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PubMed2005

Health professions career awareness program for seventh- and eighth-grade African-American students: a pilot study.

This exploratory, cross-sectional study was designed to gauge the interest and health career choices of African-American students before high school and to determine their level of satisfaction with a health career awareness program. Over a three-year period, 133 seventh-grade students (47%) and eighth-grade students (53%) enrolled in a Southside Chicago Catholic school were recruited; 98% were African-American. The students participated in a career awareness program, which consisted of lectures, video presentation, interactive discussion, and college campus visits. Each student completed a questionnaire that sought demographic information, health career choice, career preference, and level of satisfaction with the awareness program implemented. For career choice, 39% of the students selected "doctor" and dentist, 28% selected occupational therapy, 15% selected social work, 11% selected nursing, and 7% selected health information administration. The majority of the students (51%) were "very satisfied" and 49% were "satisfied" with the program that was implemented. We found no discernable difference in the health career interest and career choice of the study participants over the three-year period. Our findings reconfirmed a continuing limited level of awareness about allied health professions among African-American students before high school. Follow-up studies should expand the scope and contents of the awareness program to include other health professions, field trips, and mentoring by health care providers or health professional students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Factors linked to premature leaving of the nursing profession. Confirmation of the impact one year later. Longitudinal analyses of nurses. PRESST/NEXT study].

BACKGROUND: The organization of French medical institutions is changing, and the nursing personnel can encounter difficulties of adaption to these changes. The results of 2 questionnaires of the PRESST/NEXT study relative to working conditions (respectively, the questionnaires "Q0" and "Q12"), sent in a year interval to a sample of nurses were compared. METHODS: Three samples were made up: a sample of 5376 nurses having answered the initial questionnaire (Q0); a sample of 2627 nurses having answered the questionnaire sent one year after (Q12), and working in the same establishment; a group of 208 nurses having answered the questionnaire "Qex", specific to nurses who left their establishment. RESULTS: Among nurses who answered the "Qex", approximately 1/5 of nurses chose to leave the profession definitively or temporarily before the retirement age; of these, almost 13% began a new work not in the healthcare sector. Seven factors are significantly related to the intention of leaving the profession: Dissatisfaction regarding professional prospects (Q0: OR = 3.1 and Q12: OR = 2.82); Difficulties assuming the family responsabilities (Q0: OR = 1.36 and Q12: OR = 2.10); Mental health disorders for nurses not followed medically (Q0: OR = 1.76 and Q12: OR = 1.47), and for nurses receiving care for this (Q0 : OR = 1.90 and Q12: OR = 1.77); Dissatisfaction concerning the psychological support available at work (Q0: OR = 1.57 and Q12: OR = 1.87); Tiredness (Q0 : OR = 1.40 and Q12: OR = 1.6); Musculo-skeletal disorders diagnosed by doctor (Q0: OR = 1.32 and Q12: OR = 1.61); Dissatisfaction concerning the use of competences (Q0: OR = 1.27 and Q12: OR = 1.97). CONCLUSION: These results raise questions as to the benefits of new management which promotes flexibility in work and schedules, and which reduces the possibilities of support within the nursing teams. This type of management implies uncertainty for nurses as far as the technical aspects of their work are concerned, and a lack of time for the education and follow-up of patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Attitudes and knowledge of students in the allied health professions toward their future professional team members.

The investigators wished to explore final-year allied health students' knowledge of their future colleagues. A survey developed by Felsher and Ross (1994) was adapted and administered to 35 occupational therapy (OT), 35 physical therapy (PT), and 35 speech-language pathology (SLP) students. Findings suggested that all students had a good understanding and knowledge of their own professions. Differences were found among the three groups of students regarding their understanding of other disciplines and the overlap in OT and SLP roles. Specifically, OT and SLP students perceived their own professions as the primary providers of cognitive treatment. Ways to foster student understanding and collaboration are suggested.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Cross-infection in the dental profession. Dental instruments sterilization: assessment. 1.

In dentistry, and as a part of the health profession, cross-infection is a professional hazard. The infection can be transmitted by instruments, dental personnel or by patients. Dental instrument sterilization is a vital procedure to reduce the chance of cross-infection in the dental profession. Part I of this study is to assess the dental instruments sterilization at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Random samples were taken from the CSSD for this purpose. No bacterial growth was detected.

Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing: a culturally diverse profession in a monocultural health system.

Drawing on data from two recent surveys, this paper explores the ethnic diversity of the nursing profession in Victoria, overseas qualification patterns and evidence of discrimination and prejudice. The paper addresses the need to nurture and value ethnic diversity in the profession.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Emerging issues for the professions in the 1990s.

Responses to the 1990 Omnibus Survey give information about how ASHA members will fare in the coming decade. In a period when employment stability and educational preparation are important issues, ASHA members enjoy a great deal of employment stability and think they have received adequate educational preparation. However, because nearly one third of ASHA members work in private practice, many may be responsible for purchasing their own health insurance and, therefore, may be particularly concerned with soaring medical costs in the future. As our way of life changes, ASHA members change with it. They are having smaller families and nearly half are interested in acquiring non-English language skills to keep pace with increased language diversity in the U.S. The demographic characteristics of ASHA membership, including the ratio of males to females, average age, and racial/ethnic background have remained stable over the past several years. The dynamics of the profession can be discerned, however, through an analysis of opinions on professional issues such as mandatory continuing education requirements, entry-level degree requirements for certification and specialty certification. On the whole, ASHA members indicate they would accept mandated continuing education requirements to maintain their Certificate of Clinical Competence, they prefer to keep the master's degree as the degree required for clinical certification and they do not favor ASHA moving in the direction of specialty certification. ASHA members reported that they are satisfied with the job the Association is doing in serving its members. They would like to learn about related professions through ASHA publications and nearly half sought professional interaction at an ASHA Annual Convention in the past 5 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Audiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing in Canada: a profession.

The headlines scream out: "Hospitals alarmed as disgruntled nurses flee profession". "Living with death; the strains of daily tragedy feed chronic shortage of nurses". "Ministry should encourage alternative health care". "BC nurses set to withdraw services". As the provincial health care system falters and nurses, the very core of health care, flee the profession, politicians scramble to find answers. And so is Janice Kopinak, who takes a deep look at the current nurses' revolution and sees a glimmer of hope for change.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dentists' outlook toward their profession.

Given the dramatic changes presently occurring in the practice of dentistry, it was the purpose of this research to examine the outlook held by practicing dentists toward their profession. Through use of a mailed questionnaire, a national sample of general and pediatric dentists was surveyed. A 12-item Likert scale was used to measure dentist outlook. Additionally, dentists responded to questions dealing with conditions of their practice. Respondents were most positive about the professions' accomplishment in reducing caries by promoting the use of fluorides. The majority also felt that decreased time spent providing restorative services would lead to increased time spent providing other services, that greater use of auxiliaries would produce increased income, that the ADA's proposed marketing plan would have a positive effect on the public, and that research findings were relevant to the private practice of dentistry. Three items received negative responses. These items related to the oversupply of dental manpower, the detrimental effects of the increase in competition among dentists, and the decrease in professional autonomy. Additionally, four practice variables were found to be related to dentist outlook. Outlook became more favorable with increasingly more positive income change over the prior year, with increasing numbers of employees, and with increasing practice business. Finally, the longer a dentist had been out of dental school, the more positive his or her outlook was likely to be.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

The role of the ambulance service as part of the health profession.

The provincial ambulance services have developed into highly trained professional emergency medical services over the last few years. This rapid development seems to have caught the medical profession by surprise, so much so that in recent months some medical practitioners were of the opinion that ambulance personnel were being trained to do more than they should. Unfortunately many doctors still seem to view the ambulance service as mainly a patient transport service and not as the emergency medical service it has become. It would be in the interest of the patient if a sound working relationship between pre-hospital, hospital and private medical practitioners could be established and that each group becomes familiar with the capabilities of the other. It is equally important that ambulance personnel be welcomed into the health profession of which they are now an integral part.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A reading journey for the profession: indicators for nursing. II].

The paper outlines the scenario where the nursing profession develops in Italy on the basis of few key indicators: training, professional associations, salary, lack of personnel, relationships with the woman role and with the society. The situation which emerges is highly articulated and complex, and provides grounds to better understand both the progresses which have been made by the profession and the struggles, the problems and the prejudices which must still be faced.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1989

[ECG changes in persons representing present-day professions].

Subject of the study are the two up-to-date professions with well expressed neuropsychic stress and hypodynamia: 19 managers from industry and 41 controllers from the railway transport. Both professional groups were subject to a definite dose of physical loading and estimation of the ECG changes by the aid of Minnesota's code (WHO 1968) and its modification by the Swedish Cardiological Association. Relatively high percents of positive working samples for healthy middle-aged men were found, which could be related with considerable occupational risk in both professions.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Physician assistants: current status of the profession.

In the two decades since the inception of the physician assistant concept in the United States, 52 physician assistant training programs have been established. Currently, approximately 16,000 physician assistants are employed by physicians and institutions throughout the country. Established to fill a perceived gap in primary health care delivery in the 1960s, the profession continues to serve mainly in primary care settings, with 43 percent of all physician assistants in family practice clinics. There is a trend, however, for physician assistants to fill health care gaps in other settings, such as long-term care institutions and correctional facilities. The clinical effectiveness of physician assistants has been demonstrated in terms of both quality of care and patient acceptance, and they are adept at adjusting to shifts in the health care marketplace. However, the real determinant of the future of the profession will be economic advantage. Recent changes in Medicare legislation now permit reimbursement for physician assistant services in nursing homes and hospitals, and payment under Medicaid has been approved in one half of the states. Given the cost effectiveness of physician assistants, their demonstrated competence and acceptability, and their adaptability to a variety of settings, the demand for their services is likely to continue.

Certification↗
PubMed1978

The need for closer collaboration between the medical and veterinary professions.

It is increasingly apparent that physicians and veterinarians share the same pool of scientific knowledge and that diseases of animals have many direct and indirect connexions with human health. Nowadays it is realized that, given the opportunity, the veterinarian can make substantial contributions to the medical services by (a) controlling zoonoses, (b) supervising the hygiene of food, especially food of animal origin, (c) assisting in the detection and prevention of environmental pollution, (d) facilitating exchange of research information on analagous problems in man and animals, and (e) ensuring a supply of healthy, standardized laboratory animals. Appropriate administrative machinery at government level is necessary to enable the veterinarian to develop and exercise his potential in this field and to ensure full and effective collaboration between the medical and veterinary professions. Conventional veterinary education provides an excellent background for public health work, but special training is also necessary, at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, for veterinarians who are to assume responsibilities in public health. A fuller partnership between these two health professions, which have so much in common, should be encouraged in various ways, for example by sharing some courses during university education, and by joint meetings to discuss problems of mutual concern.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The work of accreditation on-site evaluators. Enhancing the development of a profession.

The purpose of this study was to explore the work of on-site evaluators in the physical therapy accreditation process. Specifically, this research investigated how the accreditation on-site visit may serve as a method for defining the dominant values of a developing profession. A set of criteria selected from the literature describing the process of professionalization served as an operational model of professional values for the study. The model served as the framework for analysis and categorization of the professional values that evaluators emphasized during the on-site visits. The qualitative data collection methods of interview, nonparticipant observation, and document analysis were used in constructing case studies of five physical therapy education program accreditation visits. Results of this research indicated that on-site evaluators represent an elite community within the field and share similar values about the profession. These shared values about the professionalization of physical therapy formed the basis for evaluators' interpretation of accreditation standards. Evaluators' emphasis on the professional values that focus on defining and validating the body of knowledge in physical therapy and faculty endorsement of the norms of the academic work place have implications for the continued professionalization of physical therapy.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1987

[Professional secrecy and the divulgence of information in the veterinary profession].

Aspects of professional secrecy as applied to the veterinary profession are examined. The origin and the modern basis of this precept are referred to. Consideration is given to its application in the Veterinary and Paraveterinary Professions Act, the common law liability of the veterinarian employed in industry, the veterinarian negotiating the purchase of a practice, and its application to moral, ethical and contractual obligations. The need to dispense with professional secrecy in emergency situations is examined, as well as an approach for the discussion of clinical cases amongst colleagues, publication of such cases in scientific journals and the application in a situation where a veterinarian is being sued by a client. Professional secrecy is also examined where the veterinarian is employed in the Public Service and where an obligation arises to give evidence in civil and criminal court proceedings.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Violation of human rights and the nursing profession.

In this presentation, the focus will be on torture and its after-effects on the individual and the responsibility of the nursing profession in this tragic context. The nursing profession must therefore be as vigilant as possible in combatting this practice which can be characterized as the most evil in the world.

Human Rights↗
PubMed1985

Education--the concern of the profession? Early postgraduate medical education.

Overall what is suggested is a tried and proven apprentice type system, with continuing role models, more stable patient care teams, defined educational objectives, all with some flexibility and a reduction in the tendency to over supply in specific areas. The transition would be difficult, it could not happen without change (already suggested) in the undergraduate curriculum and it would also require changes in other areas, peripheral to the areas of hospital organisation already discussed. The changes necessary for the full effect of these proposals to be felt, will be those occurring in medical society. The changes will be in the methods of practice, in organisation and payment and in the relationship of different parts of the profession (aiming for abolition of the dichotomy existing between primary care and the hospital), all sections taking an active part in planning and delivering medical education. A clear commitment must be made to continually evaluate medical education's performance and relevancy, connecting this to institutions (medical schools, hospitals, colleges etc) geared and prepared to respond. A reconstituted and reorientated Medical Council would be pivotal to this being successful. This two year spell inflicted on the young members just entering our profession is inexcusable in humanitarian terms, wasteful in educational terms, and ineffective in management terms.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1985

Education--the concern of the profession? Undergraduate medical education.

In this brief review not all aspects could be covered. The main requirements for improvement are: Reorganise the Medical Council - expand the role of its educational committee and establish a curriculum advisory body. Begin a continuous evaluation process of medical education. Colleges and medical associations begin debating their role, involving lay organisations in the process. Curriculum committees and medical schools look at four areas of criticism (begin planning introduction of early clinical contact, problem solving, critical approach, self learning) and contemplate reduction in length of course. The direction of medical education following Flexner was the centres of medical excellence, these became the teaching hospitals and they have become the trap leading to a distorted view of medicine. That they have produced many advances is not disputed. That they will continue to do so is to be expected, although they are now retarding progress in the important and neglected areas that hold the most potential for benefit--prevention and primary care. The new direction of excellence must not be solely into institutions, but must now be into the minds of all the individual members of the profession. The institutions will change, as society does, along with increasing knowledge, but if possession of the habits of continual critical inquiry is equally represented in all members of the profession, then they will adapt more quickly and appropriately to the requirements in the future.

Curriculum↗