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PubMed1997

Designing manufacturing and the clinic application of the prosthesis for the patients with large ocular defects.

PURPOSE: To design and manufacture the prosthesis of external type for patients with ocular large defects. METHODS: Silicon and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were chosen the chief materials: The main procedures are: taking the impression, color mixture, making primitive form of the prosthesis, modification and fixation. RESULTS: Fifty patients with large ocular defects took the prosthesis, the cosmetic results are satisfactory. All the patients give satisfactory comments on the 5 main indexes: color 90%, stereo-feeling 100%, peripheral difference 86%, fidelity 98% and fixation 86%. CONCLUSIONS: To make ocular prosthesis, materials with good quality and complicated technology are needed. The prosthesis made by silicon combined with PMMA show good results. Among the procedures of making prosthesis, color mixture and fixation are the most important.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorimetric analysis of silicone cosmetic prostheses for upper-limb amputees.

Every year the Italian National Insurance Institute of Accidents on Work (INAIL) Prosthesis Centre manufactures more than 300 silicone cosmetic upper-limb prostheses that are aesthetically similar to patients' missing limbs; however, the prostheses have the following drawbacks: subjectivity in color choice, high production costs, and long time frames for patient tests and prosthesis production. In an attempt to minimize these factors, we performed a study to test various systems that automatically detect the color of human skin. Such a system would allow us to reproduce a patient's exact skin color for silicone cosmetic prostheses. We analyzed the color identification systems available on the market and assessed the possibility of introducing such a system into the production cycle of the prostheses. We found that because of intrinsic factors of the materials, automatic color detection for prosthesis production is complex. Therefore, any of the systems we tested will require further development for full satisfaction of the needs of prostheses manufacturers.

Amputees↗
PubMed1992

A shade guide for acrylic resin facial prostheses.

The value and success of a well-fitting and anatomically correct prosthesis are compromised if the color does not match the adjoining tissue. Color and color science are reviewed to help develop a simplified acrylic resin shade guide to aid in fabricating acrylic resin facial prostheses. This guide will help the clinician obtain a good intrinsic shade and minimize extrinsic coloration.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1989

[Usefulness of the Doppler color technic in the diagnosis of thrombosis in a mitral valve mechanical prosthesis and in the monitoring of the results of thrombolytic therapy].

We report the usefulness of Doppler color echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up in a case of thrombosis of a prosthetic mitral valve. The patient received thrombolytic therapy for this disorder and a favorable clinical outcome was observed. Integrated echocardiographic techniques (M-Mode, cross-sectional, continuous-wave, pulsed-Doppler and color Doppler) could increase the amount of diagnostic information in these situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Color characterization of denture base material.

The time taken to create a more natural prosthesis by twisting a tooth, carving wax and applying a few basic colors can make a world of difference for patients wearing dental prosthesis. The technician can achieve a natural resemblance of tissue coloration in the oral cavity when these procedures are applied.

Dental Prosthesis Design↗
PubMed1999

Color stability and colorant effect on maxillofacial elastomers. Part I: colorant effect on physical properties.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The average clinical life span of a maxillofacial prosthesis is approximately 6 months, at which point it needs to be refabricated, mainly because of degradation of the color and physical properties of the prosthesis. PURPOSE: This first part of a 3-part study evaluated the effect of coloring agents on the physical properties of maxillofacial elastomers. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Five dumbbell-shaped and 5 trouser-shaped specimens were fabricated for each of the combinations of the 3 elastomers (Silastic medical adhesive type A, Silastic 4-4210, and Silicone A-2186) and 6 colorants (dry earth pigments, rayon fiber flocking, artist's oil paints, kaolin, liquid cosmetics, and no-colorants), for a total of 180 specimens. Evaluations of hardness and tear strength were made with the trouser-shaped specimens. Evaluations of the ultimate tensile strength and the percentage elongation were made with the dumbbell-shaped specimens. A within elastomer analysis compared the 6 colorants using a 1-way analysis of variance for each of the 4 physical properties. When significant differences were observed, the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test was used to identify differences between groups at a significance level of.05. RESULTS: Physical properties of maxillofacial elastomers were changed by the incorporation of coloring agents. Dry earth pigments, kaolin, and rayon flocking acted as a solid filler without bonding to the Silicone, and artists' oils and liquid cosmetics acted as a liquid phase without bonding to the silicone matrix. CONCLUSION: No clearly superior colorant-elastomer combination was demonstrated in all the tests in this study.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Two-dimensional echocardiographic and color flow Doppler evaluation of ductal occlusion with the Rashkind prosthesis.

To evaluate the results of ductal occlusion with the Rashkind prosthesis, 78 children (group 1, 19 boys and 59 girls; mean age at occlusion, 4.5 +/- 4.0 years) with isolated patent ductus arteriosus (n = 73) or in association with other lesions (n = 5) were evaluated by pulsed and color flow Doppler 9 +/- 7 months (range, 2-26 months) after occlusion. Thirty children who had undergone patent ductus arteriosus ligation (group 2, 9 boys and 21 girls; mean age at study, 5.7 +/- 4.9 years; mean follow-up after ligation, 44 +/- 58 months) were evaluated in the same way. The prevalence of residual ductal shunting and the main pulmonary arterial flow patterns were recorded. Residual ductal shunting in group 1 was 38% on day 1, decreasing slowly to 31% at 3 months, 27% at 6 months, and 19.7% at 1 year or more due to further spontaneous shunt resolution. The residual shunting rate in group 2 (6%) was significantly lower than that at 1 year or more in group 1 (p less than 0.001). Successful reocclusion in 5 of 6 in a subset of patients in group 1 followed for 1 year or less reduced further the prevalence of residual shunting. Residual shunting after patent ductus arteriosus occlusion is more common than after ligation, but continues to decrease during follow-up.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

[The complex facial prosthesis. The value of bone-anchored maxillofacial prostheses in the treatment of extensive loss of facial tissue].

Maxillofacial surgeons are more and more confronted with wide defects of the face, particularly after resection of facial cancer. Complex wounds of the face, whatever the etiology may be, poses the difficult problem of their rehabilitation. The surgical reconstruction offers usually the most interesting solutions on the conceptual and morphological stages. There remain some particular cases where the therapeutic choice tends towards the rehabilitation by epitheses. The improvement of texture and color of epitheses and the improvement of the possibilities of their osseous anchorage by implants (endo-osseous or juxta-osseous) permit to reconstruct that kind of complex facial wounds with restoration of oral function and with a good morphologic result.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Influence of jet impingement on color Doppler parameters of aortic regurgitation.

In vitro studies have demonstrated that the characteristics of a color Doppler jet are influenced by a number of factors including jet eccentricity and jet impingement. To explore the relationship of a jet impingement and aortic regurgitant color Doppler jet parameters, jet area, width, and length were measured from apical echocardiographic views of 84 patients 4 +/- 11 days prior to catheterization and compared to angiographic grade. An impinging color jet contacted the interventricular septum or mitral valve beneath the aortic valve in the imaging plane and a nonimpinging jet did not contact the septum or mitral valve in the imaging plane. As expected, the percentage of patients with impinging jets increased with aortic regurgitation angiographic grade. Neither left ventricular chamber dimensions nor the presence of an aortic prosthesis significantly influenced the color Doppler variables. For a given angiographic grade of aortic regurgitation, impinging jets were associated with larger color Doppler jet widths (P less than 0.05) and areas (P = 0.001) than nonimpinging jets. The color Doppler area and length increased significantly with angiographic grade for nonimpinging jets (P less than 0.05) but not for impinging jets. Impinging jets are associated with larger color Doppler widths and areas than nonimpinging jets for a given grade of aortic regurgitation, possibly because of the effect of jet deflection toward an adjacent wall. Jet impinging should be considered when using color Doppler techniques to evaluate aortic regurgitation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Color stability and colorant effect on maxillofacial elastomers. Part II: weathering effect on physical properties.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The clinical life of a maxillofacial prosthesis averages about 6 months, before it needs to be refabricated. Degradation of the color and physical properties of the prosthesis are the principle reasons for replacement. PURPOSE: This second part of a 3-part in vitro investigation evaluated the change in physical properties of popular colorant-elastomer combinations as a result of weather exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen dumbbell-shaped and 15 trouser-shaped specimens were fabricated for each of the 3 elastomers (Silastic medical adhesive type A, Silastic 4-4210, and Silicone A-2186) and 6 colorant combinations (dry earth pigments, rayon fiber flocking, artist's oil paints, kaolin, liquid cosmetics, and no-colorants) for a total of 540 specimens. The 15 dumbbell-shaped and trouser-shaped specimens of each elastomer colorant combination were separated into 5 of each shape among 3 test condition groups (control, time passage, and natural weathering). Control specimens were evaluated within 1 month of fabrication. The time passage group was sealed in glass containers and kept in the dark for 6 months before testing. The natural-weathering groups were placed on the roof of the dental school for 6 months and exposed to sunlight and weathering. Evaluations of hardness and tear strength were made on trouser-shaped specimens, and evaluations of the ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation on dumbbell-shaped specimens. Physical property data for each elastomer-colorant combination were subjected to a 1-way analysis of variance to examine effects among the test conditions. When significant differences were observed, the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test was performed to identify differences in elastomer-colorant combinations among each test condition at a significance level of .05. RESULTS: Exposure to weathering and time changes of the physical properties of many colorant-elastomer combinations indicated that properties of a clinical prosthesis can change with time. CONCLUSION: The addition of colorants to the silicones altered the effects of weathering. In addition, the silicones were not as stable as previously assumed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Skin response to cobalt 60 irradiation and the consequences for matching the color of facial prostheses.

A radiotherapy treatment (60Co) of cancer in the head and neck region causes side effects in the skin that postpone the facial prosthetic treatment. The increasing and fading erythema and pigmentation of the skin was investigated with the use of a subtractive colorimeter. This method was verified with photographs scored according to the Oxford scoring system. Fourteen patients were investigated during a period of 24 weeks. The mean colorimetric skin response showed a peak 6 weeks after the onset of irradiation. Six to 7 weeks later, there was no significant difference between the skin color before and after irradiation. At this time the dry desquamation of the skin is healed. From this viewpoint, the color matching procedure for a facial prosthesis may start not earlier than 15 weeks from the onset of irradiation. If a nonirradiated control field in the facial region is present, a color match for the facial prosthesis can be started just after the irradiation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Stentless porcine bioprostheses for all types of aortic root pathology.

OBJECTIVE: Conventional biological and mechanical prostheses have important limitations with regard to their results concerning thrombosis, hemorrhage and long-term durability. Aortic valve replacement with stentless devices results in superior hemodynamic function because obstructing stents and sewing rims are avoided. In addition, no anticoagulation therapy is needed. METHODS: From 1 June 1991 until 31 May 1996, 235 patients received aortic valve replacement with stentless aortic porcine bioprostheses. Patients' ages ranged from 24 to 88 years (mean 64 years). In 21.3% of all patients, concomitant procedures were performed. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and mitral valve surgical therapy were the most frequent ones (31 and 12 cases, respectively). Implanted valve sizes ranged from 21 to 29 mm in diameter. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients received a subcoronary implantation with the lower row performed with interrupted stitches and the upper row with a continuous suture. In 99 cases we performed the inclusion cylinder technique, also with lower interrupted sutures and running upper sutures after adaptation of the coronary ostia into the graft. In the group with small aortic roots, the total root replacement technique (n = 14) was used. Mortality at 30 days was 4.7% (11/235). Echocardiography at discharge postoperatively revealed a mean gradient across the prosthesis of 6 mm Hg. Color Doppler suggested no or trivial regurgitation in 93% of all examined patients and mild regurgitation without clinical symptoms in 7%. Up to now, 98.2% of all discharged patients have been free of valve-related reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: With implantation of stentless bioprostheses, an improved hemodynamic function will be obtained. Almost every aortic root pathology can be safely treated with any of the techniques described. The short and intermediate results seem to be at least equal to any other prostheses or treatment methods. The long-term performance of these devices is still under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Normally functioning mitral prosthesis: visualization and characterization of the trans-valvular flow using color-coded Doppler].

Color flow imaging (CFI) allows real time visualization of intracardiac and transvalvular blood flow, superimposed on two-dimensional echocardiographic images. Therefore it can be useful in the identification and characterization of spatial configuration of jets through valve prosthesis. The aim of this study was to define the transvalvular flow pattern of jet in 54 patients (pts) with mitral valve prosthesis which were functioning well. Thirty-six of these pts were females and 18 males; their ages ranged from 40 to 73 years, mean age: 58. Prosthetic mitral inflow was evaluated utilizing the parasternal long axis, apical long axis and apical 4 chamber views; in addition ("off axis") intermediate sections were used when needed. Adequate CFI for detailed frame by frame analysis was obtained in 50 pts (92%). Fourteen pts had biological prosthesis (9 Hancock, 4 Carpentier-Edwards, 1 Ionescu-Shiley). Thirty-six pts had mechanical prosthesis: 13 Björk-Shiley, 8 Starr-Edwards, 9 Sorin, 5 Lillehey-Kaster, 1 Smeloff-Cutter. Variable jet configurations were identified, which were related to the type of prosthetic valve. Bioprosthetic valve characteristically had a wide, homogeneous transvalvular flow, directed towards the interventricular septum. Björk-Shiley prosthesis presented typically a jet with two components. Trans-prosthetic flow was dependent on the spatial position of the prosthesis and on the orientation of the tilting disc. Thus, the main jet, coming from the major orifice, could be directed towards the apex, flowing parallel to the left ventricular postero-lateral wall while the jet coming from the minor orifice was thin and directed towards the interventricular septum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[New aesthetic results with auricular prosthesis: two case reports].

The extrinsic and intrinsic coloration of maxillo-facial silicone elastomers has always been a challenge for the clinician in order to obtain a perfect, durable integration with the surrounding skin tissues. This preliminary report describes the method for obtaining good aestethetic results for maxillo-facial prosthesis. This study shows the aesthetic results of a new silicone for the laboratory technique of creating color of the basis for a maxillo-facial prosthesis, with a good matching with human skin. The technique is useful for the direct extrinsic coloration of the surface onto the skin of the patient by means of the RTV version of the same silicone. The technological properties of this material also make it easy to reproduce the emerging profile of the prosthesis from the human skin, avoiding anaesthetic overcounturings. The 12 month follow-up shows excellent and stable aesthetic results, which are not influenced by home care procedures and by the weathering effect on color and on physical properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Application of the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin to Dacron utilizing textile dyeing technology.

Prosthetic arterial graft infection continues to be a significant and often devastating complication of vascular surgery. The organisms Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) are the primary pathogens causing acute and late graft infections, respectively. The objective of this study was to develop an infection-resistant prosthetic arterial graft by applying the bacteriocidal quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin to polyethylene terepthalate (Dacron) via thermofixation (pad/heat), a new application method founded on established textile procedures. We hypothesize that the limited fibrophilic characteristics of ciprofloxacin will permit binding to Dacron and at the same time allow persistent controlled release over an extended period of time. Using pad/heat technology, 33 micrograms (+/- 2.97 micrograms, n = 12) of ciprofloxacin was successfully bound to a 1-cm2 piece of woven Dacron. A full complement of microbiologic assays demonstrated superior, sustained antistaphylococcal activity of the pad/heat Dacron when compared to Dacron dipped into an equivalent concentration of ciprofloxacin. The sustained antimicrobial efficacy of ciprofloxacin pad/heat-treated Dacron opens new avenues in the development of infection-resistant biomaterials based on an understanding of textile chemistry.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗