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PubMed1998

The effect of variation of the lingual shape of mandibular complete dentures on lingual resistance to lifting forces.

UNLABELLED: Increasing life expectancy, age related reduction in adaptability and progressive severe mandibular resorption all add to the importance of any factor improving the prosthetic success. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of two different lingual shapes of lower dentures on patients' ability to resist lifting forces. DESIGN: Tongue pressures on the lingual surface of complete mandibular experimental dentures were recorded from mid-line, premolar and molar transducers. Two experimental prostheses were fabricated for each subject: one conventionally contoured, the other formed by piezography. SETTING: A clinical research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Five experienced complete denture wearers between age 64 and 82 years. INTERVENTION: Lifting forces were applied at the midline, left and right premolar sites in random order. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak resistance to lifting forces and lingual pressures used during these tests. RESULTS: Lingual pressures exerted anteriorly were dramatically higher than those on premolar and molar surfaces. Significantly higher pressures were used to resist lifting forces applied to piezographically than conventionally formed contours; correspondingly, significantly higher lifting peak forces were, on average, resisted. CONCLUSIONS: Providing a lower denture with a piezographically produced lingual surface was shown, in this preliminary study, to enhance tongue retentive ability over a conventional design. It seems reasonable to maximise retentive potential with oblique sublingual polished surfaces and minimise the adaptive demand, particularly for older patients, by using a piezographic technique which "customises" the contour and precludes over-extension.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

The direct brow lift: efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The direct brow lift operation can be used to treat brow ptosis arising from either involutional changes or facial nerve palsy. The authors reviewed their experience with this operation to establish its efficacy and complication rate in the light of concerns over poor scar cosmesis and forehead paraesthesiae in the postoperative period. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients undergoing direct brow lifting from 1989 to 2002 was conducted, and information gained on patient satisfaction by questionnaire. RESULTS: The direct brow lift operation was found to give a predictable outcome, with high levels of patient satisfaction. With careful wound closure, postoperative scars are rarely cosmetically unacceptable to the patient. Paraesthesiae are a common but well tolerated sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The direct brow lift was found to be a reliable method for treating brow ptosis arising through involutional change or facial nerve palsy in both men and women. The postoperative scars may be more evident in younger patients so the authors reserve this technique for "rehabilitative" rather than cosmetic brow lifts in patients of middle age and beyond.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Lumbar motion response to a constant load velocity lift.

An experiment was performed to evaluate the motions of the lumbar spine during a constant load velocity lift. For the purposes of this study, a constant load velocity refers to the linear vertical velocity of the load. This vertical load velocity was controlled using a modified angular isokinetic dynamometer, which produced linear isokinetic motion during a lift. A lumbar monitor was used to observe the position, velocity, and acceleration changes that occurred in the lumbar spine during the lifting task. The results indicate that under constant load velocity conditions, significant angular accelerations occur at the lumbar level. The nature of these accelerations was found to depend on several variables associated with a lifting task, such as the load velocity and the asymmetry of the lift. The physical significance of these results would be increased spinal loading above that which would be predicted using a static model.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the lift-off test and analysis of subscapularis activity during maximal internal rotation.

We used electromyographic analysis to determine the muscle activity of the shoulder muscles during the lift-off test and during resisted internal rotation. The activity in the upper and lower subscapularis muscle during a lift-off test from the region of the midlumbar spine was approximately 70% of maximal voluntary contraction. This level was significantly higher than for all the other muscles tested (P < 0.05). The lift-off test with the hand placed in the region of the midlumbar spine resulted in one-third more electromyographic activity in the subscapularis muscle than when the test was modified and performed with the hand at the buttocks region. A resisted lift-off test resulted in higher activities in all the muscles, but only a small increase in the pectoralis major muscle. The pectoralis major muscle was significantly more active during resisted internal rotation with the arm in front of the body. Comparison of activity in the upper subscapularis with that in the lower subscapularis muscle showed no significant differences during any of the tests. This study documents the importance of the subscapularis muscle during the lift-off test and suggests that other potential internal rotators of the humerus have a limited role in maintaining internal rotation when the arm is placed behind the back.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of attempted lifting speed on forces and torque exerted on the lumbar spine.

Factors affecting compressive and shear forces and torque at the L5/S1 vertebral joint were examined for nine different load/lifting-speed combinations during performances of a dynamic lifting task by 10 subjects. Loads were 40, 60, and 80% of each subject's maximum lifting capability. Target lifting times were 1.5, 3.5, and 7 s. A rigid link model of the human body was used to derive estimates of axial force, shear force, and torque acting at the L5/S1 vertebral joint from high-speed film data. Variables examined empirically were myoelectric activity at the fifth lumbar level of sacrospinalis and intra-abdominal pressure. The respective effects of load and attempted lifting time were assessed through two-factor ANOVA's and subsequent Scheffé tests. Heavier loads were found to result in significantly higher (P less than .001) values of mean compressive force, mean shear force, and maximum myoelectric activity. Faster target lifting times resulted in significantly higher mean and maximum values of all the variables quantified except intra-abdominal pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Radiological evaluation of sinus lift operation: what the general radiologist needs to know.

This article provides an overview of the sinus lift operation, including radiographic evaluation of the procedure. Plain radiographs such as dental or panoramic radiographs have conventionally been used to measure the bone volume in the operation site, but full three-dimensional assessment of the region before and after the sinus lift operation is advisable both to allow planning of the lift and to see the results of it. The general radiologists sometimes misinterpret the graft material used in sinus lift cases as odontogenic tumour or some other pathology. The aim of this article is to put an end to this wrong interpretation and to familiarize the general radiologist with pre-operative and post-operative imaging of sinus lift cases.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed2001

Femoral condylar lift-off in vivo in total knee arthroplasty.

We carried out weight-bearing video radiological studies on 40 patients with a total knee arthroplasty (TKA), to determine the presence and magnitude of femoral condylar lift-off. Half (20) had posterior-cruciate-retaining (PCR) and half (20) posterior-cruciate-substituting (PS) prostheses. The selected patients had successful arthroplasties with no pain or instability. Each carried out successive weight-bearing knee bends to maximum flexion, and the radiological video tapes were analysed using an interactive model-fitting technique. Femoral lift-off was seen at some increment of knee flexion in 75% of patients (PCR TKA 70%; PS TKA 80%). The mean values for lift-off were 1.2 mm with a PCR TKA and 1.4 mm with a PS TKA. Lift-off occurred mostly laterally with the PCR TKA, and both medially and laterally with the PS TKA. Separation between the femoral condyles and the articular surface of the tibia was recorded at 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion. Femoral condylar lift-off may contribute to eccentric polyethylene wear, particularly in designs of TKA which have flatter condyles. Coronal conformity is an important consideration in the design of a TKA.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Trunk muscle use during pulling tasks: effects of a lifting belt and footing conditions.

Pulling tasks require the torso to act as a rigid link in order to facilitate the force transmission between the ground and the hands. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a lifting belt increases the rigidity of the torso, thereby increasing pulling strength or reducing trunk muscle forces, or both, as pulling tasks are performed. Twelve volunteers performed maximal and submaximal isometric pulling exertions; the latter were performed on nonslippery and slippery surfaces. Electromyographic data from 8 trunk muscles, trunk kinematic data, and ground reaction forces were sampled during each exertion. Results indicated that the lifting belt had no effect during maximal exertions on the maximal pull forces generated or the muscle recruitment levels, irrespective of the pulling posture. The lifting belt did not affect the EMG data obtained during the submaximal (40% of maximum) exertions, even when participants pulled on a slippery surface. However, the slippery surface increased the coactivation within the trunk musculature, perhaps stiffening the torso in the event of a slip. The absence of a statistical interaction effect between the lifting belt and the footing condition (slipperiness) indicates that the belt did not alter the coactivation pattern and hence was not relied upon by the participants as a protective mechanism. The data presented here will assist those who must make decisions regarding lifting-belt use and those who train individuals in manual materials handling techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Analysis of the clinical and functional aspects of mechanical lifting of the abdominal wall.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical lifting of the abdominal wall, a method based on traction and consequent elevation of the abdominal wall, is an alternative procedure to create enough intra-abdominal space necessary for videolaparoscopic surgery, dispensing the need for intraperitoneal gas insufflation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the technical feasibility of this procedure to carry out a videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, while analyzing the clinical and functional aspects of this technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the Digestive Tract Surgery Discipline of the Medical School at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, was created the equipment to perform videolaparoscopic surgery using this method. The equipment has two sections: an external part which consisted of a frame attached to the operating table, inside which there is a sliding steel cable, moved by a ratched which is located at the lower end of one of the frame rods; the internal rod, the support, has an "L" shape, and its horizontal branch is made up of three turning rods and which is connected to the steel cable after insertion into the abdominal cavity. Ten patients underwent videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy using this equipment. The time taken to install the equipment, the operating area characteristics, the interference from the lifting equipment on surgical movements and on the intra-operative cholangiography, the measurements made of the force used during traction and extension of the abdominal wall elevation, and the medication required for postoperative analgesia were all evaluated. RESULTS: There were no intra-operative complications, and in none of the cases was it found necessary to convert to open surgery. We considered the insertion a safe and uncomplicated procedure, and the traction system efficient. Apart from the elevation of the abdominal wall, the distribution of the viscera inside the abdominal cavity is fundamental for the operating area. Depending on the position of the epigastric trocar, the lifting equipment can interfere with the surgical instruments mobility. It may be necessary to reposition the support to perform the intra-operative cholangiography. The tensional force applied to the peritoneal surface by the lifting rods is small, and no additional postoperative pain was observed using this procedure. CONCLUSION: These results show that using the equipment described in this study, mechanical lifting of the abdominal wall is a feasible alternative for undertaking videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lifting: why nurses follow bad practice.

This article reports on a research study of a group of third-year undergraduate student nurses, investigating their use of lifting techniques and their potential to conform to ward practice in the selection of lifts. A questionnaire which included a vignette was administered to 19 students. Results showed that 50 per cent would conform to the selection of a two-person lift by a staff nurse even when they knew that the lift was unsafe. The authors suggest possible variables which may influence the selection of lifts.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Multiplane face lift with the subperiosteal dissection for orientals.

A subperiosteal face lift rejuvenates the midface and periorbital region by restoring facial muscle tone. Since 1993, the authors have performed this procedure on Oriental patients who have their own distinct facial contours: the brachycephalic cranium and a prominent zygoma and mandibular angle. Although it was thought that these protuberances might disturb the subperiosteal procedure, especially in the anterior midface, the procedure could be performed easily by adopting the ancillary upper buccovestibular and subciliary incisions; the authors found that the protuberances actually act as fulcrums to keep up the lifting vectors reliably. For older patients, the procedure was combined with a deep subcutaneous dissection. A simple lift of the periosteum would not improve a severe nasolabial fold deformity and prominent wrinkles adequately because of "lag-lifting" of the superficial layer. It was concluded that the multiplane face lift, consisting of the subperiosteal and the deep subcutaneous approaches, achieves a natural-appearing rejuvenation of the Oriental aging face.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The lower muscular balance of the face used to lift labial commissures.

One of the weak points in face lifts is their failure to fully correct the ptosis of the labial commissures. This article illustrates a new technique to optimize this commissural repositioning in face lifts by using the muscular balances of the lower half of the face. There is, in effect, a third type of muscular balance, which acts on the commissural modiolus and is created by the opposing forces of the levator muscles (notably the zygomaticus major and the levator anguli oris) and the depressor muscles (principally the depressor anguli oris). Rarely a purely cutaneous problem, labial commissural ptosis is more a part of mediofacial ptosis affecting the entire soft tissue. I have used the malar subperiosteal face lift technique, the only approach that allows the centrofacial features to be lifted as a whole block, since late 1996 and have treated a series of more than 30 patients affected with mediofacial ptoses involving the malar eminences, the nasolabial folds, and the labial commissures. Retensioning the levator muscles was combined with wholesale subperiosteal release of the depressor muscles, notably the depressor anguli oris. Patient follow-up has lasted between 6 and 20 months. In all instances, this use of the lower facial muscular balances allowed optimal repositioning of the labial commissure. In particularly outstanding cases, unilateral release of the depressor muscles was used to correct facial asymmetry at the level of the lip commissures and thereby restore harmony and alignment. In 10 of our cases, this slackening of the depressor muscles was also used in conjunction with a peripheral face lift; the resulting heightening of the commissures was, in these cases, perhaps less spectacular, but it invariably contributed to the rejuvenation of the face.

Cheek↗
PubMed2001

C-reactive protein (CRP) as a response to postoperative stress in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the abdominal wall lift, with performed pneumoperitoneum (CO2), and in open cholecystectomy.

The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed thirteen years ago and rapidly became the preferred way of operation in patients suffering from cholelithiasis. The pneumoperitoneum can be responsible for haemodynamic disorders. The abdominal wall lift is an alternative way for pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was the comparative analysis of operative trauma response in the patients treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy using abdominal wall lift and in cases which underwent open cholecystectomy or laparoscopic operation using pneumoperitoneum. The concentration of C-reactive protein was measured in patient serum before and twice after surgery. The obtained data underwent a statistic analysis. In all cases the surgery caused the marked changes of CRP-concentration. The mean level of CRP was higher three times in patients after open cholecystectomy than in cases treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the use of abdominal wall lift or with performed pneumoperitoneum. During the experiment the statistically significant different between laparoscopic surgery with the use of the laparolift and laparoscopic with earlier performed pneumoperitoneum was observed. The stress and inflammatory response in cholecystectomy using abdominal wall lift was significant but smaller than the response noted in open cholecystectomy and similar to the response observed after pneumoperitoneum. The replacement of pneumoperitoneum by abdominal wall lift does not change the operative stress in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Lift-up laminoplasty for myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We have utilized lift-up laminoplasty to treat patients with myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine. The preliminary surgical outcome with computer-assisted morphological assessment is presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The surgical technique of lift-up laminoplasty includes standard posterior exposure of the cervical spine, en-bloc laminectomy, and expansion of the cervical canal by lift-up of the laminae with custom-designed hydroxyapatite laminar spacers and stabilization of the laminae using titanium miniplates. From 1998 to 2003, 10 consecutive patients with cervical myelopathy secondary to OPLL have been treated with this method and comprehensively evaluated. Care was taken to tailor the treatment to individual patients by using different sizes of spacers to adjust the degree of expansion depending on the amount of stenosis of the cervical spine. The degree of expansion of the cervical canal was altered by design, based on the preoperative imaging simulation. RESULTS: Preliminary surgical outcome, evaluated at 6 months after surgery, revealed a significant improvement of neurological function. Image analysis revealed that the cervical canals were significantly expanded, with a mean reduction of 13.1% in the stenosis ratio. Lift-up laminoplasty was effective in the treatment of patients with myelopathy secondary to cervical OPLL, and the amount of expansion could be individually adjusted at the discretion of the surgeon. CONCLUSION: Although analysis with a larger population and a longer follow-up period needs to be undertaken, our method of lift-up laminoplasty appears to be a viable choice among standard posterior cervical approaches for cervical OPLL.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A method for impregnating nylon transfer membranes with leucocrystal violet for enhancing and lifting bloody impressions.

The objective of this research project was to demonstrate a quick and easy method for impregnating nylon transfer membranes with leucocrystal violet (LCV) for the purpose of lifting and enhancing impressions made in blood. A stamp that would simulate fine detail found in fingerprints or footwear was used to create impressions on a variety of substrates. Four different LCV formulations were tested to determine the effectiveness of the prepared membranes in lifting and enhancing the impressions. Further investigation involved the feasibility of using the LCV membranes in the field by studying the shelf life and storage of the impregnated membranes and the longevity of the lifted impressions. One of the formations studied demonstrated superior lifting and enhancing capabilities, as well as a prolonged shelf life and a resilience of the lifted impressions, thus proving LCV to be an extremely valuable technique.

Blood↗
PubMed1985

Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. IV. The causal factors of the intra-abdominal pressure rise.

The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) has been regarded as important for stabilization and relief of the lumbar spine when exposed to heavy loads, such as when lifting. Previous trials, however, have failed to increase the IAP by abdominal muscle training. Twenty healthy subjects, 20 low-back patients and 10 weight-lifters, were tested with various breathing techniques in order to elucidate the causal factors of the IAP rise during lifting and the effects respiration. Those with high IAP and low IAP as well as those with great variations in IAP underwent an extended program. The intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures and the EMG of the oblique abdominal, the erector spinae and--in some cases--the puborectalis muscles, were recorded. The transdiaphragmatic pressure was calculated both during lifting and during the Mueller manoeuvre. The IAP rise during lifting seems to be correlated to a good coordination between the muscles surrounding the abdominal cavity. Of these, the diaphragm seems to be the most important for the IAP level. Closure of the glottis seems to help the diaphragm to maintain the IAP rise, otherwise the respiration type seems to be less important for the IAP during lifting.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. II. Chronic low-back patients.

The aim of this study was to compare trunk muscle strength and intra-abdominal pressure during lifting in low-back patients and in healthy controls. Twenty male workers with 2-18 year history (median 5.5 years) of low-back pain went through strength tests of trunk flexion and extension and a series of standardized lifts. The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles and of the erector spinae muscles were recorded. The results were compared with those in 20 healthy men exposed to similar loads at work and at leisure. The low-back patients had reduced abdominal muscle strength (-25%) compared with the healthy controls. The IAP during lifting was the same in the two groups despite the difference in abdominal muscle strength. The trunk extension strength was the same in the two groups. The oblique abdominal muscles were only moderately activated during lifting (5-15% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. The erector spinae muscle was strongly activated during lifting (40-60% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. During backlifting the duration of erector spinae activity varied. Back patients had extended activity compared with the healthy controls. Stiffness seemed to affect the duration of activity in both groups. The oblique abdominal muscles seem to be of no decisive importance to the IAP.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Hip load moments and muscular activity during lifting.

The load on the hip joint during lifting was studied. Healthy subjects lifted a 12.8 kg box from floor to table level with straight and flexed knees in four different ways. The loading moment of force about the bilateral hip axis was calculated by means of a computerized static sagittal plane model. The highest load moment, 124 Nm, occurred initially in the straight knee lift and the compressive joint reaction force was 2.7 times body-weight. The lowest load moment, 82 Nm, occurred in the flexed knee lift with the burden moved close to the trunk, the compressive force was 3.2 X bw. The load moment was also discussed in relation to the strength capability. The EMG levels of seven different hip muscles were normalized and expressed as a percentage of the recorded level of each muscle group during an isometric maximum voluntary contraction. The initial activity in the hamstrings was higher in the straight knee lift compared to flexed knees. The gluteus maximus was activated to a moderate level.

Adult↗