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PubMed2000

Commercial predictive testing: the desirability of one overseeing body.

In Europe a process of harmonisation of standards and regulations on genetic testing has started. Public discussion and consultation are recommended, but it is not clear in every European country how the decision making process as regards the further introduction of genetic testing services should be formed. In this paper the usefulness and importance of an overseeing body for genetic screening and testing is founded on four lines of reasoning: (1) analysis of the role of value judgments in the use of the concept of (genetic) abnormality; (2) a balancing of potential benefits for all parties involved; (3) a balancing of potential disadvantages, and (4) the greater availability of commercial genetic tests in the future. It is further argued that such an overseeing body has advantages for all the interested parties.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1998

Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some novel chain-extended phosphoramidate derivatives of d4T (stavudine): esterase hydrolysis as a rapid predictive test for antiviral potency.

Novel chain-extended nucleoside phosphoramidates of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug d4T (stavudine) have been prepared as possible membrane-permeable prodrugs of the bio-active free 5'-monophosphates. Phosphorochloridate chemistry gave the target compounds in moderate to high yields, and all materials were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The compounds are related to the previously reported phenyl methoxyalaninyl derivative of d4T, which was shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV. In this study the amino acid nitrogen and ester moieties were separated by methylene spacers of between two and six carbon atoms. In vitro evaluation of these compounds indicated an almost complete lack of anti-HIV activity, the compounds being several orders of magnitude less potent than the corresponding alpha-amino acid derivatives. The reasons for the virtual lack of anti-HIV activity appear to involve poor enzyme-mediated hydrolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changes in plasma GH levels and clinical activity during bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly. The value of predictive tests.

Twenty-seven patients with active acromegaly despite previous treatment by surgery and/or radiotherapy received bromocriptine in a dose of 10-20 mg daily for a period of 6-9 months. The results of chronic bromocriptine treatment were evaluated by measurement of plasma growth hormone (GH) levels during the day and by subjective and objective criteria of clinical activity. The results of chronic bromocriptine treatment were also compared with four biochemical criteria obtained before treatment e.g. basal plasma prolactin (Prl) levels and the plasma GH response to oral administration of 2.5 mg bromocriptine respectively iv administration of 200 micrograms TRH and 500 micrograms somatostatin. The main observations may be summarized as follows: 1) The mean pre-treatment GH levels during the day ranged from 6-207 mU/1. Hyperprolactinaemia was present in 6 patients. 2) During bromocriptine treatment mean plasma GH levels decreased to less than 50% in 11 patients (GH responders) whereas in 19 patients changes of mean plasma GH and of subjective criteria of clinical activity were concordant. 3) Glucose tolerance improved significantly (P less than 0.01) in 10 GH-responders and the urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in 8 GH-responders. 4) Five out of 6 patients with hyperprolactinaemia belonged to the group of GH-responders. 5) A single dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine induced a more than 50% decrease of plasma GH in 8 of 11 GH-responders and in 5 of 16 GH non-responders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1997

Dental management of Alzheimer patients. A predictive test of dental cooperation in individualized treatment planning.

The aim of the study was to investigate a possible relationship in Alzheimer patients between the stage of dementia, cognitive and functional capacity, and behavior as a dental patient. A special index for assessing behavior in the dental setting was used. The 40 participants were inmates of a nursing home and fulfilled the criteria for Alzheimer's disease in accordance with DSM-III-R. A deficiency in the dental behavior index (DBI) of 50% or less did not correlate with cognitive, functional, or graphic capacity. These subjects were generally aware of earlier regular dental treatment and behaved as if dental visits were familiar to them, although their cognitive, functional, and graphic capacities were more impaired than disclosed by the dental behavior index. A deficiency in the dental behavior index of 50% or more was more correlated with the other capacity assessments. Finding a proper treatment level for an Alzheimer patient is a delicate task in which it is essential to balance awareness of various aspects of impairment and realistic anticipation of benefit. The dental behavior index can be an appropriate instrument in this complex process.

Activities of Daily Living↗