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PubMed1951

Leptospirosis.

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Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leptospirosis following a flood in the Veneto area, North-east Italy.

In August 2002, an exceptional flood devastated a suburban area in the surroundings of Vicenza, North-east Italy. A fatal case of haemorrhagic pneumonia, which was presumptively diagnosed as leptospirosis, was observed as a consequence of the inundation. A local seroepidemiological survey was activated thereafter, with the principal aim of evaluating the risk of infection with Leptospirae in the population exposed to the flood. A 6.8% seroconversion rate was found in the population studied; however, the case previously observed remained unique, since an overt outbreak of leptospirosis did not occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis with acute renal failure (author's transl)].

Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis is a zoonosis which is relatively frequent in rural agricultural or cattle areas. In the severe forms of the disease renal affection is frequent, but the incidence of acute renal insufficiency is far lesser. Three cases of acute renal insufficiency in adult male patients secondary to an infection by Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae are presented. Two of the patients resided in urban areas and only one of which presented professional risk. The clinical polymorphysm of the illness is confirmed, having observed not only the absence of fever but also that of jaundice. The former history of chronic alcoholism, present in two cases, determined diagnostic difficulties with acute alcoholic hepatitis. The serologic diagnosis is often positive only at the end of the second week, and the need to carry out a series of seroaglutinations is to be insisted upon. The types of renal impairment in leptospirosis are reviewed and the presence of acute renal insufficiency is stressed, including those patients with less severe forms of the disease, and especially those without Weil's syndrome. All of the patients had to be treated with dialysis, although two of them had a conserved diuresis after an initial brief period of oliguria.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of rodent and mongoose leptospirosis on the Island of Oahu.

Sporadic occurrences of human leptospirosis in recent years throughout the State of Hawaii have resulted in at least one death. Because of the apparent association of rodents and possibly mongooses with human leptospiral infections, a survey for leptospirosis was conducted among rodents as well as mongooses on Oahu. No such work had been recorded since a survey of rodents and mongooses for leptospirosis 31 years ago. In the current work, the prevalence of rodent and mongoose leptospirosis in the districts of Oahu was determined by the kidney-culture method. A serologic study of the rodents and mongooses subjected to kidney culturing was also conducted by use of the microscopic slide agglutination test. There were 1.2 times as many kidney culture results that were positive as serologic results. High prevalence of rodent leptospirosis were found where there was considerable rainfall or fresh surface water such as from streams. The overall leptospirosis prevalence for rodents was 23.4 percent, and for mongooses it was 23.0 percent. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) had the highest infection rate, 33.3 percent, and the predominant (72.2 percent) organism in these infections was Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, which causes Weil's disease in man. Observations of rodent leptospirosis recorded 31 years ago were compared with results of the current study. The mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) is the preeminent carrier of Leptospira sejroe, a serotype that generally causes a mild form of leptospirosis in man.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1993

A serological survey for leptospirosis in the Enugu area of eastern Nigeria among people at occupational risk.

A serological examination of sera from 661 human volunteers in various occupations comprising 248 coal miners, 138 butchers and abattoir workers, 213 local farmers and 62 hospital laboratory personnel from various communities in Enugu and environs of eastern Nigeria was undertaken between January 1990 and March 1991. Leptospiral antibody titres of 1:100 and above were present in 89 (13.5%). The highest prevalence of antibodies to individual serovars were canicola 21 (23.6%), hardjo 17 (19.1%), pomona 13 (14.6%), icterohaemorrhagiae 11 (12.4%), pyrogenes 8 (9.0%), autumnalis 8 (9.0%) and grippotyphosa 7 (7.9%). Among the occupational groups examined, the coal miners were particularly at risk with a prevalence rate of 41 (46%), followed by the butchers/abattoir workers 26 (29.2%), farmers 18 (20.2%) and hospital laboratory personnel 4 (4.5%).

Abattoirs↗