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PubMed1988

Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). Part II. Planning and implementing integrated information services. Integration and outreach: Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) at Maryland.

The University of Maryland Campus for the Professions is now realizing the first benefits of integrated academic information management systems (IAIMS). With the support of the National Library of Medicine, the information Resources Management Division has joined with the Health Sciences Library to plan and to implement change. Within the information utility concept, networked data communications and end-user computing function as the means to integration. Plans call for new 370-based software to extend system capabilities. Mechanisms for outreach ensure that the potential of integration is realized. These mechanisms include technology assisted learning centers, informatics program development, special programs (geriatrics, hypertension pilot), and new applications (conferencing system, voice mail, videodisc development, interinstitutional resource sharing).

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

On the Hopfield Neural Networks and Mean Field Theory.

In this paper, we analyse mathematically the relationship between the mean field theory network (MFT) model and the continuous-time Hopfield neural network by the use of the theory of dynamical systems. This MFT model, which is obtained by applying the mean field approximation to the Boltzmann machine, is a discrete-time recurrent neural network. We prove that the set of asymptotically stable fixed points of the asynchronous MFT model coincides with the set of asymptotically stable equilibria of the continuous-time Hopfield neural network. Therefore, it is shown that the asynchronous MFT model is equivalent to the Hopfield neural network on the nature of the fixed points (or equilibria). Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-mediated distributed learning. An innovative program design in midwifery education.

The State University of New York, Stony Brook (SUNY-SB) Pathways to Midwifery Program offers a distributed learning curriculum that is unique among American nurse-midwifery education programs. The Pathways to Midwifery Program provides asynchronic, computer-mediated instruction. Community-based faculty coordinate, supervise, and evaluate the clinical education of students. The SUNY-SB model offers an opportunity to increase dramatically the number of students who can receive the curriculum. It also provides distinct advantages in maintaining a curriculum database that reflects rapidly changing clinical science and that takes advantage of vast educational resources available through related computer networks. By creating a classroom without walls, the program is cost-effective.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

AOAC validation of qualitative and quantitative methods for microbiology in foods. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.

The purpose of AOAC International is promoting quality measurements and methods validation in the analytical sciences. The actual work of developing and testing methods is done by a network of AOAC members and volunteers. Validation of the methods is established by the AOAC Official Methods Program. The objective of this program is to provide analytical methods for which performance characteristics have been validated to the highest degree of confidence through an independent, multiple laboratory collaborative study. The performance characteristics for quantitative microbiological methods include repeatability, reproducibility and critical relative difference, while the characteristics for qualitative methods are sensitivity and specificity. The Official Methods Program is illustrated by a practical example of a collaborative study through which salmonella detection by motility enrichment on Modified Semi-solid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium was adopted as an Official Method.

Food Microbiology↗
PubMed2001

Classification of hybrid crows in quail using artificial neural networks.

In galliforms, calls are strongly determined genetically and no influence of learning has ever been demonstrated. Hybridization is a useful tool for investigating patterns of heritability. The vocal repertoire of the European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) and of the Japanese quail (C. c. japonica) are similar except for their crows. The European quail possesses two forms of crows and the Japanese quail only one form. We produced hybrids from the following crosses; F(1), F(2) and backcrosses. Visual analysis of spectrograms showed that hybrid crows presented all intermediaries between the three forms of crows produced by the two subspecies. According to the level of analysis of a crow, visual classifications of spectrograms probably include some subjectivity. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are now widely used as a powerful classification technique in behavioural sciences. We trained an ANN to recognize the three crows of the two subspecies. Then we analysed its classification of hybrid crows. The ANN revealed important inter-individual variability between the crows of the F(1) and the F(2) crosses. Birds issued from backcrosses produced crows similar to those of the European quail to which they were backcrossed. This study confirms that ANN is a useful tool to classify spectrograms rapidly.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

A transdisciplinary focus on drug abuse prevention: an introduction.

This article introduces the scope of the Special Issue. A variety of scientific disciplines are brought together to establish theoretical integration of the arenas of drug use, misuse, "abuse," and drug misuse prevention. Transdisciplinary scientific collaboration (TDSC) is utilized as a process of integration. Introductory comments regarding the strengths and limitations of TDSC are presented. Then, the relevance of genetics to substance misuse and substance misuse prevention is presented. Next, the relevance of cognition for prevention is discussed. Specifically, neurologically plausible distinctions in cognition and implicit cognition and their relevance for prevention are discussed. At a relatively molar social-level of analysis, social network theory, systems dynamic models, geographic information systems models, cultural psychology, and political science approaches to drug misuse and its prevention are introduced. The uses of both quantitative and qualitative statistical approaches to prevention are mentioned next. Finally, targeted prevention, bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap, and a statement on overcoming disbalance round out the Special Issue. The bridges created will serve to propel drug misuse "prevention science" forward in the years to come. Advances in understanding etiological issues, translation to programs, and ecological fit of programming are desired results.

Cognition↗
PubMed2003

Introducing HEAL: the Health Education Assets Library.

Digital multimedia, such as images and videos, are playing an increasingly important role in health sciences education. Educators, however, often do not have the time or resources to create high-quality materials. The authors describe the development of a new Health Education Assets Library (HEAL), a freely accessible, national library of high-quality digital multimedia to support all levels of health sciences education. HEAL's primary mission is to provide educators with high-quality and free multimedia materials (such as images and videos) to augment health science education. In addition, HEAL is working with other organizations to establish a network of distributed databases of high-quality teaching resources. By using state-of-the-art Internet technologies HEAL enables educators across the country to efficiently search and retrieve teaching materials from a variety of sources.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2004

What impact will the immune tolerance network have on the future treatment of allergic diseases?

The immune tolerance network (ITN) plans to capitalize on the current state of understanding of immunologic science to solicit, design and implement human trails designed to 'cure' allergic diseases. While the ITN can bring tremendous resources to bear, it is actively looking for the participation of innovative physician-scientists worldwide in order to optimize the changes of success and thereby have a major impact on the future treatment of allergic diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Swine influenza and the news media.

Press coverage of the swine influenza inoculation campaign was generally superficial and marked by a "body count" mentality, but it was rarely inaccurate or sensationa, as has frequently been assumed. A study of coverage in 19 daily newspapers, the three television networks, and a wire service shows that the best work was done by science and medical writers on major metropolitan newspaper. Television newsmen and wire reporters were unprepared for a story of such complexity. A weak press relations effort by the Center for Disease Control and other public health agencies contributed to the public's confusion and upset professionals in the press. A better understanding by doctors of how the press works and closer relations between the medical community and the press can improve coverage of future public health programs.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1980

The North Carolina Area Health Education Center program: an overview.

North Carolina has been at the forefront of the planning, development, and operation of area health education centers (AHECs). These centers have dramatically improved health manpower education and training at all professional levels. In effect, the North Carolina Area Health Education Center Program is a major decentralization and coordination of medical, dental, pharmacy, and public health education and regionalization of nursing, allied health education, medical residency training, and continuing education. The program links each of the university health science centers in North Carolina to major community hospitals that form a regional network with other institutions. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy has a major role in the AHEC program. A full-time faculty is located in each AHEC. In addition to providing and coordinating clinically oriented pharmaceutical services and functioning as a resource in all matters relating to drugs, they are extensions of the school's faculty. The North Carolina AHEC Program approach offers pharmacy an excellent opportunity to maximize the pharmacist's contributions to society through education and practice.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMed2002

Tobacco cessation counseling among underserved patients: a report from CaReNet.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of smoking cessation counseling in relation to insurance status in a practice-based research network. STUDY DESIGN: We administered a modified National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), with an additional payment category to identify uninsured patients, quarterly to 100 random patients at each practice site for 1 year. POPULATION: The study population included the patients at the 7 practices within the Colorado Research Network (CaReNet), associated with the Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado Health Science Center. OUTCOMES MEASURED: We measured the prevalence of smoking and the frequency of cessation counseling. RESULTS: Of 2773 visits analyzed, 1443 were made by adults who were either was uninsured (39%), had Medicaid (22%), or had private or a health maintenance organization insurance (private/HMO; 40%). Smoking prevalence was significantly greater in uninsured patients (30%) and Medicaid patients (31%), compared with private/HMO patients (22%) (P =.008). However, those smokers with private/HMO insurance were more likely to receive tobacco counseling (50%) than Medicaid (41%) and uninsured (25%) patients (P &lt.001). After controlling for potential confounders, this difference remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although smoking is more common among Medicaid and uninsured patients, these smokers are less likely to receive counseling. Possible explanations for this disparity include lack of access to cessation interventions or lower quality of care for underserved patients. This finding may have implications for achieving national public health goals on smoking cessation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The PHILSOM system--one user's experience.

The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio joined the PHILSOM system, a comprehensive serials control network, in 1971. The experiences of the library in using the system are described. The major benefit of the system has been multiple copies of the holdings list which have made the serial records publicly accessible and significantly increased their value. Tallies of these lists' use indicate that more than half of serials-related questions are now answered directly by the users. The effects of PHILSOM on the procedures of the serials department--processing, claiming, bindery, and personnel are described. Costs to the network and the UTHSCSA Library are briefly summarized.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed2005

Biomedical informatics research network: building a national collaboratory to hasten the derivation of new understanding and treatment of disease.

Through support from the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Research Resources, the Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) is pioneering the use of advanced cyberinfrastructure for medical research. By synchronizing developments in advanced wide area networking, distributed computing, distributed database federation, and other emerging capabilities of e-science, the BIRN has created a collaborative environment that is paving the way for biomedical research and clinical information management. The BIRN Coordinating Center (BIRN-CC) is orchestrating the development and deployment of key infrastructure components for immediate and long-range support of biomedical and clinical research being pursued by domain scientists in three neuroimaging test beds.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1986

Beyond the library: IAIMS at Georgetown University.

The strategic planning process and the pilot phase projects undertaken by Georgetown University for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) are described. Emphasis is placed on core services such as a local area network, an academic information management center in the library, and expansion of health sciences databases for improved access to biomedical information. Special applications in education and clinical care are highlighted. The library, a key to IAIMS activities, has emerged in a leadership role at Georgetown.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

The challenges and pitfalls of a managed care contract.

Recognizing that managed care contracting is both an art and a science no longer suffices in this era of merger mania and integrated delivery networks. Subacute care providers must now strategize to meet the challenges posed after a managed care contract has been fully executed. Equally important, the pitfalls of a managed care contract must be identified to avoid serious negative consequences.

Communication↗
PubMed1998

[Evidence-based medicine. 3. Systematic reviews: a tool for clinical practice, permanent education and health policy decisions. Italian Group on Evidence-Based Medicine-GIMBE].

The reviews of research, summarizing a great amount of studies in a manageable format, are invaluable tools for physicians, inundated with enormous amount of biomedical information. However, narrative reviews are often misleading because, mixing together opinions of authors and results of research, the relation between clinical recommendation and evidence is partial and based on a biased citation of primary studies. In contrast to narrative reviews, the systematic reviews assemble, critically appraise, and synthesize the results of primary studies addressing a specific topic. Additionally their authors use strategies for minimizing bias and random error. The science of systematic reviews is now supported by the Cochrane Collaboration, an international network established for "preparing, maintaining and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health care". The authors provide tools for searching, critically appraising and using in practice the systematic reviews, which use can help physicians to improve the transfer of research in clinical practice, a task obliged by limitation of financial resources to physicians of any health service.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Lessons without limit: how free-choice learning is transforming science and technology education.

Societies are becoming nations of lifelong learners supported by a vast infrastructure of learning organizations. The centers of this learning revolution are not schools, but a network of organizations and media (museums, libraries, television, books, and increasingly the Internet) supporting the public's ever-growing demand for free-choice learning - learning guided by a person's needs and interests. Science learning is an important part of this revolution. Traditional boundaries and roles distinguishing groups of science educators and institutions are disappearing. To not understand and embrace these changes will impede our ability to enhance science learning worldwide.

Education↗
PubMed1996

The modern library: lost and found.

The modern library, a term that was heard frequently in the mid-twentieth century, has fallen into disuse. The over-promotion of computers and all that their enthusiasts promised probably hastened its demise. Today, networking is transforming how libraries provide--and users seek--information. Although the Internet is the natural environment for the health sciences librarian, it is going through growing pains as we face issues of censorship and standards. Today's "modern librarian" must not only be adept at using the Internet but must become familiar with digital information in all its forms--images, full text, and factual data banks. Most important, to stay "modern," today's librarians must embark on a program of lifelong learning that will enable them to make optimum use of the advantages offered by modern technology.

Computer Communication Networks↗