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493 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). A century later].

An overview of the amazing series of successive and diverse items worked on by the chemist and physicist Pasteur starts with the asymmetry of paratartrates, switches over to the fermentations and ends in the fight against diseases of invertebrates and vertebrates, including man. It is the wonderful story of an exceptional contribution to the advancement of knowledge, which was made possible by his keen observation skill, his rigorous and innovative methods and his careful judgement. A retrospective analysis of the inner man may impair somewhat the fame of Pasteur. He was a lonely man, in need of solitude to be able to make full use of his thinking capacity, foreboding secretiveness and shrewdness , which are contradictory to his careful writing down day after day of all the details of his thinking and research in his notebooks by now available to the scientific community. He was furthermore selfish, domineering, inflexible, impulsive and inclined to engage in endless controversies. But on the contrary his motivation to accept new assignments was subordinate to their public welfare value and as a rule he endeavoured to work on the problems in the field and in association with those concerned. He was courageous when struck by a cerebral hemorrhage at middle age, so that its aftermath hardly hampered his research activities. The dimness cast on his personality is not up to his pioneer role within a general conservative climate among the medical and even scientific profession, antagonistic to innovation. Pasteur has been a founder of stereochemistry, microbiology and its applications, immunology, bacterial vaccines, pasteurisation and a promotor of prevention and hygiene. These overwhelming achievements justify to keep alive the recognition of the outstanding stature of Pasteur.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of amount, expenditures and indications of drug and blood product prescriptions at surgical intensive care units.

Analysis of indication-related drug prescription patterns is of particular interest with regard to rising costs of the health service being also reflected in higher expenditures for drugs at the University Hospital of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. This is especially important at ICU's, since treatments in patients with acute or chronic multiorgan failure are very expensive. Over a period of 4 months in 1994 the indication-related drug consumption of 2 surgical ICU's of the University of Jena has been recorded and analyzed using a notebook-PC. The total costs of these drugs and blood products, which caused 80% of total costs in the last year, came up to 1,144,773 DM for 465 patients. Nearly two thirds of the recorded expenditures were caused in patients with severe trauma or with acute bleeding. The 10 leading substances (antithrombin III, human albumin 20%, prothrombine complex, etc.) represent 67% of total costs including blood products, antibiotics/antimycotics and IgM enriched intravenous immunoglobulines. Therefore, the indications of these drugs in particular have been further investigated. During and after the study the results have been discussed with the treating medical staff leading to new therapy recommendations. Until the end of 1994 a remarkable cost saving could already be achieved for some drugs by more critical and purposeful use providing same high standard of medical treatment. Blood products have to be included into analyses of indication-related drug administration on the meaning of high costs, difficulties of accurate indication, and possibly undesired side-effects. However, medical and ethical aspects, e.g. minimizing of side-effects, have to take priority over pharmacoeconomical considerations especially in intensive care medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[What can we do for cancer patients with pain to go home].

When patients suffering from cancer pain wish to stay at home, the most important condition is to relieve the cancer pain. But it is not enough; decreasing the fear of pain is another important problem. From these viewpoints, we have tried to assist these patients to go home. In this paper we report two cases of 61-year-old and 57-year-old women with severe leg pain caused by pelvic recurrence of cancer of the uterus and rectum. At first, we needed high doses of morphine by intravenous administration all day long. To control their mental condition, we talked personally with them to understand their distress and asked them to put in writing anything about their anxiety in a special notebook. After that, we advised them on how to use anodyne, how to deal with side effects of the drugs and how to use various social services in their home. Then, after their cancer pain was controlled by radiotherapy and appropriate anodyne, they overcame their anxiety and at last they could go home.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Quality control in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Comparative study in 2 primary care centers].

UNLABELLED: Diabetes Mellitus is a health problem of grave importance. It is of fundamental concern that the patient assumes the principle responsibility for his treatment under the direction of a health care team, particularly nursing personnel. Presented here is a comparative study of recorded clinical histories from two primary care centers (Ambulatory/Health Care Center) of patients with diagnoses of NIDDM. The histories were chosen by simple random sample. The calculations of the sample were performed by the EPIINFO computer program with the following results: AMBULATORY: Population size: 683; 95% Level of Confidence; SAMPLE SIZE: 246 histories. HEALTH CARE CENTER: Population size: 224; 95% Level of Confidence; Calculated SAMPLE SIZE: 141 histories. The design is based on R. Heather Palmer's cycle of guaranteed quality, as well as the classification of Donabedian and the consensus of the nursing teams from the two centers regarding criteria of quality. Thus, a comparison was made between what was recorded and what should have been done. The obtained results point out a significant difference between the Ambulatory Clinic and the Health Care Center. Of major interest is the difference in the HbA1 levels (19.1 Health Care Center/0.4 Ambulatory) as well as the self evaluation notebooks (33% Health Care Center/0.8% Ambulatory).

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of a registration card for logging electrocardiographic records into standard personal computers].

BACKGROUND: The MS200 Cardioscope, from MRT Micro as., Norway, is a 12 channel ECG card to be directly inserted into a standard personal computer (PC). The standard ISA Bus compatible half length card comes with a set of 10 cables with electrodes and the software for recording, displaying and saving ECG signals. The system is supplied with DOS or Windows software. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the affordability and usability of the MS200 in a clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested the 1.5 DOS version of the software. In 30 patients with various cardiac diseases the ECG signal has been recorded with MS200 and with standard Hellige CardioSmart equipment. The saved ECGs were recalled and printed using an Epson Stylus 800 ink-jet printer. Two cardiologists reviewed the recordings for a looking at output quality, amplitude and speed precision, artifacts, etc. RESULTS: 1) Installation: the card has proven to be totally compatible with the hardware; no changes in default settings had to be made. 2) Usage: the screens are clear; the commands and menus are intuitive and easy to use. Due to the boot-strap and software loading procedures and, most important, off-line printing, the time needed to obtain a complete ECG printout has been longer than that of the reference machine. 3) Archiving and retrieval of ECG: the ECG curves can be saved in original or compressed form: selecting the latter, the noise and non-ECG information is filtered away and the space consumption on disk is reduced: on average, 20 Kb are needed for 10 seconds of signal. The MS200 can be run on a Local Area Network and is prepared for integrating with an existing informative system: we are currently testing the system in this scenery. 4) MS200 includes options for on-line diagnosis, a technology we have not tested in the present work. 5) The only setting allowed for printing full pages is letter size (A4): the quality of printouts is good, with a resolution of 180 DPI. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the MS200 system seems reliable and safe. In the configuration we tested, it cannot substitute a dedicated ECG equipment: from this point of view, a smaller PCMCIA-type card with a battery-operated notebook PC will be more suitable for clinical uses. Nevertheless, the possibility to log and track ECG records, integrated into the department informative system, may provide a valuable tool for improving access to medical information.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Numeric case report: realization and practical utilization in cardiovascular research].

The reliability of trials in clinical research is principally conditioned by the quality of the conception, the realization and the data recording in the hypothesis of pertinent trials with an adequate methodology. The author describes the application in the cardiovascular domain, the realization and the use of numeric Case Report Forms DCRF working with a 'notebook' microcomputer and easy to use software which allows the conduct of quality clinical trials in accordance with good clinical practice. The numeric CRF is a tool to monitor in real time the data from trials (ongoing data trials) and ensures the continuity from the investigator site to the statistical department. An example of realization of a phase III multicentre clinical study is presented to evaluate the efficacy of two antihypertensive calcium-channel blockers.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1998

The good, the bad and the ugly. Association between car colour and bicycle passing space.

OBJECTIVE: Because anecdotal evidence indicates that the behaviour of cars (and their drivers) with respect to bicycles is highly variable, this study was undertaken to determine whether car colour correlates with the space allowed by the driver for passing a bicycle. DESIGN: Randomized recollection. SETTING: The streets of Vancouver and Burnaby, BC. PARTICIPANTS: The author, her bike, lots of cars and a few transit buses. METHODS: For a 10-day period in the summer of 1998, the investigator attempted, while cycling, to remember car colours and associated behaviours until she reached her various destinations. Data were eventually recorded in a tattered spiral-bound notebook saved from university days. OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of cars in 2 categories: "good" (those that gave extra space to cyclists) and "bad" (those that didn't). RESULTS: Read the article to find out. CONCLUSION: Although there was a slightly greater chance that a passing car would give a cyclist extra space, riders should be especially cautious when they catch sight of white and maroon vehicles.

Automobile Driving↗