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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of a nursing home urinary incontinence management program. DESIGN: A prospective field trial of the program incorporating practice guidelines and principles of continuous quality improvement. SETTING: Five nursing homes in New York, Virginia, and Georgia PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-one residents identified as being incontinent of urine and who met inclusion criteria for ongoing participation in the program. INTERVENTION: Key multidisciplinary staff from the five nursing homes were trained in the program and assumed responsibility for implementing it in their facilities. The program consisted of a clinical assessment, toileting protocols, and the addition of the antimuscarinic drug tolterodine in selected residents who did not respond well to toileting alone. Data on dryness rates during the 60-day toileting protocols, collected by nursing home staff, were analyzed on a weekly basis by an overall project coordinator who sent data back to the nursing homes in an easy-to-read graphical format. MEASURES: (1) The dryness rate, defined as the number of times the resident was dry divided by the number of times the resident was checked (every 2 hours from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.); and (2) adverse events (eg, dry mouth, increased confusion, need for dosage reduction). RESULTS: Of 645 residents in the 5 nursing homes, 377 (58%) were identified as incontinent of urine, of whom 151 (40%) were placed on an ongoing toileting program. Of these 151 residents, 48 (32%) were prescribed tolterodine, and 117 (78%) completed the 60-day trial. The initial dryness rate was 57%, and for the group as a whole remained essentially unchanged (increase in dryness 1%, P = 0.50). Among 50 clinically stable residents on a toileting program alone, the increase in the dryness rate was 16% (P = 0.001), and for 31 clinically stable residents prescribed tolterodine, the increase in the dryness rate was 29% (P = 0.012). Two residents had their dosage of tolterodine reduced because of dry mouth and nausea,one resident was taken off the drug because of increased pain in the back and legs and increased confusion. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this program resulted in significant increases in dryness rates for clinically stable incontinent nursing home residents. These residents represented 22% of the total number of residents identified as incontinent in the five participating nursing homes. Tolterodine was prescribed for approximately one-third of incontinent residents as a supplement to a toileting program, and was well tolerated. Nursing homes should be encouraged to implement similar urinary incontinence programs, target toileting protocols to the most responsive residents, and maintain the program using principles of continuous quality improvement.