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PubMed1998

Schistosoma mansoni: the varying occurrence of repetitive elements in different strains shows sex-specific polymorphisms.

The repetitive elements W1, W2, and D9 were shown before to be female specific in the Puerto Rican strain of Schistosoma mansoni. In the Liberian strain, however, W1 was detected in both sexes. Therefore, a strain- and sex-specific analysis of the presence of all three repetitive elements has been performed in different schistosome strains. For this analysis, W2 has been isolated and characterized, whereas W1 and D9 were already available. We demonstrate the presence of the W2 element in both sexes in the Liberian strain, which coincides with W1. Furthermore, it is shown that elements W1 and W2, but not D9, can be found in both sexes of the majority of the other strains investigated. We even found an isolate of the Puerto Rican strain with W1 and W2 elements in females and males. This finding contradicts results reported in the literature that demonstrated that W1 and W2 are female specific for the Puerto Rican strain. The data of this study indicate sex-specific polymorphisms, probably associated with the sex chromosomes in schistosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Immunological diagnosis of filariosis in persons returning from tropical countries and in European and indigenous inhabitants of endemic areas (author's transl)].

Serum samples from persons who lived in areas where onchocerciasis occurred or who had filariasis were examined with the complement fixation test and the indirect hemagglutination test for the presence of antibodies against crude extracts from Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae, and Ascaris suum. The results could be interpreted as follows: 1. The indirect hemagglutination test was more sensitive than the complement fixation test for the demonstration of antibodies in sera from European and indigenous inhabitants of endemic areas. 2. There were no differences between the responses to the four crude worm extracts among the groups of 21 patients with Loa loa, 12 patients with Onchocerca volvulus, 11 patients with Dipetalonema perstans, and 22 patients with clinical filariasis in whom no microfilaria had been found. It was concluded that the examination with crude extracts cannot give any information about the antigens that had caused the stimulation of antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cryptosporidiosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Transplantation of in vitro-generated Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts into Biomphalaria glabrata.

Specific studies on schistosome gene functions require both access to the parasite stages, preferably the larvae, and to complete the life cycle. In the present study, we investigated whether short-term in vitro cultivation of sporocysts and surgical transplantation into snails could be combined to produce cercariae. Miracidia were maintained in vitro in the presence of Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cells or, alternatively, in Bge-cell-conditioned medium. The transformation of miracidia to mother sporocysts was observed in both cases. Two day-old sporocysts were transplanted into the cephalopedal sinus of recipient snails. Transplantation efficiencies varied between 16% and 43%, depending on the culture of the sporocysts in terms of the number of cercariae producing snails. Cercariae recovered from these snails were used to successfully infect hamsters, demonstrating that short term in vitro-generated sporocysts undergo normal cercariogenesis following transplantation. This combination of in vitro cultivation and transplantation may be useful for novel experimental approaches to investigate the genes involved in larval development or host-parasite molecular interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Food security and child hunger among recently resettled Liberian refugees and asylum seekers: a pilot study.

Little is known about the food insecurity situation among families resettled into the United States as part of the refugee resettlement program. This paper reports on a pilot study examining food insecurity among recently arrived refugee families (n=33). Objectives were to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of methods to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and child hunger, and to examine associations between child hunger and measures of socio-economic status and measures of acculturation. Results indicated that 85% of households were food insecure, and 42% experienced child hunger. Hunger was more likely to be indicated in households using foods stamps, with lower income, and lower education. Hunger was also more likely to be indicated in households where the primary shopper experienced difficulty shopping and with language. Results are in broad agreement with those reported in other studies and highlight economic and information barriers to achieving food security. These data suggest that further study of food insecurity is warranted among recently resettled refugee communities resettled in the United States.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1978

The association of adenocarcinoma of the lung and blastomycosis from an unusual geographical location.

A case of North American blastomycosis acquired outside the American continent and presenting with a left hilar mass is reported. The progressive hilar enlargement, despite adequate antifungal treatment, raised the possibility of drug resistance, concomitant tuberculosis and carcinoma. Non-invasive diagnostic studies including cultures, cytology and fibreoptic bronchoscopy were negative. On thoracotomy, both blastomy cosis and a poorly undifferentiated adenocarcinoma were evident.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Hepatitis B virus infection in children. A sero-epidemiological study in three endemic areas.

The occurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs was studied in 254 children aged 0 to 19 years from three areas in Greenland and West Africa, endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Age specific prevalence rates for HBsAg increased in all areas until the age of 10 years while the prevalence of anti-HBs showed a continuous rise and reached maximum level of 44 to 80% in the age group 15 to 19 years. The study results indicate that in these areas infection with HBV occurs throughout childhood, and that HBsAg carriership is derived mainly from infection in the first decade of life, but not only neonatal infection, Such data are necessary for all areas in which attempts to control HBV infection are being made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Tests of susceptibility of Liberian Culex quinquefasciatus to Tanzanian Wuchereria bancrofti.

Culex quinquefasciatus strains of Liberian and Tanzanian origin were fed on Tanzanian donors with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemias. 11 to 17 days later the mosquitoes were dissected and scored for the presence and numbers of immature and mature filarial larvae. In one experiment a significantly lower susceptibility was found in a Liberian compared with a Tanzanian strain, but in the other cases there was no significant difference. The susceptibility of the Liberian strains was higher than in published data on the same mosquito strains tested with Liberian W. bancrofti. It is doubtful whether the Liberian mosquito strains could be a useful source of genes for the construction of a refractory strain with which to replace an East African vector population.

Animals↗