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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Anaerobic bacteremia as observed in a children's hospital. Clinically this may signify true anaerobic sepsis.

To ascertain the significance of anaerobic bacteremia in a children's hospital, the records of all patients whose blood cultures grew anaerobes during a 24-month period were reviewed. Anaerobes were isolated from 144 out of 1,126 blood cultures yielding bacteria. Anaerobic diphtheroid grew in 122 out of 143 anaerobic cultures, but only 4 out of 122 were isolated from patients with anaerobic sepsis. Nine per cent of the total episodes of anaerobic bacteremia occurred in 13 children who met out criteria for anaerobic sepsis; two oor more blood cultures obtained within a three-day period growing anaerobic bacteria, or an aerobe and an anaerobe, in a febrile child or one with an apparent infectious focus. Bacteroides accounted for 7 out of 13 (64 per cent) of the relevant isolates, while anaerobic diphtheroids 4 out of 13 (26 per cent) and anaerobic gram-positive cocci accounted for the remainder 2 out of 13 (18 per cent). Only one infant, with polymicrobial bacteremia, died, suggesting that anaerobic bacteremia is associated with less mortality in children than in adults. Anaerobic sepsis occurred in children who have had recent abdominal surgery, or who are immunosuppressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Bacterial invasion of pulpal dentin wall in vitro.

Instrumented root canals of extracted human teeth were inoculated with known pulpal bacterial isolates. The inoculated teeth were immersed in the appropriate culture media and incubated at 37 degrees C for varying periods. Streptococci multiplied in the root canals and invaded the radicular dentinal tubules. The extent of bacterial invasion was time-dependent. This experimental model of bacterial invasion was time-dependent. This experimental model may be useful in investigating the effect of intra-canal medicaments on microorganisms lodged in the pulpal dentin wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Erythromycin and anaerobes: in vitro aspects.

Anaerobic organisms are being increasingly recognised as important causes of serious infection in man. Sampling procedures, transport of specimens and laboratory techniques need to be constantly monitored and improved if the causative organisms are to be consistently recovered from clinical specimens. Once the organisms have been isolated, their susceptibility to antibiotics should be determined so that the clinician can base his antibiotic therapy on reliable laboratory results. There are many variables in the sensitivity testing of anaerobes--these may account for the difficulty reported by some workers in obtaining consistently reliable results with some antibiotics, including erythromycin. These problems can be largely overcome if a standardised procedure is adopted. It is clear from the published data that erythromycin has considerable in vitro activity against many strains of anaerobic bacteria, both sporing and non-sporing. There is a broad spectrum of activity with some strains being very sensitive and a few strains being resistant. M.I.C. values range from 0.04 microgram./ml. to 20 microgram./ml. or more. Further studies are now needed to assess the role of erythromycin in the treatment of anaerobic infections in vivo.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Antimicrobial activity of antituberculosis agents against anaerobic bacteria.

Anaerobic infections may coexist with tuberculosis, and can be mistaken for one another. The effect of therapy with antituberculosis chemotherapeutic agents against anaerobic bacteria (with the exception of rifampin) is unknown. We therefore examined the in vitro efficacy of certain commonly used antituberculosis agents (rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol) against 370 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 86 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. Rifampin at a concentration of 2 microgram/ml inhibited 91 percent of all anaerobic isolates. Both ethambutol and isoniazid were totally ineffective against any of the anaerobes tested, even at 64 microgram/ml. Therapy with rifampin in an unsuspected anaerobic infection can be misdiagnosed for tuberculosis. Therefore, when tuberculosis is suspected, isoniazid and ethambutol can be used and rifampin withheld until the acid-fast bacilli are demonstrated by additional diagnostic procedures, such as transtracheal aspiration.

Actinomyces↗