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Results for “Psychosexual Development”

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PubMed1993

Issues unique to psychotherapy with adolescent girls.

New research on development and risk factors has increased our knowledge of adolescent girls and given those of us working with them more available information to aid our understanding of psychotherapy. Advancing social theory has also promoted an understanding of the problems that adolescent girls begin to face including gender discrimination and conflict around social roles. Educated therapists can utilize this information with their adolescent female patients, providing knowledge about choices available to girls and promoting understanding and problem-solving. Growing knowledge about the importance of relationships for this population also informs us about the therapeutic alliance. In summary, therapists working with adolescent girls face many challenges and also have increasing access to information that can aid them with this process.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

Sadomasochism, sexual excitement, and perversion.

Sadomasochism, an ingredient of infantile sexuality, is an essential part of normal sexual functioning and love relations, and of the very nature of sexual excitement. Sadomasochistic elements are also present in all sexual perversions. Sadomasochism starts out as the potential for erotic masochism in both sexes, and represents a very early capacity to link aggression with the libidinal elements of sexual excitement. Sexual excitement may be considered a basic affect that overcomes primitive splitting of love and hatred. Erotic desire is a more mature form of sexual excitement. Psychoanalytic exploration makes it possible to uncover the unconscious components of sexual excitement: wishes for symbiotic fusion and for aggressive penetration and intermingling; bisexual identifications; the desire to transgress oedipal prohibitions and the secretiveness of the primal scene, and to violate the boundaries of a teasing and withholding object. The relation between these wishes and the development of erotic idealization processes in both sexes is explored in the context of a critical review of the pertinent psychoanalytic literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The continuity of conflict and compromise formation from infancy to adulthood: a twenty-five-year follow-up study.

This paper reports on one of fifteen subjects from the Mahler separation-individualization project who have participated in a twenty-five-year follow-up study. The focus is on the beginning transfer of interpersonal conflict to intrapsychic conflict and compromise formation early in the second year of life, and on the course and persistence of these into adulthood. Conflict and compromise, along with constitutional and environmental factors, were major determinants of the subject's personality and a major source of continuity in personality development from one-and-a-half to twenty-five years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Preliminary study of early sexual abuse].

The long term effects of sexual abuse are often measured by measuring behaviours such as social adjustment, job stability and marriage. This study was conducted to add to these internal measures. Using a semi-prospective instrument adapted from G. Kelly's repertory grid, the adolescents' perceptions of themselves and significant others are measured. Three hundred and twelve female adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 (average age = 16) participated in the study; 79 presented with non sexual behaviour disorders (delinquency, stealing, etc.), 56 presented with serious sexual behaviour disorders (prostitution, persistent sexual promiscuity) and 177 presented with no problems requiring psychosocial intervention. Various analyses (descriptive, multiple variance, regression analysis) showed that sexual abuse significantly affects many of the adolescents' perceptions. Sexually abused adolescents perceived their two real parents as less competent and their ideal mother and father as less protective than adolescents who had not been abused. In contrast, their perception of self and the ideal self was not affected by the sexual abuse, a finding which will spark discussion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Child sexual abuse: origins, dynamics, and treatment.

This article is intended as an overview of the current literature on child sexual abuse. There are some patterns of psychopathology seen in both the abused and the abusers that warrant further scrutiny. The presence of narcissistic pathology in both groups is interesting, particularly in light of the generationality of child sexual abuse. This finding raises the issue of the nature of psychic injury incurred by some of the victims and places it at the level of early self development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A psychoanalytic study of eating disorders: I. A developmental profile of 67 index cases.

Much has been written in both the professional literature and lay press regarding the sociocultural basis for the current increase in eating disorders. The typical victims of these afflictions appear to be intelligent adolescent girls from middle and upper class families (Garfinkel and Garner, 1982). Although the general pressure for thinness, mastery, and achievement among women in our culture undoubtedly help shape the course of illness, these social mores do not appear to be its root causes. The data presented here suggest strongly that the truly eating-disordered individual has a history of disturbances in early relationships, leading to a lack of security and pronounced difficulties in trusting others, and in simply being an authentic individual in the presence of others. As such these individuals share many characteristics of others with severe personality disorders such as inner emptiness, problems with identity, fear of abandonment, and peer relationships (Clarkin et al., in press), but differ in the expression of these basic defects or in solutions found to compensate pathologically for these core deficiencies. Therefore, although contemporary cultural ideals and values may supply the shape of the disorder, these individuals would have fared badly in any social climate although their presentation of illness may have differed (Bemporad et al., 1988). It is this profound underlying personality pathology that necessitates prolonged treatment for any hope of amelioration. Later reports will address this indication with a description of the results of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The impact of incest on identity formation in women.

In conclusion, the purpose of this paper was to elucidate some of the long-term impacts of the incest trauma on women. This includes its impact on identity formation. The process of idealization and the creation of an idealized image as a defensive and adaptive strategy to cope with overwhelming trauma was highlighted. This initially successful coping mechanism later causes problems in limiting the individual's self-perception and restricting her relationships with others. This is frequently manifested in problems that the adult survivor presents in regard to interpersonal relationships, as well as revictimization and an inhibition in identifying and expressing certain aspects of herself. The goal of treatment is therefore twofold. I am in agreement with Alpert (1991), van der Kolk (1987), and others who stress the importance of the validation and integration of the trauma and related affects through the recovery and reliving of past memories. Additionally, an analysis of the character structure that the person developed to cope with overwhelming and damaging experiences is essential. The achievement of a more cohesive, integrated sense of self for an adult survivor of incest can only be accomplished through the working through of past traumas and the understanding of its effect on identity development and character structure. This aspect of the treatment process was best expressed by one of my patients, who said, "the first part of my analysis dealt with remembering and reliving what happened to me, the second part is dealing with who I had to become and not become as a result of it." She later added that she felt the second part is even more difficult and challenging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A late sex reassignment in 5-alpha reductase deficiency: case report.

The syndrome of male pseudohermaphroditism, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, results in a selective decrease in dihyrotestosterone. Culture is an important part of the context in which decisions are made on sex assignment of patients with abnormalities of the external genitalia. In Turkey, patients with ambiguious genitalia are diagnosed very late and corrective surgery is usually performed during or after puberty. Here we present a case with 5-alpha reductase deficiency who was diagnosed at puberty and followed-up for 10 years.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

A dream of the red shoes: separation conflict in the phallic-narcissistic phase.

A case is described in which a patient's dream of red shoes stimulated associations to the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale of The Red Shoes, and the movie of the same name. Analysis of the dream provided valuable insight into the structure and evolution of her neurotic conflicts. At the same time, the symbolic significance of The Red Shoes to this patient helped to clarify one of the meanings of the fairy tale. The interplay of these elements, dream and cultural daydream, within the context of the transference, focused on conflicts in the phallic-narcissistic phase of development, with particular emphasis on separation.

Adult↗