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PubMed2004

Nursing and midwifery malpractice in Turkey based on the Higher Health Council records.

Medical malpractice has attracted the attention of people and the media all over the world. In Turkey, malpractice cases are tried according to both criminal and civil law. Nurses and midwives in Turkey fulfill important duties in the distribution of health services. The aim of this study was to reveal the legal procedures followed in malpractice allegations and malpractice lawsuits in which nurses and midwives were named as defendants. We reviewed 59 nursing and midwifery lawsuits reported to the Higher Health Council between 1993 and 1998. Health professionals were held liable in 59% of the lawsuits. Midwives had the highest percentage of malpractice liability (52%), followed by physicians (29%) and nurses (19%). To reduce potential liability, nurse education should be improved, a nursing malpractice law should be enacted, and instructions for nursing procedures should be formulated.

Female↗
PubMed2004

An holistic economic evaluation of an Aboriginal community-controlled midwifery programme in Western Sydney.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct an holistic economic evaluation of an Aboriginal community (Daruk)-controlled midwifery service in Western Sydney. METHODS: The study estimated direct programme costs and downstream savings to the health sector. Measures of antenatal attendance and perinatal outcome were compared between Aboriginal women with and without experiences of the antenatal programme through examination of antenatal clinic records and the New South Wales Midwives Data Collection for the period 1991-1996. Qualitative outcomes were analysed through interviews and focus groups. RESULTS: The net cost to the health sector was estimated to be $A1200 per client. Compared with Aboriginal women who received antenatal care in two conventional settings, there were no statistically significant differences in birthweight and perinatal survival. Gestational age at first visit was lower (17.2 vs 21.2 and 19.9 weeks), mean number of antenatal visits was higher (10.5 vs 5.5 and 9.5) and attendance for routine antenatal tests was better (94% vs 71% and 84%). Aboriginal clients were strongly positive about their experience of the Daruk service in terms of relationship and trust, accessibility, flexibility, provision of clear and appropriate information, continuity of care, empowerment and family-centred care. CONCLUSIONS: Net per client costs to the health service were modest. Quantitative evidence of improved antenatal outcomes was limited, but qualitative evaluation suggested the service was strongly valued. The outcomes examined in this study were broader than those used in conventional forms of economic evaluation and this enabled identification and analysis of more diverse sources of value from this programme.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving continence service standards within midwifery.

Within west Essex, any woman that has difficulty in passing urine or problems controlling her bladder in the immediate postnatal period is referred to the Continence Advisory Service (CAS) and liaison takes place with the midwife, or with the woman if she is at home. A small working party from midwifery and the CAS has developed, introduced and reviewed guidelines and standards for bladder management during and following labour. These are based on informing women of the importance of regular bladder emptying, especially if they have had epidural analgesia. Regular bladder emptying is by normal voiding or intermittent catheterization, if necessary. The contact with the CAS enables women sustaining anal sphincter trauma to have a better understanding of the injury and the ways in which problems can be treated or prevented. It provides continuity of contact with the same practitioners, and a suitable environment to discuss a potentially embarrassing subject. In-house education of all healthcare professionals involved with women who are planning or have had babies has resulted in the early detection of women with voiding difficulties, and has led to an improved and efficient service.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed2006

Verbal abuse of nursing and midwifery students in clinical settings in Turkey.

This phenomenological study describes nursing and midwifery students' experiences with and perceptions of verbal abuse in clinical settings in Turkey. Purposive sampling and, within this technique, typical case sampling were used to capture the students' most typical experiences of verbal abuse. Four categories with 10 themes describing verbal abuse experiences emerged from interviews. The abusive behavior originated from clinical instructors, agency nurses and midwives, physicians, patients, and patients' families. Abuse included health care professionals' exhibiting condescending attitudes toward and making derogatory comments about nursing higher education, refusing to share clinical knowledge and skills with students, belittling students' approaches to patient care, and humiliating and treating students as health care professionals of lesser value. During their clinical education, students were both vulnerable to and the targets of significant verbal abuse from those in supervisory positions. The students were vulnerable to verbal abuse because they were outsiders, left alone to tend to their own learning needs, inexperienced in patient care, and unsure of their rights. Measures should be taken to eliminate verbal abuse not only because of its obvious injustice, but also because it impedes the professionalization of nursing. Faculty and students should be prepared for the possibility of verbal abuse so they can respond assertively.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The challenge of implementing an undergraduate midwifery course within a three university consortium.

The Werna Naloo Bachelor of Midwfery Consortium was formed between three universities in Victoria in 2000 to deliver a three-year Bachelor of Midwifery course. This paper describes the challenges experienced in implementing a multi-university consortium course, some of the steps taken to address course issues, as well as identifying the positive aspects of working within a consortium. Challenges related to administration of the course within the three universities and on-line subject delivery. Steps take to address challenges included establishment of a committee structure, including a curriculum implementation committee, ongoing dialogue between the course coordinators involved and being pro active in ensuring smooth delivery of the on-line content of the course. Some of the concerns expressed by the academics involved in the consortium reflected the findings of other reports of consortium education courses. These were insufficient time for ongoing sharing of ideas because of geographical distance resulting in some overlap of subject content, as well as the time taken to travel between institutions for meetings. Consortium benefits were the collegial sharing of ideas and resources, and the conversion of competition into alliance.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1996

Willughby's observations in midwifery: the Dutch translation.

The Dutch translation of the manuscript of "Observations in Midwifery" (ca. 1672) by the English man-midwife Percival Willughby (1596-1685) - pupil and friend of William Harvey - was printed in The Netherlands in 1754 and antedated the English edition (1863) by more than a century. This delay may explain why this valuable 17th-century text had no impact on obstetrical practice in Willughby's native country.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMed1998

Midwifery in the Belfast City Hospital.

The process of improving midwifery services for poor women in Belfast was a slow one. Traditional midwives were gradually supplanted by midwives who were trained and controlled by the medical profession, but it was many years before the problems of puerperal infection were brought under control in the new institutions.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2000

A different start: midwifery in South Australia 1836-1920.

It is the popular belief of many midwives and nurses in Australia that midwives of the nineteenth and early twentieth century in this country practiced completely independently of medicine, resorting to medical assistance only if the labor and delivery did not progress normally. There is also the opinion that only affluent childbirthing women had a medical man in attendance at the delivery and poorer women had a midwife. Indeed, much of the Australian historical literature supports these notions. However, evidence suggests that in South Australia this was not the case and that generally midwives practiced in collaboration with medical men. Apart from some exceptions, both midwives and medical men attended the deliveries of most childbirthing women from all strata of society. This paper will explore the provision of midwifery care in the early days of settlement in South Australia and show how the relationship between the community midwife and the general practitioner developed. In doing so, this paper will establish that the normal place of delivery in nineteenth-century South Australia was in the home with both a doctor and midwife in attendance as part of normal community life.

Australia↗
PubMed1995

[Catharina Hellena Malhiem's textbook in midwifery from 1756].

From notations in the literature it has been known that a midwife from a provincial capital in Sweden, Vänersborg, in 1758 applied to Collegium Medicum (The National Board of Health) for support to a textbook in midwifery. It was, however, not published. In 1993 the book was found in an archive. This article describes the content of the book and her struggle to be accepted as a trained midwife by the burghers of the town - as it is described in the records from the municipal court. She wrote her book - 110 questions and answers - for education of the women and traditional midwives in the area. There are three chapters: On the personal qualifications of a midwife and the anatomy of the body; On the normal delivery and On the abnormal delivery. Obviously she has been influenced by the books written by the Swedish obstetrician von Hoorn in 1697 and 1715 but in general an analysis of the text shows that it is also independent from other sources. There are some answers indicating a fairly high level of knowledge, like the advice to dry the child after christening in order to avoid cooling down. Mrs Malhiems book was not accepted by the Collegium Medicum. Nor was she given permission to train midwives or become a provincial midwife for the region. The authorities wanted to retain their central power. Mrs Malhiem herself died as a poor woman in 1795, 79 years old.

Health Education↗
PubMed2003

The Midwifery Interactive Learning Environment (MILE).

The aim of the MILE project is to foster a multidisciplinary collaboration between the healthcare sector, specifically healthcare professionals and IT and computing experts. The objective is to develop a computer-based learning (CBL) environment for midwifery and nurse education. As there is little, if any, work within this application domain, MILE will be developed covering an appropriate subset of common skills necessary for midwives and nurses to work within obstetrics and/or gynaecology. The scope and functionality of the CBL environment will enable evaluation of the uptake and performance of such technology within a highly skilled and wide range task environment. This involves both classroom and on-the-job training.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2002

Spiritual midwifery on the farm.

Spiritual midwifery and the whole ethos of natural birth is captured in the atmosphere of The Farm in Tennessee. With remnants of the heyday of the 1970s hippy era, it embodies all that is holistic, spiritual and low-tech, and promotes the physical and emotional wellbeing of each expectant mother.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

What do midwifery healthcare assistants do? Investigating the role of the trained healthcare assistant.

There has been relatively little discussion in the literature regarding the role of the healthcare assistant (HCA) in midwifery. The study examines and contrasts HCA duties in one maternity department in the Republic of Ireland. Observations of six trained HCAs were undertaken to evaluate if they have the relevant repertoire of skills as taught in a national training programme, and to assess if they are using these skills competently. Findings indicate that HCAs carried out more indirect patient care activities than direct care activities. Findings show that the HCA provided support to qualified staff by assisting them in a range of care activities. This was consistent with the specified job description and with their training programme. This exploratory study helps to further understand the role of the HCA. It identifies the activities that HCAs undertake in support of qualified staff in maternity settings. The findings highlight the need for further investigation to determine the relationship between the role of the trained HCA and the qualified midwife.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The history and current status of nurse midwifery in Wisconsin.

Two editorials in the June 1991 Wisconsin Medical Journal communicated a concern for the equitable provision of health care to all Wisconsin residents. They requested greater commitment to this goal by the state government, and cited quality obstetric care as a worthwhile investment of the public dollar for long-term public health. As part of the discussion of resources available to improve obstetrical care, this paper will present a summary of the current status and potential expansion of midwifery practice in Wisconsin after a synopsis of the relevant historical information.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2006

"Let's fika first"! A look at Swedish midwifery from a cultural perspective.

Sweden is the third largest country in Europe and has a population of approximately nine million people. Swedish midwives are highly esteemed, autonomous and respected by the population. This article discusses cultural aspects of working as a midwife in Sweden along with the obstacle of learning a new language and various new methods of midwifery care. This personal account of my placement in Sweden is intended to offer insight to midwives and nurses who may contemplate working there.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2006

[Knowledge and attitude of nursing and midwifery college students on developmental dysplasia of the hip].

OBJECTIVES: It is of special importance to educate families and health care providers, in particular midwives and nurses who are in close and frequent contact with families, for the prevention and early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). A knowledge and attitude study was conducted concerning DDH among students of Nursing and Midwifery College of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University. METHODS: A structured form was prepared consisting of 28 statements about medical and practical knowledge and traditional attitudes with regard to DDH and was administered to 232 voluntary students before and after an educational session of 60 minutes by a specialist in orthopedics. Prior to the study, the students of grade I and II had not received any theoretical or practical lectures about DDH, which were included in the curriculum of grades III and IV. RESULTS: The knowledge of the students about risk factors and prevention strategies for DDH was of a moderate level. They were not sufficiently furnished with information about traditional attitudes and applications that predispose infants to DDH. The mean test scores before and after training were 51.52+/-13.90 and 87.86+/-5.90, respectively (p=0.000). Compared to grade III and IV students, grade I students performed significantly less in the former test (p=0.00); however, the scores of the latter test did not differ significantly between the grades (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The curriculum during the license education of midwives and nurses should include essential information on traditional attitudes. With sufficient knowledge and application skills, midwives and nurses may play an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of DDH in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Safe motherhood: a challenge to midwifery practice.

The principal way of achieving maternal health and safe motherhood is to expand the specific functions and/or categories of midwifery personnel. This includes strengthening knowledge and skills to improve the quality and quantity of care. Success would ensure that for millions of women the prospect of childbirth would be one of joy rather than misery.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1991

[Air sac midwifery technique for shortening course of labor].

Air sac midwifery technique is developed in this hospital to cut down the duration of labor (birth process). A special small sac is placed inside the ripe cervix and vagina of women of term pregnancy, and aerated slowly till a positive pressure of 16-25 kPa is reached. The cervix can be dilated to 6 to 8 cm, and the vagina 10 to 12 cm in 1 to 2 minutes. The labor course may be cut down by 8 to 10 hours, thus relieving the parturient from pain, lessening perineal laceration and perinatal mortality which is important for eugenics sake.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

A realistic midwifery service for Papua New Guinea.

Health care centre for all confinements in Papua New Guinea should be the preferred objective of the midwifery service. This need not be expensive in the rural setting if the example is followed of some existing health care centres. The use of intravenous ergometrine at the end of the second stage is advocated, based upon experience in numerous institutions.

Female↗