Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Life Expectancy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Life expectancy after gastric resection for gastroduodenal ulcer].

Retrospective analysis of 1045 patients who had had a Billroth II partial gastric resection for benign gastroduodenal ulcers revealed a significantly shorter life expectancy for them than for a control group matched for age and sex (mean and maximal periods of observation 14.6 and 22 years, median 17.6 years; 15 217 observation years). After resection for duodenal ulcer there were more deaths from bronchial carcinoma, liver cirrhosis or suicide than after resection for gastric ulcer. Gastric stump carcinoma was more frequent in patients with gastric ulcer and was the cause of death in 5.8% of all patients who had died after the fifth postoperative year. The results suggest that life expectancy after gastric resection depends less on the operation than on the existing risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans?

BACKGROUND: Since meat products represent a major source of protein in the Western diet, findings on whether meat intake significantly contributes to the burden of fatal disease have important clinical and public health implications. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether a very low meat intake (less than weekly) contributes to greater longevity. DESIGN: We reviewed data from 6 prospective cohort studies and report new findings on the life expectancy of long-term vegetarians from the Adventist Health Study. RESULTS: Our review of the 6 studies found the following trends: 1) a very low meat intake was associated with a significant decrease in risk of death in 4 studies, a nonsignificant decrease in risk of death in the fifth study, and virtually no association in the sixth study; 2) 2 of the studies in which a low meat intake significantly decreased mortality risk also indicated that a longer duration (>/= 2 decades) of adherence to this diet contributed to a significant decrease in mortality risk and a significant 3.6-y (95% CI: 1.4, 5.8 y) increase in life expectancy; and 3) the protective effect of a very low meat intake seems to attenuate after the ninth decade. Some of the variation in the survival advantage in vegetarians may have been due to marked differences between studies in adjustment for confounders, the definition of vegetarian, measurement error, age distribution, the healthy volunteer effect, and intake of specific plant foods by the vegetarians. CONCLUSION: Current prospective cohort data from adults in North America and Europe raise the possibility that a lifestyle pattern that includes a very low meat intake is associated with greater longevity.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A cohort study on the active life expectancy of stroke patients using a community-based stroke registry in a Japanese rural district.

In order to support patients with a history of stroke, public health nurses, hospitals and ambulance stations in and around the Oyabe Health District (49 000 population, rural area) provided initial information for a community-based stroke registry starting from 1966. This stroke registry was established by the present authors to record the patients' status and provide social services at home. The information from 1032 stroke patients was compiled into a register during the period 1966-79. Of 494 patients identified as living at home in 1980, we were able to maintain contact with 452 patients (91.5%) and these 452 stroke patients were defined as the study cohort. They were asked several questions on physical status, mobility status, central nervous function, emotional problems and living conditions. These data were used to construct the baseline of this study cohort and we gathered information on mobility status every year until 1993. The risk factors reducing their active life expectancy were investigated using Kaplan-Meier's method, log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazard model. For active life expectancy, the end point was defined as commencement of immobile status or death. Emotional problems (P < 0.01), difficulty in bathing (P < 0.05) and disorder of memory function (P < 0.05) were shown to contribute to a reduction in their active life expectancy after adjustment for age, sex, years after stroke, types of stroke, mobility status and living with spouse.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Prognostic factors for life expectancy in multiple sclerosis analysed by Cox-models.

To determine if such factors as first symptom, sex, age at onset and initial clinical course have any influence on life expectancy of multiple sclerosis patients, a survival analysis from date of diagnosis for 598 MS-patients in Norway was performed. To study the effect of all the variables simultaneously we used the Cox proportional hazards regression model with incomplete data. Median survival time was 27 years after diagnosis. The variable which most strongly predicted the duration of the disease was age at onset. High age at onset and a progressive course of the disease were correlated with a more unfavourable prognosis. The onset symptom, vertigo, was also correlated with a shorter life expectancy. No significant effect of sex was found. We found in this material an indication of improved survival over the study period.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional status and active life expectancy among senior citizens in a small town in Japan.

The objectives of this study were to understand transition patterns and mechanisms of functional status, and to estimate active life expectancy (ALE) among senior citizens in a small town in Japan. With data drawn from surveys conducted annually from 1998 to 2002 (n=638 at baseline), prevalence and incidence of functional disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were described and compared between the sexes. Then relationships between potential predictors and functional decline through a 4-year follow-up were examined using logistic regression. Finally, active and disabled life expectancy was estimated by Katz's method. At baseline, 9 and 12% of subjects were dependent in performing ADL and IADL, respectively. Prevalence and incidence rates increased with age. The risk of mortality increased by 2.2-5.0-fold when the subject was functionally dependent at the previous year. Advanced age, difficulty in walking and poor interest were shown to be significant predictors of loss of independence in ADL. Mean durations with disability in ADL and IADL among women were longer than among men by around 1 year. Population-specific preventive care programs considering physical, cognitive and social aspects are needed not only to maximize ALE but also to improve quality of life during survival period with disability especially in old women.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Impact of life expectancy and tumor doubling time on the clinical significance of prostate cancer in Japan.

Theoretical projected prostate cancer volume at the time of expected death was determined based on patient age and index cancer volume at diagnosis, assumed cancer volume doubling time and life expectancy of the Japanese male population. Based on the data obtained, evaluation was made of the results for 104 consecutive radical prostatectomy cases with no prior treatment. Clinically insignificant cancer in 104 prostatectomy specimens was found to occur at 4.8, 10.6, 15.4 and 26.9% for tumor doubling times of 2, 3, 4 and 6 years, respectively. Assuming a 2-year doubling time with clinically insignificant cancer excluded, only 36.4% of significant cancers could be considered potentially curable and with a 3-year doubling time, 32.3%. For 4- and 6-year doubling times, only 30.7 and 25.0% of the clinically insignificant cancers were potentially curable, respectively. Approximately half of these insignificant cancers were clinically stage T1c disease. In all stage T1c cases, 8.8-47.1% was considered insignificant, depending on tumor doubling time. Patient life expectancy and tumor doubling time significantly determine the outcome of treatment for prostate cancer, especially in elderly males with higher risk of mortality. The outcome of radical prostatectomy is less satisfactory with these factors taken into consideration. Many patients with stage T1c disease may eventually prove to require no treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Healthy life expectancy in the occupied segment of the Turin population].

BACKGROUND: The indicators of healthy life expectancy measure differences in health among various population subgroups more sensitively than do indicators of mortality. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyze some of the above indicators to evaluate the differences among occupational categories in Turin. METHODS: Mortality tables by occupation were calculated on Turin residents, aged 18-64 years in 1991, using the Turin Longitudinal Study which combines personal, census, and health information for the residents of the city. Longitudinal assessments of health expectancy were obtained by means of record-linkage with the Cancer Registry, the Diabetes Registry, and hospital discharge records. In addition, prevalence estimates of good health, disability, and chronic illness, obtained from ISTAT (Central Statistics Institute) investigations in 1999-2000 were combined with mortality data using Sullivan's algorithm. RESULTS: Among men there was a systematic disadvantage in almost all indicators of health expectancy for some manual occupations, while jobs requiring more qualifications were more advantaged. The health profile for women was more controversial, with an overall disadvantage among women who were professional consultants, although this group showed substantial variability: the legal professions had the lowest life and health expectancies, with approximately 3 years of life less than the health professions, which were among the most advantaged. DISCUSSION: The various indicators gave results which were at times conflicting, especially because the information obtained from the available sources had major limitations. The development of indicators needs to aim for greater homogeneity between mortality and health data to ensure maximum comparability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Income distribution and life expectancy: a critical appraisal.

In a series of papers published during the past decade Richard Wilkinson has advanced the view that income inequality is the key determinant of variations in average life expectancy at birth among developed countries. Yet a careful examination of the two sources of data on income distribution most often used by Wilkinson suggests that if they are analysed more appropriately they do not lend support to his claims. More recent data on income distribution is now available for several countries in the Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation in the mid-1980s and for Great Britain from 1961 to 1991. The use of these data also casts doubt on the hypothesis that inequalities in the distribution of income are closely associated with variations in average life expectancy at birth among the richest nations of the world.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Targeting screening mammography according to life expectancy among women undergoing dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Screening guidelines recommend that mammography be targeted to women likely to live longer than 5 years. Because women undergoing dialysis have a reduced but variable life expectancy, their appropriate use of screening is controversial. Therefore, we conducted this study to describe national mammography rates among women undergoing dialysis with differing prognostic factors and to determine whether screening is targeted to healthier women who live longer. METHODS: Using the US Renal Data System, we identified 17,090 women aged 50 years or older who started dialysis in 1997. We tracked women for 5 years to ascertain their use of screening mammography or death. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate was 25%. The biennial screening mammography rate was 25%, ranging from 12% for women aged 80 years or older to 69% for women who were ever on the transplant list. Women who were screened in the past year had a lower death rate than those who were not (hazards ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.59). Yet, 2198 women (13%) who died within 5 years underwent screening, and 2004 women (12%) who lived more than 5 years while receiving dialysis did not undergo screening. CONCLUSIONS: Screening mammography rates are appropriately low among women undergoing dialysis because the 5-year survival rate is low. Screening is being targeted to women who are healthier and live longer. However, targeting could be improved by increasing screening in the few women undergoing dialysis with substantial life expectancies while decreasing screening in most women undergoing dialysis who live less than 5 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Life expectancy of rigid gas permeable and high water content contact lenses.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the life expectancy of various rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens materials used on a daily wear basis and to compare these results with the life expectancy of a matched group of soft lens wearers. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 600 contact lens wearing patients (300 soft contact lens users and 300 RGP lens users fit between September 1987 and September 1994. None of the subjects wore lenses on a planned replacement system. For the purpose of the study, RGP lenses were divided into three groups: < or = 40 Dk were considered low-Dk; 41-89 Dk were considered mid-Dk; and > or = 90 Dk were considered high-Dk. All soft lenses were high water content lenses (> or = 60% water content). Lenses were included if they were replaced due to loss, breakage, deposition, or poor wettability but not if replaced because of changes in fit or prescription. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) life-spans of each lens type in months were 19.9 +/- 17 for low-Dk RGP lenses, 15.9 +/- 13.3 for mid-Dk RGP lenses, 9.0 +/- 8.2 for high-Dk RGP lenses, and 6.4 +/- 5.2 for high water content soft lenses. Statistical analysis using a one-way ANOVA on ranks indicated that these results were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients should be informed that high-Dk lenses (RGP and soft) provide substantial clinical benefits and that they should except to replace high-Dk RGP lenses after approximately 6 months. This lends further credence to the use of high-Dk lenses on a planned replacement basis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Estimation of life expectancy for selecting surgical procedure and predicting prognosis of extradural spinal metastases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Clinically, whether and how to make a surgical interventional decision for the patients with spinal metastases is still controversial. Life expectancy is a significant determinant in the selection of surgical procedure for spinal metastases. This study was to evaluate Tomita and Tokuhashi scoring systems in selecting surgical procedure and predicting prognosis of extradural spinal metastases. METHODS: A total of 169 patients with spinal metastases, treated in the Spine Unit of Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from Jan. 2001 to Apr. 2004, were enrolled. The life expectancy was scored according to both Tomita system and Tokuhashi system before operation, the spinal metastases were classified according to Tomita system, and the patients underwent surgery accordingly. Follow-up was done 6, 12, and 24 months after operation. The precise of Tomita system and Tokuhashi system in estimating "death within 3 months", "death within 6 months", and "death within 12 months" was compared using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC curves). The mean survival time of the patients was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: ROC curves of "death within 3 months", "death within 6 months", and "death within 12 months" showed no significant difference between Tomita score and Tokuhashi score in each group (P = 0.16, P = 0.47, and P = 0.38, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that Tomita system overestimated the prognosis in scores from 4 to 7, and Tokuhashi system underestimated the prognosis in scores from 0 to 8. CONCLUSIONS: Both Tomita and Tokuhashi scoring systems could be used to predict prognosis of spinal metastases after operation. Tokuhashi scoring system can predict early death more accurately, which can be used to avoid major operation for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Life expectancy, its relation to sexual activity and body weight in male inbred mice.

Body weight of male mice of five inbred strains caged in groups of five was determined three times between the ages of 80 and 100 days, representing the individual fully grown body weight. Sexual activity of each mouse (number of ejaculations and intromissions) was estimated under competitive conditions between the ages of 120 and 150 days in eleven repetitions. Within all inbred strains only about half of the males displayed sexual activity when confronted with an estric female. The other do not. The animals remained in their cage groups until natural death after 727 +/- 215 days (C57BL/6), 638 +/- 260 days (BALB/c), 630 +/- 187 days (CBA), 560 +/- 230 days (DBA/2) and 317 +/- 62 (AKR) days. Only amongst the sexually active animals did individual life span correlate with the number of ejaculations. This was seen in C57BL/6, CBA and DBA/2. Particularly sexually successful animals, carrying out the most ejaculations, live 10-20% longer than their (subdominant) competitors displaying less sexual success. Sexually inactive males (characterised by no ejaculations and less other sexual activities) show that this characteristic of their personalities imposes no limitation upon their life expectancy. Fully grown body weight and the individual life span correlates within the strains DBA/2, C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Medium-sized animals have a greater life expectancy than small or large ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Active life expectancy for 10,000 Caucasian men and women in three communities.

Active life expectancies (ALEs) were calculated using increment-decrement life table techniques for 10,000 Caucasian men and women from three geographic areas. This technique is more appropriate than the single decrement model originally used, and resulting ALE was substantially greater among initially independent men and women aged 65 years: from 9.3 for men and 10.6 for women to 11.3 to 13.0 for men and 15.5 to 17.1 for women. These increases may be attributable to factors other than the change of method, however, including the change in time from 1975 to 1982 and the change from one state to three communities. The sex differences suggest that the added years of life that women have enjoyed over men are neither solely added years of vigor nor solely added years of disability, but added years with the same mix of independence/dependence that the shorter-lived males experience. The age patterns suggest that at any age the future presents a relatively constant expectation of the total duration of dependency, and concordantly, as one ages, there is a relatively uniform decrease in the proportion of active life to remaining years.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Life expectancy, infant mortality and malnutrition in preindustrial Europe: a contemporary explanation.

In Europe's preindustrial and overwhelmingly agricultural society, people did not in general live long lives. While there were exceptions, by our standards, life expectancy was appallingly low for most and almost inconceivable to a modern audience living in an advanced industrial society where longevity is constantly being revised upwards. Europe's impoverished past came to an end in the nineteenth century with the advent of the agricultural and industrial revolutions. But before then, a great deal of suffering had taken place as Europe, as a whole, was plagued by a very high rate of infant mortality that significantly reduced, statistically, overall life expectancy. Clearly many of the sad deaths from the European past were tied to poor nutrition and the apparent lack of key vitamins, substances that modern researchers would consider as absolutely critical for proper cell development and amino-acid synthesis. In fact, it could probably be argued that Europe's preindustrial era was beset by a constant avitaminosis of some kind or another.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Does admission to a medical department improve patient life expectancy?

Doubts about the effectiveness of medical care in improving patient health have been raised by epidemiological studies and by studies of geographical variation and inappropriate use of health care. To investigate this problem, the life expectancy gain (LEG) from consecutive admissions to a department of internal medicine during a six-week period was assessed by two expert panels, each consisting of an internist, a surgeon, and a general practitioner. The mean LEG for all admissions was 2.25 years (n = 422). Sixty-one percent had a LEG of 0.10 years or less, while 5% had a LEG of more than 9.98 years. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the mean LEG remained greater than zero under assumptions of overestimated positive LEG and underestimated negative LEG. We conclude that the life expectancy of the majority of the patients was not influenced by the admission, but that a minority had substantial gains, resulting in a high overall mean LEG.

Adolescent↗