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PubMed1991

[The computer as a support tool in nursing care and administration].

The introduction of informatic tools directed to the Assistence and Administration's support will be able to bring important benefits to Brazilian Nursing. Based on American literature the authors expose some specific applications of the computer in the assistence and administration's actives of nursing, demonstrating the various ways to these actives, in order otimize the assistence rended to the patient.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed2006

Mobile healthcare informatics.

Advances in wireless technology give pace to the rapid development of mobile applications. The coming mobile revolution will bring dramatic and fundamental changes to our daily life. It will influence the way we live, the way we do things, and the way we take care of our health. For the healthcare industry, mobile applications provide a new frontier in offering better care and services to patients, and a more flexible and mobile way of communicating with suppliers and patients. Mobile applications will provide important real time data for patients, physicians, insurers, and suppliers. In addition, it will revolutionalize the way information is managed in the healthcare industry and redefine the doctor - patient communication. This paper discusses different aspects of mobile healthcare. Specifically, it presents mobile applications in healthcare, and discusses possible challenges facing the development of mobile applications. Obstacles in developing mobile healthcare applications include mobile device limitations, wireless networking problems, infrastructure constraints, security concerns, and user distrust. Research issues in resolving or alleviating these problems are also discussed in the paper.

Medical Informatics Applications↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical and pharmacological databases for personal digital assistants].

Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are part of the new technologies applied to medicine, which could improve both access to and storage of distinct databases. The present article reviews some general technical features, as well as the utility of these devices for consulting specific pediatric, clinical and pharmacological databases. A search was performed in Medline (1999 to 2004) and of web pages that described the use of PDAs and a total of 46 useful applications were identified, including pediatric diagnostic and treatment guidelines, databases of diagnostic procedures, guidelines for antibiotic therapy in the pediatric and adult populations, databases to establish the diagnosis and treatment of patients in emergency and intensive care medicine, catalogues of general drugs with complete pharmacological data (indications, doses, adverse effects, interactions, toxicology, pregnancy, lactation), specific databases of neonatology, otorhinolaryngology and pediatric surgery, and medical calculator software. Each reference details the contents, source of the reference information, memory requirements, operating system, cost, web page for downloads and whether there is a test version. There is a wide variety of pediatrics software for PDAs. Once the quality of these databases has been assessed, each user should evaluate which application will be most useful depending on his or her needs.

Computers, Handheld↗
PubMed2001

The digital transformation of oral health care. Teledentistry and electronic commerce.

BACKGROUND: Health care is being changed dramatically by the marriage of computers and telecommunications. Implications for hospitals and physicians already have received extensive media attention, but comparatively little has been said about the impact of information technology on dentistry. This article illustrates how the digital transformation will likely affect dentists and their patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on recent experiences of hospitals and medical practices, dentists can expect to encounter revolutionary changes as a result of the digital transformation. The Internet, the World Wide Web and other developments of the information revolution will redefine patient care, referral relationships, practice management, quality, professional organizations and competition. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: To respond proactively to the digital transformation of oral health care, dentists must become familiar with its technologies and concepts. They must learn what new information technology can do for them and their patients and then develop creative applications that promote the profession and their approaches to care.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2004

Semantics and the medical web: a review of barriers and breakthroughs in effective healthcare query.

This paper provides an overview of the research into current medical vocabularies and their impact on searching the Web for health information. The Web provides growing opportunities for laypersons to gain knowledge about specific health conditions, though research to date has been incomplete. Many studies have examined aspects of controlled medical vocabularies. Other studies have examined aspects of medical Web searching vocabularies. In this context, there is a growing need to examine more closely laypersons' Web queries using controlled medical vocabularies that were designed to serve the needs of medical professionals. It may be the case that the average consumer of Web health services is not able to use correct medical terminology, and may not be able to choose analogous or synonymous terms from a search result list. Our review suggests a growing need for studies to examine the current applicability of controlled medical vocabularies as well as alternatives to semantic query by Web search engine users.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

A new perspective in the promotion of e-health.

This paper proposes a new model that provides assistance in understanding the reasons why individuals would use new ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) to perform a healthcare change in their lifestyle. Achieving a lifestyle change by the use of ICT is a multifold issue that can be broadly addressed by analysing, in parallel two dimensions: the individuals' attitude towards their health condition and their approach and readiness to monitor and change their attitude by the use of ICT. Our work has been to conceive and develop a model that explains the different stages the user is at both in terms of the perception of healthcare and of the use of technology to perform any desired or recommended change. In order to place the user at each dimension a set of questionnaires were designed and implemented. These questionnaires assisted us in understanding what personalised information needs to be provided according to the stage the user is at as well as to other variables (such as age, cultural background, etc). The novelty of this model is that it proposes a general framework that may be applied to the conception, design and evaluation of any e-health application. Moreover, it can be applied to different application targets (medical informatics, public health informatics, etc) and to different audiences (healthy individuals, patients, professionals, etc) as it proposes an enhanced user modelling process by taking into account both healthcare behaviour aspects as well as technological issues, which up to this moment, have not been taken into account and may be part of the explanation of e-health uptake failure in the healthcare field. The application of this model promotes the empowerment of the individuals by providing tailored information, as well as guidance, monitoring, through ICT and it will certainly make an impact on health-related behaviour. Besides, it will allow to understand some of the reasons of the success or failure of different e-health platforms. Overall, this model is likely to provide deeper insights into the process of improving e-health so it can meet ongoing individuals' needs and become an increasingly valued part of health care services.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital image processing.

Digital image processing is now commonplace in radiology, nuclear medicine and sonography. This article outlines underlying principles and concepts of digital image processing. After completing this article, readers should be able to: List the limitations of film-based imaging. Identify major components of a digital imaging system. Describe the history and application areas of digital image processing. Discuss image representation and the fundamentals of digital image processing. Outline digital image processing techniques and processing operations used in selected imaging modalities. Explain the basic concepts and visualization tools used in 3-D and virtual reality imaging. Recognize medical imaging informatics as a new area of specialization for radiologic technologists.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Body Area Network BAN--a key infrastructure element for patient-centered medical applications.

The Body Area Network (BAN) concept enables wireless communication between several miniaturized, intelligent Body Sensor (or actor) Units (BSU) and a single Body Central Unit (BCU) worn at the human body. A separate wireless transmission link from the BCU to a network access point--using different technology--provides for online access to BAN data via usual network infrastructure. BAN is expected to become a basic infrastructure element for service-based electronic health assistance: By integrating patient-attached sensors and control of mobile dedicated actor units, the range of medical workflow can be extended by wireless patient monitoring and therapy support. Beyond clinical use, professional disease management environments, and private personal health assistance scenarios (without financial reimbursement by health agencies/insurance companies), BAN enables a wide range of health care applications and related services.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2004

I-wear for health care and wellness--state of the art and future possibilities.

The background of the development of i-wear for health care and wellness are two actual trends: The wellness trend with its expectation to stay fit and healthy and the increasing life expectancy of the Europeans and the challenges, which are resulting thereof for the medicine and the technology that goes with it. Already in 2040 the amount of people over 60 years in Europe will amount to 40% of the entire population [1,2]. In recent years the co-operation of physicians, biologists, physiologists, engineers for electronics and information technologies and textile scientists has produced a multitude of innovative applications for textiles, especially in the medical and wellness field. This presentation will cover the state of the art and some future aspects of textile-integrated solutions for health and wellness services, with intelligent application forms or integrated electronics (i-wear), which are an increasing market for textiles.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A framework for the biomedical informatics curriculum.

The problem of developing a curriculum for biomedical informatics is highly dependent on how we choose to define and practice the field. Numerous authors have questioned how to position biomedical informatics along the continuum of formal, empirical and engineering disciplines. A concern with current educational programs in biomedical informatics is that students finish without a clear understanding of the relation between theory and practice, or worse, with the impression that the field does not possess any theoretical basis. In this paper, we propose that biomedical informatics curricula explicitly address skills and competencies at three levels: formal, empirical, and applied. We posit that that knowledge of formalization is necessary to build testable empirical models, and that model-driven approaches are necessary for deploying information systems that can be evaluated in a meaningful way. A curricular framework is proposed that identifies a set of methods, techniques and theories that have broad applicability within the domain of biomedicine, and which can span a wide range of application areas: bioinformatics, imaging informatics, clinical informatics and public health informatics. A stronger linkage between theory and practice will result in students who are empowered to create effective and lasting solutions to biomedical problems.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2003

Human errors in medical practice: systematic classification and reduction with automated information systems.

We review the general nature of human error(s) in complex systems and then focus on issues raised by Institute of Medicine report in 1999. From this background we classify and categorize error(s) in medical practice, including medication, procedures, diagnosis, and clerical error(s). We also review the potential role of software and technology applications in reducing the rate and nature of error(s).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A monitoring/auditing mechanism for SSL/TLS secured service sessions in Health Care Applications.

This paper analyzes the SSL/TLS procedures and defines the functionality of a monitoring/auditing entity running in parallel with the protocol, which is decoding, checking the certificate and permitting session establishment based on the decoded certificate information, the network addresses of the endpoints and a predefined access list. Finally, this paper discusses how such a facility can be used for detection impersonation attempts in Health Care applications and provides case studies to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

[Stomatological identification after air disasters].

The paper describes experiences of stomatological identification after two air disasters and shows potentialities and limits of an odontologic(al) comparison. The application of a 16-bit-computer is pointed out as the essential improvement of the work.

Aircraft↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The applications of informatics in ophthalmology].

The paper reports on the applications of information science in Romania in ophthalmology, and mainly in glaucoma, in the diagnosis of: degenerative affections of the fundus oculi, uveitis, strabismus, in functional exploration of the chromatic sense, ergo-ophthalmology, pupillary reflex and forms of the pupil, etc. The Romanian made computers Felix, Independent, Coral, Cobra, etc. were used.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1989

Classifying trauma severity based on hospital discharge diagnoses. Validation of an ICD-9CM to AIS-85 conversion table.

This report describes the development and validation of a computerized system for converting ICD-9CM rubrics to Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores. In collaboration with the Committee on Injury Scaling of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, AIS-85 scores were assigned to 2,062 injury-related ICD-9CM rubrics. To validate the conversion table, AIS and Injury Severity Scores (ISS), derived using the conversion, were compared with those obtained by reviewing the complete medical record for 1,120 trauma cases. Percent agreement in maximum AIS scores (MAXAIS) ranged from 48% for head/neck injuries to 74% for extremity injuries. In 68% of the cases, grouped ISS scores (one to 12; 13 to 19; 20+) were in agreement. Previous studies of the interrater reliability of AIS coding directly from the medical charts have shown that agreement in MAXAIS scores ranges, on average, between 62% for head/neck injuries to 76% for extremity injuries. Grouped ISS scores agree, on average, 75% of the time. The results show that while the computerized conversion is not perfect, it provides reasonably good information on severity that might otherwise be unavailable for large population-based research and evaluation. This paper discusses the potential applications of the conversion table with specific attention to its use in evaluating the extent of trauma care regionalization.

Delphi Technique↗