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Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The 'tired person' syndrome. Understanding the pathologic factors in these 'problem' patients.

Many "problem" patients seen in primary care settings cannot be easily classified as "masked depressives" or seekers of secondary gain. Rather, they fit into a third category--those with the "tired person" syndrome. The essential feature of this syndrome is the decrease in self-esteem that follows the real or perceived loss of the ability to work productively. The decrease in self-esteem triggers anxiety, which may be so severe as to approach a panic state. The patient then becomes increasingly disabled or has increasing physical symptoms and enters a vicious cycle culminating in debility. Treatment is aimed at the physician's accepting and legitimizing the very real loss that the patient perceives in order to help him or her become comfortably dependent.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Is comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder related to greater pathology and impairment?

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined whether patients with comorbid borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a more severe clinical profile than patients with either disorder without the other. METHOD: Outpatients with borderline personality disorder without PTSD (N=101), PTSD without borderline personality disorder (N=121), comorbid borderline personality disorder and PTSD (N=48), and major depression without PTSD or borderline personality disorder (N=469) were assessed with structured interviews for psychiatric disorders and for degree of impairment. RESULTS: Outpatients with diagnoses of comorbid borderline personality disorder and PTSD were not significantly different from outpatients with borderline personality disorder without PTSD, PTSD without borderline personality disorder, or major depression without PTSD or borderline personality disorder in severity of PTSD-related symptoms, borderline-related traits, or impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The additional diagnosis of PTSD or borderline personality disorder does little to augment the pathology or dysfunction of patients who have either disorder without the other.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Personality disorders in a Dutch forensic psychiatric sample: changes with treatment.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effectiveness of treatment for personality disorder (PD) is mixed, and there are very few data at all on outcomes for offender patients with PD. In the Netherlands there is nevertheless commitment to treating such people in specialized forensic psychiatric hospitals. AIMS/HYPOTHESES: The main aim was to determine the extent to which, if at all, patients detained under the Dutch TBS provision in the Dr Henri Van der Hoeven Hospital changed during inpatient treatment. METHODS: The study followed a naturalistic design. On admission, the Structured Interview for DSM Personality Disorders (SIDP-R) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R) were used to assess DSM axis-II personality disorder pathology. After two years of intensive treatment they were reassessed using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients (54 men and five women) completed both ratings. At follow-up, group mean indicated a significant reduction in personality disorder pathology as measured by the PDQ-R. Analysis of changes in individual subjects according to a method described by Jacobson and Truax (1991) showed that almost 40% improved reliably (by more than two standard deviations) and more than one quarter of the sample improved to a reliable and clinically significant extent in personality disorder features. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings of the study are encouraging in terms of reduction of personality disorder psychopathology. Limitations to the study design are acknowledged. Further, it is not known whether this change constitutes substantial reorganization of personality, or whether it reflects a change at a more superficial level. Further follow-up of the patients is necessary to investigate whether the positive changes remain after release from hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[The need for a postgraduate training curriculum in anatomic pathology/clinical pathology in Japan--a personal experience].

After I graduated from Nagoya University School of Medicine in 1979, I was trained as a resident and physician at Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital for 4 years. Then, I was trained as an anatomic pathologist by individual discussions of diagnostic problems using a multi-headed microscope at the Division of Pathology, Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital for 5 years. When I entered the field of clinical pathology, there were few experienced clinical pathologists in Nagoya, so I needed the support of medical technologists for training in this field. Recently, I have been advancing my career as a clinical pathologist by offering consultations to physicians and holding a reversed clinico-pathological conference for medical technologists. It took me about 20 years to become a fully qualified pathologist. I think that a systematic curriculum for postgraduate training in anatomic pathology/clinical pathology should be indispensable to pathologists.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2002

Heritability of social anxiety-related concerns and personality characteristics: a twin study.

Negative evaluation fears figure prominently in the cognitive psychology of patients with social phobia. In this study, we examine the heritability of negative evaluation fears by using a twin sample. The authors also examine the relationships between negative evaluation fears and personality dimensions relevant to social phobia. Scores on the brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) were examined in a sample of 437 (245 monozygotic and 192 dizygotic) twin pairs. Biometrical model fitting was conducted by using standard statistical methods. Genetic and environmental correlations with personality dimensions (from the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire) were also calculated. Broad heritability estimate of the BFNE was 48%. Additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects emerged as the primary influences on negative evaluation fears. Genetic correlations between BFNE scores and the submissiveness, anxiousness, and social avoidance facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire were high (r(g) =.78 to.80). A cognitive dimension central to the phenomenology (and, perhaps, cause) of social phobia, the fear of being negatively evaluated, is moderately heritable. Moreover, the same genes that influence negative evaluation fears appear to influence a cluster of anxiety-related personality characteristics. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of cardiovascular hypertrophy on the work capacity of hypertensive patients].

Hypertensive persons with pathological ECG in rest compared with healthy persons and hypertensives with normal ECG in rest show a significantly decreased physical efficiency. In hypertensives in stage II disturbances in form of references to a stress heart insufficiency, to a stress coronary insufficiency and a circulatory dysregulation are the cause of the disturbed function of the circulation. Thus the pathological ECG in rest in the hypertensive is an important diagnostic and prognostic criterion for practice.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1992

[Surgery of varicose veins and varicose complications in a tropical country. A personal experience].

Venous pathology and its complications reach much more important dimensions in tropical countries due to temperatures, working conditions and fault of hygiene. These conditions require adaptation of the surgical treatment for varicose complication. Unfortunately, venous surgery is mostly uncommon in regions where the pathology originate an important morbidity. A personal experience is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reliability, performance characteristics, construct validity, and an initial clinical application of a visual object learning test (VOLT).

Whereas verbal learning has received considerable attention by cognitive neuropsychology, spatial object learning has been more resistant to study. The paucity of visual learning data has hampered attempts to clarify if visual learning has unique features with specialized neural substrates. In schizophrenia, severe verbal learning impairment has been established, but lack of comparable visual learning measures has thwarted the dissociation of verbal and visual abilities. The Visual Object Learning Test (VOLT) was developed to examine aspects of visual-spatial learning and memory in a manner analogous to available verbal tests. Studies were performed to establish normative performance characteristics, convergent and divergent validity, and the sensitivity of the VOLT to detection of individual differences in normal (through sex and age) and pathologic variability (through persons with schizophrenia). The results indicated excellent internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and sensitivity to the effects of aging and pathology. Persons with schizophrenia were impaired in both learning and retention. The authors conclude that memory impairment in schizophrenia may not be specific to verbal learning.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of assessment of personality disorder by patients and informants.

The present study evaluated the pathology of personality disorder in a group of 8 nonpatient volunteers and 32 psychiatric in- and outpatients, most of them suffering from substance abuse disorder. The patient self-reports were compared with the reports by 2 informants for each proband. All probands and informants completed the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Axis II Personality Questionnaire. Patient self-reports and informant reports yielded the same number of diagnoses. The diagnostic agreement between the three sets of data was generally poor; however, the concordance was slightly better between both groups of informants than between patients and informants: Median kappa were 0.13 for patients versus parents, 0.14 for patients versus brothers/sisters and 0.29 for parents versus brothers/sisters. Patient and informant evaluations represent two different assessment approaches of the personality, and a complete agreement is not to be expected.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Automatic and effortful memory processes in elderly persons with organic brain pathology.

This study investigated the automatic and effortful memory encoding model of Hasher and Zacks (1979) and the potential it may hold for aiding in the differentiation between aging-related memory decline and dementia. College students, normal elders, and dementia patients were compared on a 96-item picturebook task utilizing measures of free recall, recognition accuracy, memory for location, and memory for frequency. There were no differences between students and elders on any of the dependent measures. However, differences were found between elders and patients on each measure, and a discriminant function correctly classified the two groups with 93.3% accuracy. Subsequent discriminant analysis found patients could be correctly classified into diagnostic subgroups, i.e., dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), multi-infarct dementia (MID), and Korsakoff's disease (KD) with 80.8% accuracy. The model holds promise as a guide for clinicians who are asked to make differential diagnoses of memory-impaired individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The place of vascular pathology among suicide risk factors].

A study was made of the structure and intensity of vascular pathology in persons with completed suicides. The relation of that pathology to other risk factors was established as was the correlation between vascular pathology in different organs together with its role as a risk factor of suicides. Based on the data obtained, the system of medicosocial security of elderly patients is proposed in order to prevent suicides.

Adult↗