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PubMedDate not supplied

The phonetics and phonology of perceptually motivated articulatory covariation.

This paper presents evidence that the acoustic effects of demonstrably independent articulations are integrated in the perception of vowel height and [voice] contrasts. This evidence supports two hypotheses: That, in at least some instances, articulatory covariation is perceptually motivated, and that the objects of speech perception are auditory rather than articulatory. Furthermore, it appears that perceptual integration can either increase or decrease the distinctiveness of contrasting speech sounds, so it may not only create favored patterns of articulatory covariation but also disfavored patterns. This suggests that integration is a product of general auditory mechanisms, not of mechanisms specific to speech perception.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Phonetic description of babbling in Danish toddlers born with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate prelinguistic vocalization sequences of 1-year-old children with and without cleft lip and palate. DESIGN: Prospective study. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 36 control children born without clefts. The cleft children had the lip, soft palate, and posterior part of the hard palate repaired at 4 months of age. The lip was closed ad modum Millard, the nose was corrected according to McComb, and the soft palate was closed with a posteriorly based vomer flap. METHODS: Data were obtained from a clinical visit during which the baby played with the mother. Video recordings were transcribed and analyzed concerning (1) the frequency of occurrence of vocalization sequences, (2) the frequency of occurrence of contoids and vocoids, (3) the contoids' place and manner of articulation, and (4) the percentage of children who entered the canonical babbling stage. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the cleft and control groups concerning frequency of occurrence of vocalization sequences, contoids, or vocoids. Structural differences between the groups seem to influence the contoid inventory, with a higher frequency of occurrence of nasal contoids and a smaller frequency of occurrence of alveolar contoids in the cleft group. Canonical babbling was achieved by most children in both groups, and no significant difference was found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early closure of the soft palate seems to have a positive influence on the prelinguistic development of children with cleft palate.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1997

Sex differences in phonetic processing: speed of identification of alphabetical sequences.

Research on the sex difference in speed of matching strings of letters or digits has suggested that the difference is associated with the speed of the comparison and decision processes rather than with symbol recognition. In addition, the size of the difference is affected by whether the code used for the comparisons is figural or verbal. Given recent evidence on both the critical role of phonological processing in reading and sex differences in the lateralization of phonological processes in the brain, it was hypothesized that on a speeded task with high demands for phonological efficiency sex differences might be found even though no perceptual comparisons were required. In a study with 57 male and 60 female college students, the women were significantly faster in identifying alphabetical sequences and were more accurate than men. There were no significant sex differences on a perceptual matching condition. The results suggest that the verbal processes implicated in earlier work on sex differences in speed of symbol matching may be primarily due to sex differences in the efficiency of phonological processing.

Adult↗