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PubMed1983

The politics of personhood.

Concepts of personhood are embedded in a political and cultural context. The persistence of moral conflicts--and advances in biological and clinical sciences accelerate their number--and the difficulties of resolving them reflect features of our political culture. In the extraordinary American tension between individual and public life, controlling the definition of what it is to be a human being becomes a fundamental basis of social and political power. Much is at stake in these persistent conflicts: freedon of individuals; authority of professionals; automony of scientists; and even the role of the church.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Race, region and the territorial politics of immigration in the US.

Zelinsky and Lee recently unveiled a model of the sociospatial process of immigrant settlement designed to augment and possibly supplant the well-known theories of assimilation and pluralism. Although in some ways new, their work continues a tradition in social science that treats the settlement geography of immigrants as a measure of their more general fit into American society. The authors question the prevailing assumption that immigrant settlement patterns represent a barometer of their adaptation, or lack thereof, to a host society. This critique of the concepts of assimilation, pluralism and Zelinsky and Lee's alternative "heterolocal" model of immigrant settlement pivots around the issues of spatial scale and race. The authors argue that the contestations over immigration and how well immigrants fit into society are increasingly constructed at the regional scale. The authors also assert that questions race infuse almost all aspects of these debates. The transformation of America's largest city-regions into places of non-White immigrants, and the shifting political balance of power to states like California through immigration-driven reapportionment, are touchstones for anti-immigration initiatives and associated local and national debate. Fear of racial regional changes underpins an increasingly powerful response to immigration. The reactions elicited by these settlement geographies fall under the heading the authors call the "territorial politics of immigration".

Acculturation↗
PubMed1996

Aging and political decision making on public pensions.

"In this paper decision making on public pensions in a representative democracy is modeled within the framework of the well-known two-overlapping-generations (OLG) general-equilibrium model with rational expectations. The model is used to analyze the effects of aging on the economy in general and on the evolution of public pension schemes in particular, where aging is interpreted as a combination of a decrease in the rate of population growth and an increase in the political influence of pensioners. Analytical results are derived for the long run as well as for the short run by the method of comparative statics and comparative dynamics respectively. It appears that an increase in transfers to the old is not guaranteed if due to aging their political power increases."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Sectarian demography, territoriality and political development in Northern Ireland.

"Here we discuss, firstly, the limits of Census-based empiricism [in Northern Ireland] and the usually unacknowledged problems of data and interpretation which have resulted in a seriously misleading ¿conventional wisdom'. Secondly, we question its sectarian terms of reference, the over-identification of religion and politics, and misconceptions of ethnicity.... Thirdly, we focus on some of the flawed policy ¿solutions' associated with empiricism and sectarianism, including ¿internal' power-sharing and ¿consociational' strategies for political development."

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

Social traditionalism and economic conservatism: two conservative political ideologies in the United States.

The authors surveyed by telephone a random sample of voters in the 1996 presidential election from the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area of Muncie, IN ("Middletown"; R. Lynd & H. Lynd, 1929) to test a model describing the nature of 2 conservative political ideologies--social traditionalism and economic conservatism. The model, based on functions of attitudes theory, predicted (a) that the 2 political ideologies would appeal to 2 rather distinct constituency groups--the former, to conservative Protestants; the latter, to people of higher incomes--and (b) that social traditionalists would be more dogmatic and economic conservatives would be more open-minded in their respective views. The findings were consistent with those predictions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The political discourse on quota immigration in Germany.

"Since the late 1980s many professional politicians and social interest associations/organisations have been arguing for the creation of an immigration law which would allow and organise limited and legal new immigration to Germany on the basis of annual or two-three year quotas. This political discourse on immigration policy contains proposals which go beyond pure self-interest and aim to contribute to the stated goals of ¿citizenship in Europe' and ¿open, transnational citizenship'. This position is so far only held by a minority. More dominant are the proponents of quota immigration policy and of political asylum and civil refugee policies, directly or indirectly exclusionist in relation to ¿old' and/or ¿new' immigrants and refugees. This article presents the argument for rethinking and restructuring the notion of quota immigration rather than rejecting it altogether."

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Facing the true "Fortress Europe": immigrant and politics in the EC.

The author examines the implications for the immigrant population of the European Community's plans for closer union in 1992. "After considering the positions that European institutions have taken regarding non-citizens' political rights in the EC, I trace the development of an active immigrant political role at the European level since the early 1970s."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1986

The psychological effects of Apartheid psychoanalysis: social, moral and political influences.

The notorious governmental policy of Apartheid affects the people of that country psychologically, as well as politically, socially, economically and medically. It does so in a variety of ways, including: the humiliating effects on blacks and arrogance inducing effects on whites; the disruption of family-life by the enforced migrant labor system; the stunted brain-development and behavioral effects that result from the inexcusably widespread childhood malnutrition in that wealthy country, (the world's 6th-largest food-exporter); the distortions and alienations in personality development, on racial lines; the mental breakdowns and suicides that result from the physical and mental torture that unchanged security-police detainees are subjected to while under interrogation. In addition, when mental health services are required they are grossly inferior for blacks, especially in the rural areas and particularly in out-patient care. The white-doctor: black-patient relationship, perforce the rule, is distinctly problematic in this socio-political climate. The World Medical Association and the World Psychiatric Association have been supportive to the South African government and silent, respectively, in the face of all the documented information on this hazardous public health situation. The United Nations and its agencies, the World Health Organization and the Centre Against Apartheid, should be commended for their work and unequivocal stands on this issue and should be heeded in their calls for a principled response by more of the world's psychiatric, psychological and medical communities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

The political and economic determinants of health outcomes: a cross-national analysis.

This article investigates the impact of selected political and economic processes on the well-being of domestic populations within samples of 50 to 84 peripheral and noncore nations. Existing research by Cereseto and Waitzkin on the relative merits of market versus socialist systems for the provision of health and welfare needs of their populations is extended by employing a more complex model than the original study. More specifically, the authors assess the impact on measures of population health and mortality rates of regime ideology, state strength, multinational corporate penetration, and position in the world economy. In general, high levels of democracy and strong left-wing regimes are associated with positive health outcomes, and strong right-wing regimes have populations with lower life expectancies and higher levels of various measures of mortality. These findings support the conclusion that political systems make a difference in health and well-being independent of national (gross national product per capita) and international (investment dependency) economic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Political constraints to nutritional improvement: the case of Guyana.

The processes generating malnutrition are examined with particular reference to Guyana. The theoretical framework includes the concept of limiting factors, which in this case means that the failure to alter a critical variable will prevent nutritional improvement, despite intervention in other variables. Among important factors found to cause malnutrition age low national production, inequitable income distribution, and maladaptive cultural practices. These are located in the economy of the country and in the institutions and ideas which support that economy. Power and politics therefore fundamentally affect nutritional outcome; and imperialist control of underdeveloped economies makes international relations an indispensible consideration. It is concluded that for Guyana the political process is the limiting factor which must be altered before significant nutritional improvement can occur.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Political economy of population growth.

Tracing the origin of political economy as a class-science, this paper focuses on the political economy of population growth. Exposing the limitations of Malthusian ideas and their invalidity even for the capitalist economies, it discusses the subsequent revival of the Malthusian model during the period of de-colonization and the misinterpretation of the relationship between population growth and development in the developing and developed countries. Taking India, China, and Japan as some case studies, the paper examines the relationship between birth rate levels and some correlates. It elaborates on the Indian experience, emphasizing the association of population growth with poverty and unemployment and lays bare some of the hidden causes of these phenomena. The authors examine some interstate variations in India and identify constraints and prospects of the existing population policy. The paper proposes outlines of a democratic population policy as an integral part of India's development strategy which should recognize human beings not simply as consumers but also as producers of material values. It pleads for 1) restructuring of property relations; 2) bringing down the mortality rates and raising of the literacy levels, especially among females; and 3) improving nutritional levels, as prerequisites for bringing down birth rates.

Asia↗
PubMed1986

Some political implications of population growth.

"This article appraises the views of earlier thinkers on the political implications of population size and theorizes that many of the present day political disturbances can be traced to changes in the size, growth and redistribution of population." The geographic focus is worldwide.

Demography↗
PubMed1998

Different paths: gender, immigration and political participation.

"Building on arguments made by Grasmuck and Pessar (1991), Hardy-Fanta (1993), and Hondagneu-Sotelo (1994), among others, this article makes the case for a gendered understanding of immigrant political socialization. Looking at recent Latin American immigrants to New York City, the article argues that immigrant Latino men are more likely to favor continuity in patterns of socialization and organization, and immigrant Latinas are more likely to favor change. This finding helps bridge theoretical and empirical literatures in immigration studies, applying the logic of gender-differentiated decisionmaking to the area of immigrant political socialization and behavior."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

[The demo-political debate in Quebec: inclusion or exclusion?].

"The purpose of this paper is to present some aspects of a current research project on the evolution of demographic thought on immigration and integration [in Quebec, Canada], especially since the beginning of the 1960s. The paper is divided into two parts: the first is a brief consideration of the concept of integration in demography; the second presents four propositions which we believe characterize demo-political discourse at the present time. In brief, these four propositions are: 1) immigration today is unique in the history of Quebec; 2) immigration is not a solution to apprehended demographic decline; 3) immigration is linked to Quebec's capacity to receive new immigrants; and 4) the state is the leader in policy matters. In conclusion, regarding the 'inclusion/exclusion' duality, we suggest that demo-political discourse leans more heavily toward exclusion than toward inclusion." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1984

The politics of immigration reform.

The US is the target for international migration, now more than ever. Population growth and economic stragnation in the Third World are increasing the pressures for out-migration, and current immigration law is wholly incapable of responding to the ever increasing flow of illegal immigrants. Border apprehensions of illegal aliens in the US were up 40% during 1983, and total apprehensions reached 1.25 million by the year's end. Recent public opinion polls have disclosed that an overwhelming majority of the American public demands immigration reform, and yet we as a nation have been distinctly unwilling or unable to respond to this clear public sentiment. This paper discusses the politics of the "Simpson-Mazzoli" Immigration Reform and Control Act, previous immigration legislation, current counterproposals for US immigration policy, and the political realities of immigration reform.

Americas↗
PubMed1983

[International immigration, a political fact].

"This article retraces the sources of immigration towards Canada and the United States during the post-war period, and paints a picture of the immigration practiced in Western Europe. Dealing with international immigration also means touching on the immigration practices of the receiving countries: their border policies (selection), as well as their policies in the interior (integration)." The political influence of immigration on both the relations between nations and the political situation in receiving countries is examined. (summary in ENG, SPA)

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Literary creation and political involvement].

We approach four french fascist writers of the period between the two world wars: Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Robert Brasillach, Lucein Rebatet and Pierre Drieu La Rochelle. We examine the psychodynamic links between the literary creation and their political involvement. We can agree with those authors who state that the sublimation, common to all human beings, is post-oedipal. But we can add that there is no competition, from the economical viewpoint, between the post-oedipal sublimation, type political involvement, and the preoedipal sublimation, type literary creation. We arrive also to the conclusion that, in contradiction with what we have seen in the literature overview, it seems that narcissistic personality disorders have no negative effect on literary creation.

France↗
PubMed1978

Academic psychiatry in the political marketplace.

There is pressure for all medicine to be publicly accountable and for there to be public manifestations of professional responsibility. The expectation of an immediate return on the public's investment in education is matched by cries for"relevence" in research. The generation and transmission of psychiatric knowledge is not compatible with such a direct telelogic approach. Yet, public accountability is necessary, considering the public monies involved. Academic psychiatry should become familiar with the political marketplace--a high-pressure environment where fiercely competing interests vie for the politician's attention through votes and contributions, and where the "squeaky wheel gets the grease". Psychiatry can ill afford to adopt a passive posture in this political marketplace. Psychiatrists bear responsibility for informing the public about the relevance of psychiatric research and education. The profession must accept--even embrace--the concept of public accountability as a synchronous extension of our professional responsibilities.

Humans↗