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PubMedDate not supplied

[Amniotic membrane utilization in ophthalmological surgical procedures].

The amniotic membrane, which is the innermost layer of the fetal membranes, is composed of a single layer of epithelial cells that lie on a basement membrane, and of a non-vascular collagenous stroma. These three components give the amniotic membrane its beneficial properties. The first therapeutic application of the amniotic membrane was in 1910, when it was used in skin transplantation. Thereafter, it was used in surgical procedures related to the abdomen, genitourinary tract and to the head and neck. In ophthalmology, De Roth, in 1940, was the first to use the amniotic membrane for conjunctival reconstruction. However, it was only in 1995 that publications on the subject started appearing again, when Tseng and many others began using the amniotic membrane again in the treatment of ocular surface (cornea and conjunctiva) diseases. In cases of total stem cell deficiency, amniotic membrane transplantation has been shown to be very useful when used in conjunction with limbal autografts or allografts. At this stage, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the real potential of the amniotic membrane in the treatment of different ocular surface (and other) disorders, and its exact mechanism(s) of action. This will help establish the applications of such treatment in medicine, in general, and in ophthalmology, in particular.

Amnion↗
PubMed2005

Somatostatin-related therapeutics in ophthalmology: a review.

Somatostatin and its derivatives have been predominantly studied and succesfully used in endocrinological diseases. This article reviews the rationale of the use of somatostatin and its derivatives in ophthalmology based on current understanding of its action in the eye and summarizes previously published controlled studies and case series. The article points out future possible applications. Larger randomised controlled studies are necessary to confirm its current and future use. New ways of application could facilitate its broader use in ophthalmology.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2006

Community ophthalmology--an approach including tentative strategic interventions in brief.

Community ophthalmology is based mainly on the principles of primary healthcare approach with active community involvement and participation, focus on prevention, equity of distribution of resources, involvement of correct and recent technological procedures and integrated multisectoral approach. In our country National Programme for Control of Blindness was launched in 1976. Community ophthalmology programme can play definitely a great role there.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

Yugoslav Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmological Society (1926-1935)--the first professional association of Croatian neurologists.

From 1926 to 1935 in Zagreb was active the Yugoslav Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmological Society, professional association of otorhinolaryngologists, neurologists and ophthalmologists. Although it was conceived as Yugoslav, its members were mainly Croatian specialists of these disciplines. The Society had 74 members, of whom 14 were neurologists: J. Breitenfeld, D. Cop, I. Glavan, I. Herzog, A. Kuljzenko, D. Karminski, M. Lapinskij, R. Lopasić, H. Ortyński, V. Ostrovidov, F. Palmović, S. Poljak and D. Vranesić, all of them from Zagreb, and J. Robida from Ljubljana. The first president of the Society was M. Lapinskij, head of the Neuropsychiatric Department in Zagreb. In the journal "Lijecnicki vjesnik" the work of the Society at 41 professional meetings was registered at which 29 neurological lectures and demonstrations were held. During 10 years of its activities the Society give a significant impulse to the development of neurology, otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology in Croatia. In 1937 a separate Neurophysiological Section was founded with in the Croatian Medical Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The applications of informatics in ophthalmology].

The paper reports on the applications of information science in Romania in ophthalmology, and mainly in glaucoma, in the diagnosis of: degenerative affections of the fundus oculi, uveitis, strabismus, in functional exploration of the chromatic sense, ergo-ophthalmology, pupillary reflex and forms of the pupil, etc. The Romanian made computers Felix, Independent, Coral, Cobra, etc. were used.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1991

[Professor Jules François Memorial Lecture. Code of ethics and its practice in ophthalmology].

Several Articles are shown from the code of ophthalmological ethics written by late Professor Jules François. Some examples found in the history of ophthalmological practice that complied with these articles are demonstrated. In the modern society with aging population, ophthalmic surgery must be done with great care; long-term prognosis should always be taken into consideration for the patients to be able to maintain high quality of life throughout their life-span. To achieve this, meticulous and continuous care of patients by means of best possible noninvasive techniques must be exercised and this is a conscience of ophthalmologists.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

[The accuracy of ophthalmological measurements].

Main principals of metrology of measurement being conducted in research studies and in practice of ophthalmologists are stated. Characteristics of casual and systematic errors are described and their causes explained. Concrete measures for increasing the accuracy of ophthalmologic measurements are proposed: coordination of works in research institutes and chairs of ophthalmological profile and metrologic organizations of the state standard on metrologic provision; publication of papers devoted to the methods of treatment of measurement results; introduction of foundations of metrology into the program of education for refreshment courses of physicians-ophthalmologists.

Ophthalmology↗
PubMed1990

[The current status and prospects for using the method of photoelasticity in ophthalmology].

The paper analyses results after a study of a complex of questions connected with the method of photoresiliency in ophthalmology. The notion about the nature of a strained-deformed state of the cornea, regularities in formation of a photoresilient picture are discussed on the grounds of experiments on eye biomechanics, a study of optic transformation of polarized light, calculations and mathematic simulation. The paper describes a calculation-experimental method for measuring the tensions acting in the cornea, deciphering of isochrome and isocuneiform fields, data on the usage of computers for automatic treatment and analysis of images. On a great group of clinical observations the practical value of the method is shown and perspectives of its further study conformably to the tasks of research studies and practical ophthalmology are determined.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Some problems in organization and optimal work flow of an ophthalmologic clinic for children].

The paper presents data characterizing the reconstruction of work in a children ophthalmological hospital concerning perfection and optimization of medical diagnostic process. Questions on principles of organization of work medical institutions on economic-calculation basis are submitted to discussion. The authors consider that a system of averaged assessment of a hospital-bed cost doesn't provide favourable conditions for work in associations where new progressive methods of examination and treatment of patients are assimilated. It is proposed by means of joined efforts of different associations to work out and submit to discussion an operative mechanism of material security for progressive development of Soviet ophthalmology.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Ophthalmology according to Aetius Amidenus.

The authors analyze the diseases described in the chapter 'Concerning the maladies of the eye' by the outstanding Byzantine author Aetius Amidenus. Where possible, the authors try to compare the medical ideas of Aetius with the up-to-date nosologic entities. To give a more comprehensive analysis, the authors try to complete the classification of diseases on an anatomic basis, following in most of the points that of Aetius. The ophthalmological diseases are classified as follows: a) eye-lids; b) cornea; c) sclera and conjunctiva; d) anterior chamber, iris and lens; e) lacrymal ducts; f) disturbances of the vision; and g) various others. The authors emphasize that the seventh chapter (Z' logos) constitutes a significant ophthalmologic manual, containing almost all the pertinent knowledge of that time.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The electronic computer in ophthalmology].

The present paper is an introduction to and information about information processing, the principal notions and mains of approach in ophthalmology. Part one is dedicated to a general presentation of computers, and information processing, giving details about the equipment, operating systems and programmes, data bases and their structure. Part two presents different aspects of the information processing involved in ophthalmology. The following applications are discussed: beginning by simple data collection and evidence for medical purposes, statistical processing, bibliography classification, teaching, continuing with problems of diagnosis and therapeutical decisions, as well as the application of medical robots and computer assistance for specific functional explorations.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmological lore in the Corpus Hippocraticum.

In this paper we examine the ophthalmological knowledge of the Hippocratic School as described in the Corpus Hippocraticum. An analysis is made of knowledge existing at the time concerning the anatomy of the eye and the physiology of vision, as well a diseases of the eye and ophthalmic surgical operations as depicted in the Corpus. In particular, the book "About Vision" from the Corpus Hippocraticum is discussed in detail. From our study of the extant texts it becomes apparent that not only was knowledge of ophthalmology considerably developed in the time of Hippocrates but it constituted a source of inspiration for ophthalmic treatments carried out by later physicians and in particular by those of the 19th century.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Ranking clinical problems and ocular diseases in ophthalmology: an innovative approach to curriculum design.

The MD program of the Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., has used a problem-based, self-directed, small-group learning approach to medical education since 1969. Substantial curriculum revision was begun in 1983 as part of a process of institutional renewal. A faculty survey of all academic clinicians in the Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, was carried out in 1984 to determine which problems and diseases the teaching faculty thought had the highest priority for student learning. The results have been used by educational planners in revising the curriculum. They have also served to clarify faculty members' expectations of students within an ophthalmology rotation.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1988

The use of Part I National Board scores in the selection of residents in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.

A survey of ophthalmology and otolaryngology residency program directors was conducted to determine the extent to which National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part I scores are used in selection of residents in these highly competitive specialty fields. Results from 218 completed questionnaires representing nearly 90% of all US ophthalmology and otolaryngology/head and neck surgery programs were analyzed. More than three fourths indicated that Part I NBME scores were used in selecting residents; more than half of the programs used these scores as a means to determine whom to interview. The direct use of NBME scores in the residency application process is widespread; however, such use of NBME scores is not consistent with the purposes of the National Board. The preeminent role of the faculty in the evaluation of medical students and in the assessment of their clinical competence needs emphasis.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1986

[The ophthalmologic examination in psychiatry].

A 20-year experience of an ophthalmologist at a mental hospital, and the results of examination of over 2500 patients show an important role of ophthalmological examination in psychiatry. It is of definite help in the diagnosis of organic pathology of the brain, an indirect assessment of the status of the cerebral vessels, the conduction of clinico-genetic investigations, therapeutic and rehabilitation help to patients and control of side effects of psychotropic therapy on the eye. The psychic status of patients and the frequency of functional visual disturbances in them require the employment of a number of specific methods of ophthalmological examination. This calls for the obtaining of modern equipment for the ophthalmologist's room at a mental hospital as well as for specialized training of eye specialists working there.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1978

[Ophthalmological themes in baroqueiconography in north-west Croatia (author's transl)].

The northwest Croatia is distinguished through valuable master-pieces of exuberant baroque art. Cultural comprehensions and spirit of time are registered in numerous sacred and profane monuments of art. It is also understandable, that actualities of medicine are reflected in art, too. Small and big plastic-arts, pictures and frescoes are iconographic material of what ophthalmological themes we try to analyse to conceive knowledges about health and sick eyes in that time, about regional pathology and social aspects of eye diseases, also thus to get to learn ophthalmological problems of that time.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1986

[Conservative treatment of tumors of the retina at the Curie Institute. 5-year ophthalmologic results of 129 cases treated with the Stallard disc and electrons].

The authors report a retrospective study of 129 children with retino-blastoma treated from 1963 to 1977 at the Institute Curie by enucleation of the worst eye and conservative irradiation of the other eye; this irradiation was performed either with Stallard plaque (19 cases) or with electrons (110 cases). In 8 familial cases no enucleation was performed. T.E.M. was used from 1964 to 1973 and iterative photocoagulation has been performed since 1968. Five years absolute NED survival rate was 68% (88/129 children). In these 88 children, 94 eyes were irradiated. Ophthalmological results were as follows: 21 eyes were enucleate secondarily (20/21 were tumoral); the attempt of ocular conservation was succeeded in 78% of the cases: 73 of the 94 irradiated eyes were cured; among these 73 cured eyes, 4 had complications and 15 had sequelae; the others 54 eyes were normal; only 5 eyes escaped ophthalmological survey; for the other 68 eyes vision was evaluated: 2 eyes (3%) were functional but vision could not be measured; 10 (14%) had less than 1/10 of visual acuity; 14 (19%) had vision at least equal to 1/10 but less than 5/10; 42 (57%) had 5/10 or more. 62% of all irradiated eyes (58/94) and 79% of conservated eyes (58/73) had "useful vision". Results are discussed and compared with these published by other teams; the authors try to determine elements of visual prognosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Ophthalmological anaesthesia in old age; 120 cases (author's transl)].

AMong 149 old ophthalmological patients over 70 years old, 29 patients did not undergo a general anaesthesia. The other 120 patients underwent 148 operations under general anaesthesia. The anaesthetic techniques came from neuroleptanalgesia. The results are quite good from a surgical view/point so that now we don't to refuse old people for an ophthalmological surgery under general anaesthesia any longer.

Age Factors↗