental application on the silica gel gave quite similar results in terms of number of theoretical plates, resolution, limit of detection, and linearity.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2006

[Effect of some non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and isomeric dihydroxy benzoic acids on the AAPH initiated degradation of crocin].

The authors examined the possible peroxyl radical scavanger effect of some non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and isomeric dihidroxy benzoic acids by means of the test based on 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-initiated degradation of crocin. The method is based on spectrophotometric determination of crocin, of which rate of AAPH-initiated degradation can be decreased in the presence of antioxidants with peroxyl radical scavanger activity. The authors studied the crocin degradation-inhibitory effect of phenacetin, paracetamol (acetaminophen), indomethacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, salicylic acid, salicylamide as well as the 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-dihydroxy substituted benzoic acids in 200 microM concentration. In the 60 minute studies the 2,3-, 2,5- and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acids proved to show the most effective degradation inhibitory effect. The results draw attention to the different antioxidant activity of salicylic acid and its hydroxylated metabolites (2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acids) formed under physiological conditions.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis and evaluation of the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-diaminoalkanes.

The analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of some N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-diaminoalkanes 3 a-l were studied. The compounds were prepared very conveniently by fusion of phenyl salicylate 2 and diaminoalkanes 1 a-l. The pharmacological activities were influenced by the number of carbon atoms in the polimethylenic chain. Some derivatives were more effective and less gastrolesive than salicylamide.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

[Value of the intracutaneous skin test in analgesic intolerance in comparison with oral provocation].

A total of 24 patients showing predominantly urticarial and/or anaphylactic reactions to analgesics were exposed to the suspicious agents by means of skin testing and oral provocation. Only two patients, who had already shown mild anaphylactic symptoms during the skin test, were excluded from the oral provocation test. In 19 out of 24 cases, the presumed intolerance of analgesics could be confirmed by oral provocations, i.e., the rate of accuracy was 79%. Five patients tolerated the usual therapeutic single doses of previously suspicious agents, although 3 of them had shown positive skin tests. Two patients failed to show suspicious symptoms in both skin and oral provocation test. 14 patients reacted to propyphenazone, 6 patients to metamizole, and one patient each additionally to salicylamide or phenylbutazone. In the majority of the cases, parallel skin tests with all test agents were performed, using both aqueous suspension and the so-called serum linkage. Principally, both procedures proved equally good. In our patients, the skin tests (prick and intracutaneous test) were only reliable regarding the demonstration of propyphenazone allergy. 16 out of 19 patients showed the same reactions to both skin test and oral provocation (84%); in 3 cases, however, the skin tests to propyphenazone were false positive. The rate of accuracy in the metamizole skin test was 45%. With regard to the remaining suspicious agents, only 2 out of 6 positive skin tests were confirmed by oral provocation. In total, the numbers of true positive and false positive skin tests were almost equal. Thus, the demonstration of analgesic intolerance by history and skin test was only possible with a probability rate of 50%. By oral provocation, however, analgesic intolerance could be proved in almost 80% of the cases. Regarding the remaining 5 patients, we must assume that they were devoid of true analgesic allergy in spite of partly positive skin tests and apparently confirmative history.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

A pilot trial of labetalol (AH 5158A): a combined alpha and beta blocker in treatment of hypertension.

Labetalol (5-1 hydroxy-2 (1-methyl-3 phenyl amino salicylamide hydrochloride)) is a new antihypertensive agent having partial alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking properties. Nine patients with mild, moderate or severe hypertension have been given this drug over periods ranging from 6-29 weeks. Labetalol was given as replacement for a beta-blocking drug providing less than satisfactory control. Adequate control of blood pressure was achieved in all nine patients. The only side-effect of note was postural hypotension which necessitated withdrawal of the drug in one patient.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1987

Improved liquid-chromatographic assay of labetalol in plasma.

This is an assay for labetalol in plasma by "high-performance" liquid chromatography, with 5-(2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]) salicylamide hemihydrate as the internal standard. Plasma samples (500 microL) are extracted with acetonitrile, evaporated under nitrogen, reconstituted in the mobile phase, and injected onto a PRP-1 (Hamilton) column packed with particles of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymer. Fluorescence, enhanced by post-column introduction of NH4OH, was measured in the effluent (excitation wavelength 340 nm, emission wavelength 418 nm). Retention times for labetalol and the internal standard were 1.99 and 3.32 min, respectively. Inter- and intraday CVs for high and low concentrations of the drug were less than 7.5%. The assay standard curve is linear from 1 to 250 micrograms/L. Some commonly co-administered drugs were tested and did not interfere.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1985

Phenol sulphotransferase: purification and characterization of the rat kidney and stomach enzymes.

3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate-dependent enzymes that catalyse sulphation of p-nitrophenol have been purified from rat kidney and stomach mucosa by affinity chromatography on the p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid-agarose conjugate, by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The phenol sulphotransferase (PST) from rat kidney had Mr of 69 000 and that of the stomach enzyme was 32 000. With p-nitrophenol as the sulphate acceptor, the pH optima were 6.4 for the stomach PST and 5.4 and 6.6 for the kidney enzyme. Both enzymes were inhibited by 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol and phenylglyoxal, an arginine specific modifying reagent. Both enzymes readily sulphated p-nitrophenol, 2-naphthol, 1-naphthol and salicylamide and did not act on biogenic amines (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), acid metabolites of catecholamines (e.g. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid), and O-methylated metabolites of catecholamines. Only the stomach enzyme sulphated such catecholamine metabolites as homovanillic alcohol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. In contrast to the brain enzyme, but similarly to the liver enzyme, the kidney and stomach phenol sulphotransferases appear to sulphate exogenous phenolic substrates in preference to potential endogenous substrates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of acetaminophen in multicomponent analgesic tablets.

A simple, rapid LC method is presented for the separation and determination of acetaminophen in analgesic preparations containing up to 6 additional active components. The method uses a C18 reverse phase column, methanol-0.75% acetic acid (1 + 3) mobile phase, and photometric detection in the ultraviolet region. Acetaminophen was effectively separated from chlorpheniramine maleate, phenylephrine hydrochloride, caffeine, salicylamide, aspirin, and phenacetin, as well as from salicylic acid, a degradation product of aspirin. Typical chromatograms of the separation of acetaminophen from the above compounds in synthetic mixture and in commercial multicomponent analgesic preparations are presented, along with reproducibility and recovery data.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Syndrome due to acetylsalicylic acid intolerance. What should be prescribed as substitutes for aspirin?].

In the daily practice of allergology, one of our commonest problems concerns the prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for our patients who are intolerant of acetylsalicylic acid, whose basic clinical expression of this intolerance is primary bronchial asthma. Our problem is the high frequency with which the syndrome appears after the administration of other analgesics chemically unrelated to acetylsalicylic acid. Most authors accept that derivatives of pyrazolones and indoles, and of phenylisopropionic and anthranilic acids must be avoided. This avoidance is based on collected clinical experience and the currently accepted hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of the syndrome (pyrazolones, indoles, etc. are inhibitors of the byosynthesis of the E series of prostaglandins, particularly PG synthetase). On the other hand there is no agreement concerning what type of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics we should prescribe for these patients. The conclusions of the protocol which we carried out are as follows. Dextropropoxyphene chlorhydrate, diviminol, tilidine chlorhydrate, salicylamide, benzidamine, pentazocine, isonixine, hyoscine bromide and ergotamine tartrate can be prescribed safely for these patients in the usual therapeutic dosage. To the list of prohibitions should be added the derivatives of glaphenine and phenylacetic acid. As regards paracetamol, our opinion is that its use should be restricted to those cases in which the previously listed drugs cannot be substituted for it, and always after administration under medical supervision in a hospital setting.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1980

Spectrophotometric screening method for acetaminophen in serum and plasma.

We describe a simple, economical procedure for rapidly detecting acetaminophen in serum or plasma. The method is based upon the reduction by the drug of ferric 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, at an acidic pH, to ferrous 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine complex, which absorbs maximally at 593 nm. Absorbance and acetaminophen concentration are linearly related from 25 to 400 mg/L, and so therapeutic and toxic concentrations can be measured. The method is accurate; day-to-day CV's for two pooled control specimens (103 and 227 mg/L) were 4.4 and 6.6%. Correlation studies, with an established nitration method and with the free-radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl dye method, showed correlation coefficients of 0.985 and 0.915, respectively. Of 25 commonly used drugs tested, only levodopa, oxyphenylbutazone, and phenylephrine interfere significantly. Interference from salicylate, salicylamide, and phenylbutazone was insignificant.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1995

Selective adverse reactions to diflunisal.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diflunisal is a difluorophenyl derivative of salicylic acid. We report two patients who presented immediate adverse reactions to diflunisal (Dolobid) that consisted of generalized urticaria and chest tightness. METHODS: Diflunisal was conjugated to human serum albumin in order to perform in vivo and in vitro tests (skin prick and intradermal tests, leukocyte histamine release, and RAST). The patients were challenged following a single-blind, placebo-controlled oral procedure with diflunisal and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. RESULTS: Skin tests with diflunisal were negative as were leukocyte histamine release tests and RAST in both patients. They tolerated therapeutic doses of aspirin, salsalate, salicylamide, lysine acetylsalicylate, acetaminophen, dipyrone, and propyfenazone. The oral provocation with diflunisal elicited an immediate response at the cumulative dose of 400 mg in both patients. CONCLUSION: These are two exceptional cases of selective adverse reactions to diflunisal with good tolerance to other salicylates and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Thus, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase does not seem to be the mechanism involved. The pathogenic mechanism implicated in the reaction remains unclear, both idiosyncratic and immunologic mechanisms could explain our patients' adverse responses.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Potassium hydroxide solution 10% for the fast hydrolysis of esters for analysis.

The applicability of a five-minute hydrolysis method with 10% potassium hydroxide in an alcohol-water (80-20) mixture was investigated for the quantitative determination of certain esters (aspirin, benzocaine, benzyl benzoate, methyl paraben, phenyl salicylate, procaine hydrochloride, propyl paraben, salicylanilide and 0-salicylsalicylic acid) and salicylamide. The results indicate that the method is satisfactory for all but methyl paraben and propyl paraben.

Benzocaine↗
PubMed1977

The use of borohydrides of alkaline metals in the volumetric analysis of medicaments.

The possibility and conditions of determination of weak acid type medicaments were examined, using aqueous and non-aqueous sodium borohydride volumetric solutions. The process and control of titration were carried out potentiometrically and visually using acido-basic indicators. It was shown that for practical applications sodium borohydride aqueous solutions are more suitable. Analytical methods of determination for medicaments from the group of sulphonamides and barbiturates and their sodium salts, for phenylbutazone and kebuzone, salicylamide, nalidixic acid and theophylline were elaborated. All results were in good agreement with methods used in CsL 3, or other alternative methods. The advantages of the proposed method are good stability of sodium borohydride volumetric solution and insensitivity of titrated systems to CO2 from the atmosphere, which is unavoidable with alkalimetric titrations in aqueous and non-aqueous systems. An hypothesis has been suggested to explain the probable reactive mechanism of determination, supported by results obtained with the proposed analytical methods using a medium of suitable organic solvents with a maximum content of ca. 15% water near the final point of titration.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1976

The in-vitro adsorption of some antirheumatics on antacids.

The adsorption of sodium salicylate, salicylamide, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, phenazone, aminophenazone, indometacin and methiazinic acid on some antacids was studied. The antacids used were magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, bismuth oxycarbonate, calcium carbonate and kaolin. Magnesium oxide, followed by aluminium hydroxide and bismuth oxycarbonate showed a fairly high adsorptive capacity for salicylates, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, methiazinic acid, indometacin and to a lesser extent for phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone. On the other hand, magnesium trisilicate exhibited a tendency to adsorb phenazone, aminophenazone, indometacin and methiazinic acid. Kaolin was found to be a good adsorbent for anthranilic acid derivatives, indometacin and methiazinic acid. Calcium carbonate showed a weak adsorptive capacity for all drugs tested. The adsorption of phenylbutazone and salicylates on magnesium oxide, aluminium hydroxide and/or bismuth oxycarbonate obeyed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Elution study showed that salicylates and anthranilic acid derivatives were tenaciously held by magnesium oxide while magnesium trisilicate showed an intermediate retention power for phenazone and aminophenazone. Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution gave, in general, a higher eluting power than hydrochloric acid solution. A marked reduction in the apparent partition coefficients of all drugs tested was observed in the presence of magnesium trisilicate or aluminium hydroxide. Careful in vitro and in vivo testing of drug availability is advisable prior to the concomitant administration of antirheumatics with antacids or other adsorbents.

Adsorption↗