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PubMed1982

Bone scanning in the assessment of mandibular invasion by oral cavity carcinomas.

Mandibular invasion alters the staging and treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, and thus its detection is essential to the head and neck oncologist. There is little information assessing the accuracy of the radionuclide bone scan and the roentgenogram in determining mandibular invasion. The present study reports data on 40 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity for whom bone scans, mandibular roentgenograms, and histologic examination of the mandible were available. The bone scan correctly predicted mandibular invasion in 8 of 9 cases; the false positive rate was 53% as a result of mandibular inflammatory changes. The bone scan was more accurate than the roentgenogram in predicting tumor invasion of the mandible, but the bone scan had a higher false positive rate. A normal bone scan and roentgenogram virtually precluded tumor involvement of the mandible. We conclude that the bone scan is an important adjunct in the prediction of carcinomatous invasion of the mandible in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1983

Survival rates in 548 patients with multiple neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract.

The high incidence of multiple primary carcinomas occurring in the upper aerodigestive tract is well documented, with the accepted incidence being as high as 20-30%. The full clinical significance of this phenomenon is, however, only now becoming apparent. Herein 548 cases of documented multiple primary neoplasms, presenting initially in the upper aerodigestive tract, are evaluated retrospectively to establish the survival in these patients. The overall 5 years survival rate after diagnosis of the second neoplasm was found to be 22.3% which was significantly lower than a control group. The reasons for this poor survival are considered. These include: 1. the high incidence of second cancers developing in the lung and esophagus which have an extremely poor survival rate; 2. the frequent late diagnosis of the second lesions, with resultant advanced staging, and therefore poor prognosis; 3. inability to institute the appropriate therapy for these lesions due to the effects of previous radical therapy utilized for the first tumor. The clinical implications of this problem are discussed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1994

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Recent studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pleiotropic cytokine, is responsible for some of the systemic and local effects, including tumor-associated cachexia and neoplastic bone destruction, seen in patients with cancer. This study was undertaken to determine if TNF-alpha is produced by human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and, if so, to determine its source and cellular distribution. Tumor specimens from nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were immunohistochemically examined for the presence of TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha was localized with antibody to human TNF-alpha by the immunoperoxidase method to the tumor and vessel endothelial cells in all nine specimens. By Western blot analysis, two protein bands recognized by anti-human TNF-alpha antibody in the soluble proteins of the tumor specimens were identified. These proteins--25 KD and 17 KD--represent the precursor and mature forms of TNF-alpha. To verify squamous cell carcinoma production of TNF-alpha, a cell culture of human head and neck squamous carcinoma was examined. The 25 KD immunoreactive protein, the TNF-alpha precursor, was found in extracts from this culture by Western blot analysis. These findings suggest that tumor cells are able to produce TNF-alpha; this production may explain some of the systemic and local effects seen in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2005

Dose-additive carcinogenicity of a defined mixture of "dioxin-like compounds".

Use of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach in human risk assessments assumes that the combined effects of dioxin-like compounds in a mixture can be predicted based on a potency-adjusted dose-additive combination of constituents of the mixture. In this study, we evaluated the TEF approach in experimental 2-year rodent cancer bioassays with female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats receiving 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3,3 ,4,4 ,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), or a mixture of the three compounds. Statistically based dose-response modeling indicated that the shape of the dose-response curves for hepatic, lung, and oral mucosal neoplasms was the same in studies of the three individual chemicals and the mixture. In addition, the dose response for the mixture could be predicted from a combination of the potency-adjusted doses of the individual compounds. Finally, we showed that use of the current World Health Organization dioxin TEF values adequately predicted the increased incidence of liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma and cholangiocarcinoma) induced by exposure to the mixture. These data support the use of the TEF approach for dioxin cancer risk assessments.

Animals↗

PubMed2005