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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Use of chloroprocaine for obstetric analgesia.

The effects of low concentration chloroprocaine in continuous lumbar epidural analgesia during labor and delivery, were evaluated in 21 subjects. The final analysis was made on 18 parturientis, 9 receiving 1.5% (group A) and 9 1.33% chloroprocaine (group B), in a standard dose of 7-8 ml (first test dose 2-3 ml), and of 12 ml for the second stage of labor. Onset of analgesia occurred 7.4 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- S.D.) (group A) and 9.6 +/- 1.8 min. (group B) after injection (difference significant). Mean interval between first and second doses was 50.5 +/- 6.3 (group A) and 47.5 +/- 10.8 (group B) min. (difference N.S.). In group A 6 patients and in group B only 1 patient had a temporarily decrease in bloodpressure below 100 mm Hg. During routine monitoring, pathological F.H.R. patterns were recorded in 2 cases. Apgar scores and acid-base parameters were within normal limits in both groups (difference N.S.).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The observation of the maternal hemodynamics during labor and cesarean section (author's transl)].

The echocardiographic observation of the maternal hemodynamics was performed in 12 normal parturient women during labor and 10 patients during cesarean section. In the first stage of labor, the increase of cardiac output volume (CO) was observed during contraction as compared with that between contraction. And this increase of CO was due to the increase of heart rate (HR) t 4-5cm dilatation of cervix, and the increase of stroke volume (SV) at 7-8cm dilatation of cervix. In the second stage of labor, the increase of HR and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf), and the decrease of ejection time, end-diastolic volume, SV, CO and ejection fraction (EF) were observed during contraction with expulsive efforts as compared with those in late pregnancy. These changes suggest that the severe hypovolemic stress is imposed, which may be caused by a decrease of venous return. The increase of HR and the decrease of SV, CO, EF, mVcf and LAD were observed 15 minutes after the epidural anesthesia as compared with those in late pregnancy, and these changes also suggest that the hypovolemic stress is imposed, which may depend on a decrease of venous return. The increase of CO was observed 3 and 5 minutes after delivery in labor and cesarean section as compared with those in late pregnancy. This increase of CO was due to the increase of HR and SV in labor, and the increase of HR in cesarean section. Consequently, the changes of maternal hemodynamics during labor imply to be greater than those during cesarean section, and this may depend on such factors as pains, expulsive efforts and cyclic blood volume redistribution during labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cardiovascular changes during ethanol-tocolysis].

The cardiovascular effects of an intravenous infusion of a 5% ethanol-10% fructose-solution was examined in 10 healthy late pregnant women with the method of quantitative sphygmometry. There are insignificant changes of the arterial pressure, but increase of stroke volume, cardiac output, work and power and a decrease of total peripheral resistance. In spite of these favourable hemodynamic alterations, particularly the constant heart rate, ethanol should be used only for a short-time-tocolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of oxytocin administration on prostaglandin concentrations in uterine and placental tissues of pregnant rabbit (author's transl)].

To clarify the mechanism of labor onset, the effect of exogenous oxytocin (OT) on tissue prostaglandin (PG) formation was studied in vivo. Changes of PG concentrations of the uterine venous plasma, myometrium, fetal and maternal cotyledons of placenta, and parietal decidua of late pregnant rabbits were evaluated between just before and 10 minutes after administration of 10 IU of OT. PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha were extracted from each tissue by Inagawa's method and measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of PGE1 (344-1,280 ng/g wet weight) and PGE2 (656-3,000 ng/g wet weight) of the fetal cotyledon were 2-30 times higher than those of other tissues regardless of OT administration. Differences in PG concentrations between before and after OT administration were compared. The results were: 1) Changes of PGs in the plasma, fetal cotyledon, and parietal decidua showed no definite tendency after OT administration. 2) In the myometrium, all measured PG decreased after OT administration, suggesting that tissue PGs are not concerned with myometrial contraction when induced by exogenous OT. 3) In the maternal cotyledon of the placenta, PGs increased after OT administration, suggesting that the maternal cotyledon is the only site having close relationship between OT administration and PGs formation in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Studies on the clinical significance of the placental implantation site and the change of placental volume by uterine contraction (author's transl)].

Using ultrasonography, the influence of placental implantation site on the fetal position, duration of gestation, duration of labor, etc. was investigated on 321 patients in the 3rd trimester. Moreover, the change of placental volume in connection with the uterine contraction was also studied and the following results were obtained. 1) As for the placental implantation site, it was found on the posterior uterine wall in 139, on the anterior 97, right lateral 55, and on the left lateral in 30. 2) When the placenta was implanted at the uterine cornus, more fetuses were with breech presentation, and when it was found on the lateral site, the fetuses were with the position facing the placenta. 3) In multiparae, the gestational duration was longer when the placenta was implanted on the right side of uterus than on the left or anterior side. (p less than 0.05) 4) Placental implantation site had no relation with labor duration, fetal weight, placental weight, amount of haemorrhage during labor and cord-coiling. 5) During uterine contraction, the placental volume did not change when the pressure was 30 mmHg. During contraction, when the pressure was 50 mmHg, the placental volume became less by 30 cm3 than during interval. During interval, intraplacental blood volume wa 177 cm3.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

[The different elements constituting the Bishop score in the induction of labour with epidural analgesia (author's transl)].

We have collected together the Bishop scoring factors in 100 inductions of labour at term. The length of labour does not seem to be related to the height of the presenting part at induction. On the other hand, the consistence and degree of dilatation of the cervix do have each a prognostic value which is comparable to that of the total Bishop score. Furthermore, the score, while it is didactically useful, does seem to have some theoretical drawbacks.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1981

[Working out a system for the parameters of intra-uterine pressure wave forms. A comparative study of spontaneous labour and induced labor (author's transl)].

The tracings of intra-uterine pressure changes that are made during normal labours in primiparous patients, whether the labours were normal or accelerated with oxytocin, were analysed using a semi-automatic time-lag with the help of system of 25 parameters. The classical data of pressures and of time have been made up with a study of the minima and maxima of pressure measurements and the drawing up of new indices to characterise the pressure wave form. A study of the correlations between the different groups of parameters made it possible to make a summary of the information from a smaller number of data which were identical for the two groups of delivery. In particular working out the surfaces dose not seem to give extra information over and above that derived from a simple calculation of the length and intensity of the contractions. A comparative statistical study confirms that in accelerated labour there is a rise in the basal tone, in the maximum pressure and in the frequency of contractions, and shows a minimal scatter of the values obtained which demonstrated that oxytocin has a regulating effect. Using parameters for the shape of contractions, quite independently of the units chosen to measure, has made it possible to design a typical form for the graph for each group of labours.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in plasma lactate concentration in women in labour and their newborns within the first days of life.

Changes in venous-blood lactate level were studied in women in three periods of labour and three time periods after labour, as well as in their newborns in the umbilical core blood and during the first several days of extrauterine life. The level was highest in women at the time of fetus delivery (passage of fetal head through the genital channel) and in the umbilical cord blood in newborns. The return of normal lactate value occurred parallelly in mothers and newborns. In several cases of labour with complications not induced pharmacologically the lactate levels were not different from those observed during spontaneous labours.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study on early artificial rupture of fetal membrane to shorten the stages of labor].

This study was conducted to utilize artificial rupture of membrane to accelerate birth process and compare this method with natural rupture of membranes in normal delivering parturient. 334 participants had artificial rupture of membranes done. The researcher found that artificial rupture of membrane in the early stage of delivery was a effective way to shorten the birth process, decrease the parturient's sufferings and dicrease complications. The result indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups and artificial rupture of membrane could make the birth process shorter. It is recommended that artificial rupture of membrane can be used to accelerate the birth process if the parturient meet the following criteria: there are no obvious cephalopelvic disproportion and abnormal fetal position; have normal external pelvimetry; engagement of fetal head; cervix dilated to 2-3 cm; have regular uterine contraction; and no latent presentation of cord.

Adult↗