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PubMed1992

A study of labor resources in northeast Asia.

"This paper will discuss questions such as the tapping, utilization and rational distribution (international migration) of labor resources that have already begun and will continue to expand in the regional economic and technological cooperation of Northeast Asia.... In the broad sense, Northeast Asia refers to the Soviet Far Eastern Economic Division and the Siberian Economic Division; the Northeast, North, and Northwest of China; Mongolia; Korea, South Korea and Japan; its area being 17.5 million square kilometers, or 40% of the Asian land area. Its population is 580 million, or 20% of the total population of Asia."

Asia↗
PubMed1982

Migration within the periphery: Haitian labor in the Dominican sugar and coffee industries.

"This article presents data on the employment of Haitian labor in the sugar and coffee sectors in the Dominican economy. The Haitian cyclical pattern of migration is related to the enclave pattern of development as it has occurred in the Dominican Republic. The common features of both coffee and sugarcane production which stimulate the reliance on cheap foreign labor are discussed."

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

Labor immigration and capital flows: long-term Australian, Canadian and United States experience.

"Evidence on labor immigration and capital inflows to three high labor-immigration economies (Australia, Canada, the United States) is examined over periods ranging from 1820-1870 through to 1991. Data show a close association between capital flows and immigration, although causality implications are ambiguous. For the United States, the relation between factor flows is more complex than for the other countries, but flows to the United States have influenced those to smaller economies. All three nations have been subjected to common immigrant push factors through to 1930-1950 but, since World War II, linkages between factor flows have altered. Post-World War II U.S. immigration restrictions have become more important as a global determinant of labor flows, with factor flow policymaking becoming increasingly internationally interdependent."

Americas↗
PubMed1990

The reorganization of mine labor recruitment in Southern Africa: evidence from Botswana.

"The past decade has been one of unprecedented change in the pattern and organization of mine labor recruitment in Southern Africa. Using detailed data on recruitment patterns in Botswana, this article supports the view that recent changes have initiated a self-sustaining trend whereby certain flows of foreign labor into South Africa will decline unabated into the foreseeable future. This results from a shift in general recruiting policy from one of encouraging external migrant labor flows--by expanding recruitment networks and employing a variable and transient workforce--to one of retrenchment and labor stabilization biased in favor of internalized labor supplies."

Africa↗
PubMed1993

Immigration and ethnic origin: the effect of demographic attributes on earnings of Israeli men and women.

"The present article examines the separate effects of ethnicity and immigration on earnings by studying a sample of Israeli workers. The results indicate that immigrant status constitutes a major handicap in the Israeli labor market. Ethnicity, on the other hand, plays a minor role in the earnings determination process. The consequences of these results for labor market policies are discussed."

Asia↗
PubMed1995

Population movement in the Asia Pacific region: Singapore perspective.

"This article [is] structured to give some brief overview of the trends and characteristics of population movement in the Asia Pacific region. Wherever relevant, the implications of these regional and global trends for Singapore will be highlighted to offer a better appreciation of its case study. This will touch on Singapore's own experiences of outflow and inflow of people and its policies and philosophy on such movement. Noted are implications on labor policy arising from Singapore's strategy to become a capital exporter and anchor itself in economies like China."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Labor emigration and the accumulation and transfer of human capital.

"This article examines the processes involved in the acquisition and transfer of human capital by Filipino overseas workers.... In the four major occupational groupings (seamen, production/construction workers, domestic helpers and entertainers), little homeward transmission of human capital has been identified.... Because of the high rate of unemployment in the economy, the outflow of workers has had no observable impact on domestic wage rates."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Asian-born scientists and engineers: their immigration flow and labor market adjustment.

"This paper examines the flow of Asian-born scientists and engineers and their labor market adjustment. First, main elements to affect their immigration flow are described: supply, demand, and institution....The scarcity of domestic workers is the most important factor affecting demand of immigration. Institution, such as immigration policies, is another element to influence the immigration flow....Second, by using the 1980 U.S. Census data set, their labor market adjustment is explored in terms of hourly wages. Compared to the native-born white, there is no evidence that Asian-born scientists and engineers receive lower wages or lower return on human capital."

Americas↗
PubMed1991

[Immigration and the Italian labor market: recent data].

"The objective of this paper is to analyse the effects of recent immigration, from developing countries, to the Italian labour market. The presentation is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the phenomenon at the aggregate level. An interpretation of the effects of recent immigration into the labour market is presented, [including]...the expansion of the underground economy.... The second part is a closer analysis of the Italian case with special attention to the new laws and the migratory policy of the country." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND ITA)

Demography↗
PubMed1994

Native wage impacts of foreign labor: a random effects panel analysis.

"In this paper, we explore the...issue of how wages are affected [by foreign labor] using a vast panel data set for West Germany.... The paper provides evidence that foreigners affect the wages of low-qualified and high-qualified Germans. While relatively small gains are made by white collar employees with less than 20 years experience, these are outweighed by the larger wage reductions experienced by blue collar employees."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

[Foreign migrants in the labor force. The case of Lombardy].

"The article examines...the integration of immigrant workers into the regular labour force [in Italy]. The analysis concentrates its attention upon Lombardy, one of the regions in which the integration is more relevant. The author compares the situation in Milan, a metropolis where the tertiary sector is highly developed and job opportunities are very diversified, with the one in Brescia where immigrants are mainly employed as factory workers." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

Immigrant qualifications: recognition and relative wage outcomes.

"One aim of this study is to examine the labor market outcomes of immigrants relative to the Australian born.... In particular, this article examines both the extent of formal nonrecognition of overseas qualifications and the indirect implications for wage outcomes of a lack of full recognition of qualifications. Immigrant relative wage analysis...is the subject of the second part of this article...."

Australia↗
PubMed1995

[Mexico and Japanese emigrants].

"Japanese immigration to Mexico began in the last decade of the 19th century with a coffee growing project, and proved a failure. Subsequent attempts [at] sending contract labor migrants by emigration agencies, which involved 10,000 Japanese emigrants in 1901-1908, were also unsuccessful, and Mexico turned for Japanese emigrants into a short step on their way to the United States. The evolution of those who remained in Mexico and the different developments of the Japanese communities in Mexico [are] analyzed here until the period after World War II." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1995

[The case of Brazilian, Peruvian, Argentine, Bolivian, and Paraguayan labor migrants of Japanese origin in Japan].

"Over 190,700 Latin American Dekasegi Nikkeis live currently in Japan. The flow of Dekasegi, or labor migrants, [began] in 1988 and increased dramatically as from 1990 in reaction to new immigration laws in Japan and worsening of economic conditions in Latin American countries. Cultural likeness contributed to attract Nikkeis and their descent to the land of their ancestors. These Dekasegi Nikkeis, especially those coming from Peru, and to a much lesser extent some Bolivians and Paraguayans, have started forming minority ethnic communities bound by cultural networks throughout the country." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Portuguese emigration 1958-1985: some empirical evidence.

"Supplying work in the home country or abroad must be seen as the result of the same decisional process. If that is true, the same set of variables should be used to explain the participation in the labor market and the emigration rates. Based upon empirical results [for Portuguese emigrants], we discuss some of the traditional conclusions of the economic literature. Our empirical results, for example, show that: (1) there is...strong support for considering home wages and the wages in the country of destination asymmetrically, (2) imperfections in the capital markets seem to play an important role when workers must pay for their moving expenses and (3) there is a differential in coefficients between the period before 1974 and after that date, as 1974 is the year most of the Central European countries changed their immigration policies."

Demography↗
PubMed1996

Emigration, return, immigration: a review and evaluation of Greece's postwar experience of international migration.

"This paper offers a review and evaluation of the Greek experience of international migration.... The analysis is based partly on available published data, and partly on qualitative appraisals. Three major international migration phases are analysed--emigration, return migration and immigration--and the main socio-economic and cultural effects of these migration trends are discussed. The paper pays particular attention to the recent mass immigration movements, noting their heterogeneity...and describing their impact on the Greek labour market. The article concludes with some comments on the difficulties of formulating a Greek migration policy in the light of the country's location, open borders and internationalized economy."

Culture↗
PubMed1994

The welfare effects of labour force growth with internationally mobile capital.

"This paper examines some economic effects of population growth, due to natural increase and immigration.... An objective is to assess how immigration and natural labour supply growth impact on international equilibrium when trade in produced inputs is induced by population changes. For the most part our analysis is based on theories on international factor mobility.... Natural population growth will be analysed as a byproduct of the factor mobility studies."

Commerce↗