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PubMed2002

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of tocopherols in toothpastes and gingival tissue employing HPLC NMR and HPLC MS coupling.

Gingival samples treated with toothpastes containing tocopherols (vitamin E) were investigated employing HPLC chromatography. The aim was to verify that vitamin E is actually enriched in the tissue, which could have beneficial effects on oral health. After determination of the tocopherols available in the toothpastes, control samples from healthy test persons and subjects suffering from gingivitis were analyzed. Subsequently, gingival tissues from diseased test persons who treated their teeth with the toothpastes containing tocopherols using various kinds of concentrations or applications were investigated. The first step of the analysis was a fast and careful extraction employing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Afterward, the separation of the different tocopherol homologues existing was performed by HPLC chromatography on highly selective C30 RP phases. The identification of the tocopherol homologues was performed using the on-line coupling of HPLC with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2003

Reliability of arm Wingate Anaerobic Testing in persons with complete paraplegia.

BACKGROUND: Accurate, reliable assessment of upper extremity muscular power in persons with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) would provide an objective indication of their ability to generate the forces necessary for the performance of daily activities. Wingate Anaerobic Testing (WAnT) consists of a 30-second sprint test on a cycle ergometer and has been used widely in both athletic and research settings. PURPOSE: To examine test-retest reliability of arm WAnT performance in persons with complete SCI and paraplegia. METHODS: Forty-three participants with thoracic-level paraplegia (T2 through T12) performed 2 trials of arm WAnT with 2 to 7 days between each trial. Testing was performed using a Monarch 834E ergometer with participants seated in their wheelchairs. Participants were directed to crank at maximal pace for 30 seconds against a resistance load equivalent to 3.5% of their body mass. The SMI OptoSensor 2000 system was used to determine values of peak power (P(peak)), mean power (P(mean)), minimum power, and rate of fatigue, which were compared between trials using 1-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. Coefficients of determination (r2) were calculated between trials for P(peak) and P(mean). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between trials for any of the power output variables. Regression analysis indicated that P(peak) and P(mean) were closely associated between the 2 trials (r2 = 0.92 and 0.94, respectively). CONCLUSION: Arm WAnT is a reliable measurement tool for the assessment of upper extremity muscular power in persons with complete paraplegia.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Acceptance of HIV-antibody testing by persons seeking outpatient treatment for cocaine abuse.

One hundred of 101 applicants for outpatient treatment for cocaine abuse consented to voluntary HIV-antibody testing when the testing was offered as an option within the medical assessment at intake. Twelve applicants tested HIV-antibody positive; eight of these had injected drugs parenterally with syringes and needles used by other addicts and four had never taken drugs intravenously. There were no significant differences between HIV-antibody positive and negative applicants regarding the percentages who completed the evaluation, began treatment, and completed four weeks of treatment. A subgroup of 48 patients were interviewed regarding their knowledge of HIV infection, AIDS, and risk factors associated with transmission of HIV. All 48 patients had heard of HIV, AIDS, and recommendations that they use condoms as well as clean syringes and needles. None of the 48 patients reported that they used condoms; 10 reported reduced sexual activity and number of sexual partners; and none of those who shared needles reported that they had discontinued sharing other addicts' drug paraphernalia. The authors conclude that on-site, voluntary HIV-antibody testing for drug abusing patients entering treatment appears feasible and is not a deterrent to persons entering and continuing in treatment for drug abuse. The finding that persons at risk for HIV infection have knowledge of risk factors and have not changed risk-taking behaviors associated with HIV contagion points out the urgent need for further education and counseling.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Reference zero for the calibration of audiometric equipment using 'clicks' as test signals.

Intended as an input to international standardisation, this study investigated reference hearing thresholds for the calibration of audiometric equipment, which have been determined using 'clicks' as test signals, several kinds of earphones, and two types of transducers (a loudspeaker and a bone vibrator). The threshold measurements were carried out with groups of 25 test persons with normal hearing capability following as far as possible the ISO-preferred test conditions. The influence of different parameters on the results, such as click duration, polarisation mode, repetition rate, gender and age of the test persons, or type of ear simulator, was studied. The results mainly depend on the type of ear simulator used to calibrate corresponding audiometers. Together with the results of another investigation carried out in Denmark, the data of the present study shall form the basis for the coming International Standard ISO 389-6 on reference hearing thresholds for acoustic test signals of short duration.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1981

Individual differences in life-style response to coronary artery bypass surgery.

Fifty-three patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery 12 to 27 months previously were given four standard personality questionnaires and asked to write about the main effects the operation had on their life-styles. These responses were then content analysed. Although hierarchical grouping analysis indicated that the responses could best be classified into four groups, only three distinct response profiles emerged. The first group described mainly adverse consequences of surgery; the other three groups described the effects of surgery as beneficial. Personality test data suggested that individual personality and coping style considerably influence a patient's perception of surgical outcome, and that this perception is largely independent of cardiac symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Predictors of success in a cohort of medical students.

Secondary school results were compared with personality test scores as predictors of achievement in medical school in a study of a cohort of students, using simple correlation and multiple linear regression. The cohort of 151 students completed 28 courses in the 6 years. We have previously reported that the scores obtained could be reduced to five independent factors: 'physical science'; 'biological science'; 'paraclinical science'; 'basic clinical science'; and 'clinical science'. Both secondary school scores and personality test scores correlated with medical school achievement factors, but school scores correlated best with 'physical' and 'biological' science. Considering secondary school scores, English was the best predictor of 'clinical science', physics was the best predictor of 'basic clinical science' and scores obtained in physics and languages were better predictors of medical school 'biological science' than was school biology. Personality factors were better predictors of 'biological', 'paraclinical' and 'clinical science' than secondary school scores and the combined secondary school score (CSS) was the best predictor of 'physical science' and of 'overall achievement'. We conclude that incorporation of personality measurement with school academic achievement could be of value in selection procedures for applicants for medical school.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

[Stool behavior following the administration of antacids].

The direct correlation between the dosage of magnesium in antacids and the appearance of partly massive diarrheas in ulcus-patients known from literature could be confirmed. The clinically relevant dosage of antacids of 420 mval NK/day, divided in six individual dosages, resulted in diarrheas from the second to fourth day in 32 percent of the test persons when antacid A with a high content of magnesium was administered. There was no hint for a constipating effect of Solugastril gel at these high dosages (= 12 individual doses). Indeed the application of an Al-Ca-antacid may result in a slight fecal impaction, however, at the same time also to an increase of stool frequency, which is similar to that obtained with antacid B having a lower content of magnesium. The antacid can be regarded as neutral concerning stool frequency and consistency in the majority of test persons. From all four tested antacids the triple-combination (Al, Mg, Ca), showed the least important deviations from the preceding norms concerning stool frequency and consistency. The triple-combination shows an absolutely neutral stool behaviour. Serum electrolytes remained in the normal range with the Al-Ca- and the Al-Mg-Ca-antacid; whereas after application of antacid. A with high magnesium content, important increases of magnesium could be observed after seven days already, which were also dealt with in the literature.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1976

Psychological testing and the detection of drug abusers.

Empirical studies using psychological tests for the detection and early identification of drug abusers are summarized. Although the emphasis is on personality testing, intelligence and special aptitude tests are included. The author concludes that psychological testing has not been successful in differentiating drug abusers from other sampled groups. The ARCI and MMPI personality tests show potential, but their validity remains to be fully demonstrated. Factors for their lack of success include subjects with different "response sets" and in specific institutionalized settings. Recommendations for additional research in noninstitutional environments are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

The effect of physical activity on absorption and metabolism of an orally applied drug (pentoxifylline).

STUDY OBJECTIVE: In this study the effect of physical activity on absorption and metabolism of a therapeutic drug was investigated by comparing plasma concentrations and metabolism of pentoxifylline during rest and after standardized physical activity. METHODS AND PATIENTS: After an oral dose of 600 mg pentoxifylline plasma concentrations of the drug and its metabolite 1 were monitored in nine healthy volunteers during five hours with the persons at rest and in a second experiment after ability-adapted standardized bicycle ergonometry. MAIN RESULTS: In six of nine test persons exercise led to significant higher plasma concentrations of the drug at 2 hours after application (+77%; p <0.01) compared to the concentrations in the same persons at rest. Reductive metabolism of pentoxifylline decreased in all test persons after physical activity giving 19% lower maximal concentrations of metabolite 1 (p = 0.06, not significant) and a 16% lower area under the concentration time curve (p <0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that physical activity can influence absorption and metabolism of a drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Clinical observation of personality characteristics of perimenopausal women with undefined complaints.

Personality tests, including the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression (SRQ-D), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Alexithymia Scale (MMPI-AS), and the Egogram Check List (ECL) were completed by 202 perimenopausal women with undefined complaints. Patients diagnosed as having mental disorders showed SRQ-D scores of over 16 points. Patients diagnosed as having mental disorders showed MMPI-AS scores of over 13 points, which can be estimated as alexithymia. Patients experiencing climacteric disorders and the ovarian deficiency syndrome showed slightly higher MMPI-AS scores than healthy middle-aged women. The average ECL scores of patients diagnosed as having mental disorders tended to show an N-shape pattern. The findings suggest that personality tests would be helpful for screening perimenopausal women with mental disorders who are seen at outpatient gynecology clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Parvovirus B19 infection in AIDS patients.

Bone marrow of 61 HIV-1-infected patients and 23 control patients was examined to determine the incidence of B19 infection and its clinical impact in HIV-1-infected persons. Of the 61 HIV-infected patients studied, ages ranged from 22-47 years with a mean of 33.2 years. There was a man:woman ratio of 3.8:1. With regard to staging of HIV disease at the time of bone marrow sampling, 52 patients were CDC group 4, 5 patients were CDC group 3, and 4 patients were CDC group 2. Control patients, were not known to be HIV-1-infected, and had one of the following conditions: lymphoma, leukaemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, anaemia, multiple myeloma, raised serum IgM. Thirteen of 61 HIV-infected patients and 0 of 23 control patients were positive for B19 DNA in bone marrow (two-tailed P value = 0.016). Within the HIV-infected group, the average haemoglobin among persons testing B19 DNA positive (n = 13) was 11.1 g/dl, compared with 11.5 g/dl among persons testing B19 DNA negative (n = 48). In conclusion, B19 persistence may be common and frequently subclinical in AIDS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Importance of adipose tissue hypertrophy for the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes].

In 56 maturity-onset-diabetics and 20 test persons with pathologic glucose tolerance were established significantly larger volumes of adipocytes than in 142 test persons with normal glucose tolerance and normal serum triglycerides. The differences could only be proved taking into consideration the influence of the index of ideal weight and the difference of sex. The pathogenetic importance of the excessive hypertrophy of adipose tissue is discussed on the basis of the increased turnover rate of free fatty acids.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Psychosomatic aspects of patients complaining of dizziness or vertigo with orthostatic dysregulation.

Eighty-five patients (26 males and 59 females) with orthostatic dysregulation who visited our clinic complaining of dizziness or vertigo between December, 1990 and August, 1996 were analyzed using the Japanese Edition Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire and the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test. The condition of OD was most commonly noted in 29 patients (34.1%) with dizziness or vertigo of indeterminate etiology, followed by in 14 (16.5%) with Meniere's disease, in ten (11.8%) with hypotension and CNS disorder each, and in 22 (25.9%) with other disorders. The percentage classed as Type III (possible neurotic) or Type IV (probable neurotic), was 46.1% in males and 47.4% in females. The percentage classed as Type B or Type E, suggestive of emotional or psychological disturbance, was 38.5% in males and 37.3% in females. There was good correlation between the Japanese Edition Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire and the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test results as to psychosomatic aspects. We conclude that, in the treatment of patients with orthostatic dysregulation, it is necessary to consider both physical and psychological aspects of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Repeat negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in San Francisco: magnitude and characteristics.

The authors assessed the characteristics of repeat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testers at publicly funded sites in San Francisco. During 1992-1993, 31% of all HIV tests were performed on persons testing negative for the third time or more. Persons with greater numbers of prior negative tests were less likely to test HIV-positive. Repeat negative testers were more likely than first-time negative testers to be homosexual or bisexual males, homosexual or bisexual injection drug users (IDUs), or heterosexual IDUs. Repeat testers who seroconverted were more likely to be in these same transmission categories than repeat testers who remained negative. Because of the similarities in risk profile between those most likely to retest and those most likely to seroconvert, attempts to limit repeat testing must proceed cautiously.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a combination of copper and hexetidine on the acidogenicity and copper accumulation in dental plaque in vivo.

A double-blind crossover study on 4 adult volunteers was performed to evaluate the effect of hexetidine on Cu2+ accumulation in dental plaque as well as a possible enhanced effect of copper on inhibition of acid production in the presence of hexetidine. The experimental period was 5 days. No oral hygiene was allowed, and sucrose-containing chewing gum was used to enhance plaque formation during the test period. In order to evaluate the effect on pH, the test persons rinsed with a 15% glucose (w/v) solution on the 5th experimental day. Plaque pH values recorded before and 5 min after the rinse served as control values. One hour later the test persons rinsed with 10 ml of the test solutions for 1 min. Glucose rinses with pH measurements 5 min after the rinse were carried out 0, 3, and 7 h after the test agents were used. The combination of 1.0 mM copper and 2.0 mM hexetidine gave a significant (p less than 0.05) inhibition of acid production at all times compared both to the controls and to each of the test agents separately. Plaque samples were collected with a toothpick immediately before a 1-min rinse with 10 ml of the test solutions. Subsequent plaque samples were taken 5 min and 3 and 8 h after a rinse from corresponding tooth surfaces. Dry weight was estimated, the plaque bacteria digested by HNO3, and the amount of Cu2+ determined by atomic absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acids↗