Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORTHODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Instructional multimedia program versus standard lecture: a comparison of two methods for teaching the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of an interactive multimedia courseware package versus standard lectures regarding knowledge, understanding, and transfer of content, as well as problem-solving skills in orthodontics. METHODS: Pre- and post-test assessments of final-year dental students (n = 26), who either used an interactive multimedia courseware package (n = 15) or attended standard lectures (n = 11) on equivalent material of the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum were carried out. Both groups were tested by written and multiple-choice questions covering knowledge, understanding, and application areas in the curriculum. A one-way anova was carried out in order to check statistical difference between the two groups. The P-value was set at 0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in prior knowledge between the groups at baseline. Generally, no significant difference was seen between the two groups in relation to answers to questions about knowledge, understanding, and application in the orthodontic curriculum. However, both groups improved their scores after the course. In one question investigating the extent of understanding the instructional content of the multidisciplinary orthodontic treatment, the multimedia courseware package group scored significantly better. CONCLUSION: In this study, the instructional interactive multimedia program was found to be at least as effective as the standard lecture of the orthodontic curriculum for undergraduate training in orthodontics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Measuring orthodontic treatment satisfaction: questionnaire development and preliminary validation.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a reliable self-report measure of consumer satisfaction with orthodontic treatment, and to preliminarily assess its validity. METHOD: Transcripts of qualitative interviews with patients, their parents, and practicing orthodontists together with items from existing dental satisfaction questionnaires were used to develop a pool of 41 items assessing satisfaction with various aspects of orthodontic care. These items were paired with five-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) and were administered to 299 parents of children who had completed orthodontic treatment at two university-based clinics. RESULTS: Factor analyses and reliability analyses identified three main subscales with high reliabilities: 13 items assessing satisfaction with treatment process (Cronbach's alpha = .92), seven items assessing satisfaction with psychosocial effects of treatment (Cronbach's alpha = .87), and five items assessing satisfaction with overall treatment outcome (Cronbach's alpha = .79). Relationships among these three subscales and pre- and posttreatment variables were examined in a subset of 86 parents/patients. Forward stepwise regression with backward overlook revealed no significant relationships between any satisfaction subscale and demographic variables. Posttreatment overjet was inversely related to parental satisfaction with orthodontic treatment process (R2 = .13; P < .001), and parent satisfaction with treatment outcome (R2 = .28; P < .0001). Improvement in esthetics as measured by improvement in IOTN Aesthetic Component scores was positively related to satisfaction with psychosocial outcomes (R2 = .28; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The present instrument is reliable and can be used to assess three dimensions of parental satisfaction with their child's orthodontic treatment. Relationships between visible orthodontic outcome variables and parent satisfaction provide preliminary validity support for the instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The use of low-tack chewing gum for individuals wearing orthodontic appliances.

A clinical study was carried out to determine the acceptability of a sugar-free, low-tack chewing gum by orthodontic patients undergoing fixed appliance treatment. Twenty-five orthodontic and 25 non-orthodontic control subjects were questioned on their preference between regular-tack and low-tack chewing gum. The orthodontic subjects showed a strong preference for the low-tack gum compared with the regular-tack gum. It was concluded that low-tack, sugar-free chewing gum can be used by orthodontic patients to increase saliva flow, with the potential to promote remineralization and help reduce white spot lesion formation related to fixed orthodontic appliances. This gum should also be of value in patients being treated for xerostomia who are wearing a partial denture.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed2002

The role of minimal intervention in orthodontics.

Less than 15% of the population develops a normal occlusion as defined by Angle in the permanent dentition. The term 'ideal' may therefore be a more appropriate description, and deviations from this esthetic and functional optimum should not be considered abnormalities in the true sense of the word. Current research indicates that few malocclusions compromise dental, periodontal or temporomandibular health. To determine whether or not protruded, irregular or maloccluded teeth merit orthodontic intervention is therefore a major challenge. Another challenge is to determine to what extent a limited treatment strategy may be successful in correcting the occlusal problems according to the perceived needs of the patients. I discuss these issues in my present communication and conclude that the major reasons for recommending orthodontic treatment are psychosocial in nature. I also conclude that the majority of the orthodontic cases require comprehensive treatment to achieve successful results. Orthodontic patients are typically satisfied with the outcome of the orthodontic intervention, reporting that the esthetic improvements and the increased functional comfort of the dentition have made significant contributions to their quality of life. Technological advances have made orthodontic treatment simpler and safer over the years. Considering the potential for long-lasting results and the low risk of iatrogenic effects if the patients comply with appropriate oral hygiene measures during active appliance therapy, I conclude that treatment of minor occlusal deviations may also be justified in subjects expressing a clearly defined subjective need for treatment.

Esthetics↗
PubMed2006

An investigation into the use of a single component self-etching primer adhesive system for orthodontic bonding: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the in vivo bond failure of the single component orthodontic self-etching primer system, Ideal 1 (GAC Orthodontic Products) and compared it with the conventional acid etching using a conventional 37% o-phosphoric acid, rinsing and drying regimen when bonding stainless steel orthodontic brackets to enamel. DESIGN: Prospective randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Orthodontic Department, Bristol Dental School. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients undergoing upper and lower fixed orthodontic treatment entered this cross-mouth control study. Diagonally opposite quadrants were randomly allocated to either the self-etching primer group or the conventional etching group. A total of 339 teeth were bonded with Ideal 1 light-cured adhesive. Bond failures and locus of bond failure were then recorded at 1, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Significantly more bond failures occurred at each of the 3 time intervals, 1, 6 and 12 months, where the enamel was pretreated with the Ideal I self-etching primer, than when the enamel was treated with the conventional etchant, 37% o-phosphoric acid. With the latter the cumulative bond failure rates were 3.0, 5.3 and 14.8%, respectively. With the self-etching primer the cumulative failure rates were 29.4, 56.5 and 72.4%. CONCLUSION: The study found that enamel pre-treatment with the Ideal 1 self-etching primer system prior to orthodontic bonding results in an unacceptably high bond failure rate when compared with conventional enamel acid etching.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1985

Future manpower requirements for orthodontics undertaken in the General Dental Service.

The fall in the number of births in England and Wales which took place between 1964 and 1977 is beginning to have an effect on the present-day demand for orthodontic treatment. Using the best available data a mathematical model has been used to predict the likely demand for orthodontic treatment in the General Dental Services of England and Wales from now until 2008. This suggests that there is likely to be a sharp decline in the number of new orthodontic patients presenting for treatment at practices limited to orthodontics during the next 5 years. The recent expansion in the number of places available for postgraduate study of orthodontics makes it extremely unlikely that the position will improve significantly thereafter. There can be little doubt that we are now producing too many orthodontic specialists even allowing for the increase in manpower which might be required to satisfy a future demand for higher standards of treatment.

Dentists↗
PubMed1992

The joint response of the British Orthodontic Societies to the Nuffield Inquiry into Personnel Auxiliary to Dentistry.

1. Improving standards of dental health and greater awareness amongst the general public of the potential of dental treatment, including orthodontics have led to an increase in the number of patients seeking orthodontic advice. Yet there are insufficient orthodontists in Britain to meet the population's present need for orthodontic treatment. Moreover, the improved results expected from patients and professionals has led to an increase in the use of fixed appliances, which are more demanding of orthodontists' time. Despite attempts to rationalise treatment provision, the present number of British orthodontists remain unable to meet the need for treatment. This is indicated by the length of waiting lists in all branches of the service. Since there are no plans to expand the orthodontic profession, the present discrepancy between need for treatment and provision of treatment will not be resolved in the foreseeable future. 2. The orthodontic societies support the development of existing training programmes, career pathways and salary structures for dental surgery assistants, dental therapists, hygienists and technicians. Suitable courses need to be developed for people who have had a career break and wish to return to work. New courses also need to be designed for people entering training programmes in later life from a variety of backgrounds. Funds need to be identified in order to provide continuing education for all grades of ancillaries. 3. The development of a 'post basic' Training Course in Orthodontics for qualified dental surgery assistants is commended. A nationally approved certificate of training should be given to those who successfully complete a recognised course.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dental Auxiliaries↗
PubMed1982

Some aspects of orthodontic specialist practice in the United Kingdom.

A questionnaire sent to orthodontic specialist practitioners provided information about the nature of specialist practice, the training of specialist practitioners and the patterns of treatment within orthodontic practices. Specialists are now undergoing more extensive postgraduate training and the use of fixed appliances is increasing. General dental practitioners are referring larger numbers of patients to orthodontic specialist practitioners. Several factors will soon be operating to encourage a raising of treatment standards in British orthodontics, namely a falling birth rate, an increased interest in dentistry by the general public and the availability of an increased number of well-trained orthodontic specialist practitioners. Some form of official recognition for the specialist practitioner role is now desirable whilst the historical model for delivery of orthodontic care defined at the inception of the National Health Service in in urgent need of revision.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Aspartate aminotransferase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment. A controlled short-term longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves an acute inflammatory response, with a sequence characterized by periods of activation, resorption, reversal, and formation in both tension and compression sites. This study used a longitudinal design to examine aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in order to assess whether AST in GCF has potential as a possible diagnostic aid to monitor tooth movement and tissue response during orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Eighteen patients (mean age, 16.1 years) participated in the study. An upper first molar from each patient undergoing treatment for distal movement served as the test tooth (TT), with its contralateral (CC) and antagonist (AC) first molars used as controls. The CC was included in the orthodontic appliance, but was not subjected to the orthodontic force; the AC was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was collected from both mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance activation, 1 hour after, and weekly over the following 4 weeks. Clinical gingival condition was evaluated at baseline and at the end of the experimental period. AST activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 30 degrees C, and the results were expressed as total AST activity (mU/sample). RESULTS: Throughout the experiment, AST levels were significantly elevated in all sites from the TT and CC groups compared to the AC group where, conversely, AST activity remained at the baseline level. However, enzyme levels in the TT group were significantly greater than in the CCs at tension sites on day 14, and in compression sites on days 7 and 14. Moreover, AST activity from the TT group was significantly greater in compression sites than in tension sites on day 7; this was not observed for the CCs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AST levels in GCF reflect the biological activity which occurs in the periodontium during controlled occlusal trauma and, therefore, should be further evaluated as a diagnostic tool for monitoring correct orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Lactate dehydrogenase activity in human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment: a controlled, short-term longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory one. This study uses a longitudinal design to examine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to determine if GCF LDH can be used as a diagnostic aid in monitoring tooth movement and tissue response during orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Seventeen patients (mean age: 16.1 years) participated in the study. Each patient was undergoing treatment for distal movement, and an upper first molar served as the test tooth (TT), while the contralateral (CT) and antagonist (AT) teeth were used as controls. The CT was included in the orthodontic appliance, but was not subjected to the distal movement; the AT was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was harvested from both mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance activation, and on days 7, 14, and 21. Clinical gingival conditions were also recorded. RESULTS: Gingival crevicular fluid LDH activity was significantly elevated in all sites of the TT and CT, as compared to the AT, where LDH activity remained at the baseline level throughout the study. Enzyme activity levels were also greater in the TT than in the CT, and in the compression sites. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that GCF LDH levels reflect the biological activity that takes place in the periodontium during orthodontic movement, and therefore they can be used as a diagnostic tool for monitoring for correct orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Orthodontic treatment in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Report of a combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment in a patient with Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS). METHODS: A patient with PLS was treated orthodontically 26 months after the start of a combined mechanical and antibiotic therapy. Clinical periodontal parameters were obtained 26 (t1), 60 (t2), and 79 (t3) months after anti-infective therapy. The deepest site of each tooth was sampled for microbiological analysis at 26 and 60 months. Periodontal maintenance therapy was provided every 6 weeks. After a stable periodontal situation was achieved, orthodontic treatment, consisting of space opening for the upper canines with a multibracket appliance and coil springs, was carried out. In the lower jaw, crowding was resolved by an orthodontic mesialization of the canines. RESULTS: Twenty-six months (t1) after the beginning of the combined mechanical and antibiotic therapy, 6% of the sites exhibited 4 mm probing depth (PD) with bleeding on probing (BOP) or PD > or =5 mm. Sixty months (t2) after therapy the number of sites with 4 mm PD with BOP or PD > or =5 mm had increased to 17%, and 79 months after therapy (t3) 13% of all sites were similarly affected. From 26 to 60 months, a slight mean clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was observed, whereas the mean PD increased. From 60 to 79 months, there was a mean PD reduction. However, a significant mean attachment loss was also noted. After 26 months (t1), RNA probes failed to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, or T. forsythensis from any site. Thirty-four months later (t2), subgingival recolonization was observed. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected by RNA probes at three sites. At 26 and 60 months (t1, t2), trypticase-soy with serum, bacitracin, and vancomycin (TSBV) culture failed to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans at any of the sampled sites. Eighty-two months after the beginning of therapy (t4), none of the applied methods could detect A. actinomycetemcomitans from the pooled samples from the deepest pockets of each quadrant or the oral mucosa. In the present case, concomitant orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance could be performed without further pronounced periodontal deterioration. Space for eruption of the canines and premolars was created, in addition to an alignment of the teeth. CONCLUSION: After a successful combined mechanical and antibiotic periodontal therapy of the PLS periodontitis, moderate orthodontic tooth movements may be possible within a complex interdisciplinary treatment regimen.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1997

Monitoring the caries risk of orthodontic patients.

Several caries activity tests were used to investigate the caries risk of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Twenty young individuals, with a mean age of 11 years, participated in this study. Ten subjects were free of any orthodontic appliances and formed the control group. The other 10 individuals had been wearing fixed orthodontic appliances for at least 4 months. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained from all patients. Saliva samples were used to investigate the salivary flow rate, the salivary buffer capacity, and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts. The orthodontic patients exhibited a significant increase in salivary flow rate. Results of statistical analyses were nonsignificant in all other tests, suggesting that fixed orthodontic appliances are not the sole factor increasing the patient's caries risk during orthodontic treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Temporomandibular disorders and mandibular function in relation to Class II malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. A controlled, prospective and longitudinal study.

The relationship between orthodontic treatment and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was studied prospectively and longitudinally in 65 adolescent girls with Class II malocclusion. The subjects received orthodontic fixed appliance treatment with the straight-wire technique combined with or without extractions and were examined for symptoms and signs of TMD before, during, after, and finally one year post-treatment. Both symptoms and signs of TMD showed considerable fluctuations over the three-year period within the individuals. The general tendency was a decreased prevalence of symptoms of TMD over the three years. The prevalence of pain on mandibular movement and tenderness to palpation of the masticatory muscles was significantly less common during and after orthodontic treatment than before. Clinically registered TMJ clicking increased slightly over the three year period. One orthodontic treatment effect when normalizing Class II malocclusions with fixed appliances was a decreased prevalence of functional occlusal interferences. We concluded that the orthodontic treatment either with or without tooth extractions did not increase the risk for TMD or worsen pre-existing signs of TMD. Subjects with Class II malocclusion and pre-treatment signs of TMD of muscular origin seemed rather to benefit functionally from orthodontic treatment in a three-year perspective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Computer-animated comparison of self-perception with actual profiles of orthodontic and nonorthodontic subjects.

To determine if motivation for adult orthodontic treatment is influenced by self-perception, a computer morphing program was developed to animate discrete digitized photographs of facial profiles. It was hypothesized that orthodontic patients are less tolerant of variations in their profiles than nonorthodontic patients. Sixteen orthodontic and 14 nonorthodontic adult patients were presented with animated distortions of 5 features of the lower third of their own profiles. They were asked to identify the zone of acceptability in the changing profile and to indicate the single most pleasing distortion and their perceived and preferred profiles, for comparison with their actual profile. Although orthodontic subjects did not differ from nonorthodontic subjects in the zone of acceptability of their own profiles, they were less tolerant (smaller zone of acceptability) of variation in features of a standard control face. Orthodontic subjects, however, had a larger disparity between the most pleasing and at least one feature of their actual profile than did the nonorthodontic subjects. Orthodontic and nonorthodontic subjects were equally accurate in their ability to identify their own profile features. This unique method of measuring self-perception offers the clinician the advantage of providing a dynamic range rather than a single point of acceptable change to the patient. Moreover, this interactive computer program will enable patients to actively participate in treatment planning decisions by communicating preferences for variations in facial profile distortions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of orthodontic treatment on the shape of upper dental arch of patients after surgical operation of cleft lip and palate].

Occlusal casts were measured and analysed in the following groups: orthodontic group(9 subjects treated orthodonticly after surgical operation of the cleft lip and palate), untreated group (10 subjects untreated orthodonticly after surgical operation), normal group(10 young subjects with normal occlusion). The results were that the upper dental arch length and width increased evidently (P < 0.01) in the orthodontic group and almost returned to normal; in contrast, the upper dental arch length and width were inhibited in the untreated group; there were significant differences among the normal occlusion group, the orthodontic group, and untreated group (P < 0.01). The results suggest that during the period of growth and development, the shape of the upper dental arch of the patients can be evidently improved by the orthodontic treatment after the surgical operation of cleft lip and palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders before, during and after orthodontic treatment.

The relationship between orthodontic treatment and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was studied prospectively and longitudinally in 65 adolescent girls with Class II malocclusion. The subjects received orthodontic fixed appliance treatment with the straight-wire technique combined with or without extractions and were examined for symptoms and signs of TMD before, during, after, and finally one year post-treatment. Both symptoms and signs of TMD showed considerable fluctuations over the three-year period within the individuals. The general tendency was a decreased prevalence of symptoms of TMD over the three years. The prevalence of pain on mandibular movement and tenderness to palpation of the masticatory muscles was significantly less common during and after orthodontic treatment than before. Clinically registered TMJ clicking increased slightly over the three year period. One orthodontic treatment effect when normalizing Class II malocclusions with fixed appliances was a decreased prevalence of functional occlusal interferences. We concluded that the orthodontic treatment either with or without tooth extractions did not increase the risk for TMD or worsen pre-treatment signs of TMD. Subjects with Class II malocclusion and pre-treatment signs of TMD of muscular origin seemed rather to benefit functionally from orthodontic treatment in a three-year perspective.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Outcome of a scheme for specialist orthodontic care.

With the purpose of examining the outcome of specialist orthodontic care on a population level (Halland, Sweden), a random sample of previously treated 19-year-olds (n=118) was clinically examined and interviewed. Thirty-three per cent of the cohort (n=1554) had received treatment, and mean treatment time was 19 months requiring 20 visits. Changes in occlusion were assessed using the PAR Index applied to dental study casts representing the pre- and post-treatment and follow-up (19 years) condition. The subjects' responses to questions addressing their past and present attitudes to dental appearance and orthodontic treatment were combined to represent "orthodontic concern", at the pre-treatment stage and at 19 years of age. A mean reduction in weighted PAR scores of 83% was observed from pre-treatment to post-treatment, whereas at follow-up, the net improvement was 69%. A significant shift in attitudes was observed, as 72% of the individuals expressed orthodontic concern pre-treatment compared to less than 10% at 19 years. The improvement obtained was similar to other studies on outcome of orthodontic treatment provided by specialist orthodontists. Compared to most PAR-studies providing information about orthodontic services, the present scheme appeared to be efficient on the assumption that duration of treatment and number of visits are expressions of costs.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Web-based orthodontic instruction and assessment.

Orthodontic records-study models, panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, and the patient's facial and intraoral photographs-are used to collect data to establish a diagnosis and to develop problem-solution lists. These records, however, can be damaged or lost when dispensed to students and need to be stored and maintained every year. An orthodontic diagnosis web site, therefore, has been set up using digital records to provide students with an accessible source of complete, good-quality study materials. The web site is also used for clinical examination in orthodontic courses. The effectiveness of the web-based digital records in providing relevant information to students in comparison to the traditional records was evaluated by a randomized controlled trial involving ninety-nine second-year dental students. One group (fifty students) studied two cases from the web site; the other group (forty-nine students) studied the same two cases from traditional orthodontic records. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing test scores and the time spent on the tests by t-statistics. There were no significant differences between means for the two study groups in test performance or time. Attitudes of students toward the web site, assessed from post-test questionnaires, were positive. It was concluded that web-based digital orthodontic records were as effective in teaching clinical orthodontic diagnosis as were conventional records.

Attitude↗