Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LECITHINS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of lecithin on disability and plasma free-choline levels in Friedreich's ataxia.

Four patients with Friedreich's ataxia took part in an open trial, in which they consumed 50-100g/day lecithin granules (containing approximately 22% phosphatidycholine) for 16 weeks, but no improvement resulted. Several unwanted effects including diarrhoea, nausea, depression, "hot flushes" and weakness were experienced. Resting levels of free-choline in plasma were within the range found in 19 normal subjects. Sixteen other patients with Friedreich's ataxia also had normal free-choline levels. Treatment with lecithin significantly increased plasma free-choline levels, but there was a trend for these to fall towards baseline levels, despite continued ingestion of lecithin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Detection of soy protein in soy lecithin, margarine and, occasionally, soy oil.

Samples of soy lecithin, soy oil and margarine were tested for the presence of soy proteins by an inhibition technique using ELISA. All but one of the soy lecithin samples contained soy protein, as did some of the soy oil and margarine samples. The positive margarines contained only about 25% as much soy protein as the soy lecithin preparations. The presence of soy proteins in these soy products might account for hitherto unrecognized exposure to soy proteins in various foods.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Relative fatty acid composition of lecithin during postmenopausal replacement therapy--a comparison between ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate.

The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was followed in groups of women during postmenopausal replacement therapy. The effects of estradiol valerate and ethinyl estradiol in two different doses, and the modulating influence of various progestogens and antiestrogens were compared. Unopposed estrogen treatment enhanced liver lecithin synthesis along pathway I, i.e. reduced the amount of stearic acid and increased the amount of palmitic acid. The effect was clearly dose-dependent and even the low dose of 10 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol was more potent than 2 mg of estradiol valerate. No qualitative difference between the two estrogens was recorded. The sequential addition of the antiestrogen tamoxifen significantly reduced the influence of ethinyl estradiol. Liver lecithin synthesis along pathway I may be stimulated by all estrogens and not only by 17C-alkylated compounds. The prostaglandin precursors, dihomogammalinolenic and arachidonic acid, showed a seemingly dose-dependent increase during estrogen treatment. The comparatively weaker effects of estradiol valerate on lipid metabolism should make this non-alkylated estrogen the first choice in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between amylase concentration, L/S ratio and lecithin concentrations in amniotic fluid.

Amylase concentration, L/S ratio and lecithin concentration were measured in 110 samples of amniotic fluid in 106 uneventful pregnancies. Amylase concentrations lower than 200 U/l corresponded significantly (p less than 0.001) to a gestational age less than the 37th week as well as to a L/S ratio lower than 2 and to lecithin concentrations lower than 3.5 mg%. Furthermore, amylase values higher than 300 U/l corresponded significantly (p less than 0.001) to a gestational age over the 37th week as to an L/S ratio over 2 and to lecithin concentrations over 3.5 mg%. On the other hand amylase concentrations ranging between 200 and 300 U/l failed to show any significant relationship neither to the age of gestation nor to the concentration of phospholipids. These findings show that the amylase test is a useful method for prediction of fetal maturity. Since the procedure of determination of the amylase concentration is very simple, cheap and rapid, the test can be used as screening method. However, when amylase concentrations are found to range between 200 and 300 U/l specific tests for assessment of fetal maturity have to be applied.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Choline and lecithin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: preliminary results from a pilot study.

Tardive dyskinesia is thought to reflect increased dopaminergic activity of the central nervous system. To compensate for this by increasing CNS cholinergic tone, the authors administered oral choline and its natural dietary source, lecithin, to 5 men with mild to severe tardive dyskinesia in a nonblind trial. Both choline and lecithin increased serum choline levels and improved abnormal movements in all patients. Lecithin had fewer adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Normal plasma choline responses to ingested lecithin.

We examined plasma choline changes after ingestion of diets composed of common foodstuffs, with choline contents bracketing the average daily intake in the American diet, and ingestion of diets supplemented with exogenous purified lecithin. A diet with low choline content did not increase plasma choline concentrations; a diet with high choline content doubled plasma choline levels. A lecithin-supplemented (25 gm; 80% phosphatidylcholine) low-choline diet increased plasma choline levels 400%. These findings indicate that normal diets cause only small elevations in plasma choline; purified lecithin supplements are likely to have greater effects in treating neurologic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Alzheimer disease: lack of effect of lecithin treatment for 3 months.

Eleven outpatients with Alzheimer disease of moderate severity completed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of lecithin. Each patient received 10 gm three times daily of a placebo for 3 months. Plasma choline levels rose threefold and remained at that level throughout the lecithin administration period. A significant difference between mean baseline scores and treatment scores was found on tests of new learning ability, indicating a practice effect in these tests. However, there were no differences between mean placebo and lecithin scores on any of the psychological test measures.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effects of lecithin addition in oil or water phase on the stability of emulsions made with whey proteins.

The effects of lecithin addition in oil or water phase on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions made with 0.1 wt% whey protein and 10 wt% n-tetradecane at neutral and acidic pH were studied by monitoring the gravitational creaming and phase separation. The effects of lecithin addition on the interfacial behavior of beta-lactoglobulin were also studied to compare with the results of emulsion stability. At neutral pH, crude phosphatidylcholine (PC) from egg yolk or soybean increased the stability of the emulsion made with protein and lowered the interfacial tension of protein films more effectively than pure egg PC. A more remarkable effect on both the emulsion stability and the interfacial tension was found when crude PC was added in the oil phase rather than in the water phase. The purity of lecithins and the way to add them are suggested to be very important to make a stable emulsion with protein. On acidic pH (4.5 or 3.0), the increased creaming or phase separation in a whey protein-stabilized emulsion, but the lowered interfacial tension of beta-lactoglobulin films, were found upon the addition of pure or crude PC in oil or water phase. These results suggest that in acidic pH, densely packed films may be formed on a planar oil-water interface, but not on adsorbed layers around oil droplets in an emulsion.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of dietary canola seed and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on performance, serum lipids, and carcass characteristics of growing ram lambs.

Phospholipids (soy lecithin) are important in the emulsification of lipids and may be able to escape the rumen and influence the absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of dietary canola seed (high in unsaturated fatty acids) and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on performance, serum lipid metabolites, and carcass characteristics of growing ram lambs. Forty-three Hampshire- or Suffolk-sired ram lambs were weaned at 60 d of age (average 23.6 kg BW) and assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of the following treatments (% of DM): 1) basal diet (control = BAS); 2) BAS with 6% whole canola seed (CS); 3) BAS with 4.9% deoiled soy lecithin (SL); and 4) BAS with 6% CS and 4.8% SL (CSSL). The BAS diet consisted of 70% forage and 30% concentrate and contained 15% CP and 2.2 Mcal of ME/kg. Lambs had ad libitum access to their diet to an average final BW of 52.1 kg. Lambs were bled by jugular venipuncture on d 0, at 4-wk intervals, and 1 d before slaughter. Dry matter intake was not affected by treatment; however, energy intake (Mcal of ME/d) was greater (P less than .01) for lambs fed SL. Feeding SL and(or) CS to growing ram lambs increased (P less than .02) serum lipid concentrations. Carcasses from lambs fed SL were fatter, as evidenced by greater dressing percentage and subcutaneous fat thickness. Feeding CS to growing lambs had little effect on performance and carcass characteristics compared with feeding SL, which resulted in greater energy intake and fatter carcasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Effects of dietary canola seed and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of carcass tissues of growing ram lambs.

Phospholipids (soy lecithin) are important in the emulsification of lipids and may escape the rumen and influence the absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine. Our objectives were to determine the influence of dietary canola seed (high in unsaturated fatty acids) and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on total lipid content, cholesterol content, and fatty acid composition of carcass tissues. Forty-three Hampshire or Suffolk-sired ram lambs were weaned at 60 d of age (average 23.6 kg of BW) and assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 1) basal diet (control = BAS), 2) BAS with 6% whole canola seed (CS), 3) BAS with 4.9% deoiled soy lecithin (SL), and 4) BAS with 6% CS and 4.8% SL (CSSL). The BAS diet consisted of 70% forage and 30% concentrate and contained 15% CP and 2.2 Mcal of ME/kg. Lambs were individually fed and given ad libitum access to feed to an average final BW of 52.1 kg. Longissimus muscle (LM) from the left side of each carcass posterior to the 13th rib (12 to 15 cm in length) was excised and the lean (LM) and corresponding subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue were separated, frozen, and later used for lipid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. In lean tissue, feeding lambs CS reduced (P less than .01) the proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and feeding SL increased (P less than .01) the proportion of total PUFA. In s.c. adipose tissue, lambs fed CS had lower (P less than .01) saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lambs fed SL had increased (P less than .03) PUFA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Effect of a soybean hull:soy lecithin:soapstock mixture on ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and lactating dairy cattle.

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3% soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7% supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P < .01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates (43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4% fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

Development of an experimental diet for determining bioavailable choline concentration and its application in studies with soybean lecithin.

Attempts to determine choline bioavailability have encountered criticism of experimental diets and protocol. Our objectives were to develop a choline-deficient soy isolate diet to quantify bioavailable choline concentration of soybean lecithin and to compare results to those obtained with a purified diet. In Assay 1, weight gain of chicks fed a choline-free crystalline amino acid diet responded linearly (P < .01) to graded doses of choline chloride, fluid lecithin (FL), or deoiled lecithin (DL). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated a bioavailable choline content of 2.3 and 3.7% for FL and DL, respectively. In Assay 2, a choline-deficient soy isolate diet was supplemented with 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) to inhibit choline biosynthesis. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency increased (P < .05) markedly with the addition of choline chloride, but supplemental methionine or betaine had no effect (P > .10). Addition of 10% soybean meal to the diet severely deficient in choline per se produced a growth response (P < .05), whereas the same addition to the diet made adequate in choline did not elicit a growth response. In Assay 3, addition of graded levels of choline chloride, FL, or DL to the choline-deficient soy isolate diet containing AMP resulted in a linear (P < .01) increase in weight gain and feed intake. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated a bioavailable choline content of 2.0 and 3.5% for FL and DL, respectively. The AMP-containing soy isolate diet seems well suited for determination of bioavailable choline content in products containing secondary nutrients. Bioavailable choline content of FL and DL was similar to estimates of total choline content, suggesting that the choline in these products was fully available.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Enhancement of cardioplegic protection with a lecithin-based perfluoroadamantane emulsion.

Myocardial protection during surgically-induced cardiac ischemic arrest can be improved by promoting aerobic metabolism throughout the ischemic episode. Because of the problems encountered with both blood cardioplegia and oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia, we assessed the effects of a recently developed lecithin-based perfluoroadamantane in an isolated isovolumic buffer-perfused rat heart model of cardioplegic arrest. Forty hearts divided into 4 equal groups underwent 90 min of global ischemia at 30.C followed by 45 min of normothermic reperfusion. During arrest, hearts were infused at 30 min intervals with either standard crystalloid cardioplegic solution, lecithin-enriched cardioplegic solution or cardioplegic solution mixed with a lecithin-based perfluorocarbon emulsion (F-dimethyladamantane in one group, and F-methyladamantane in the other). All perfusates were fully oxygenated prior to use. Although fluorocarbon-treated hearts had reduced postischemic coronary flows, they yielded a significantly better recovery of systolic indexes (developed pressure and left ventricular dP/dt) than the controls. Postischemic diastolic pressures were not different among the 4 groups. We conclude that, under severe conditions of ischemia, the Adamantech fluorocarbon emulsion significantly improves cardioplegic protection. The clinical relevance of these data is supported by the fact that, unlike previously developed pluronic-based fluorocarbon emulsions, the present solution has no complement-activating properties.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1977

Utilization of choline from crude soybean lecithin by chicks. 2. Absorption measurements.

Absorption of choline was investigated in 30-day-old chicks fed a casein-glucose diet supplemented with either choline chloride or crude soybean lecithin and containing 91YCl3 as a nonabsorbable reference substance. The choline concentration, expressed as choline chloride, was 0.101% in both experimental diets. Net rates of absorption or secretion were computed from the amounts of 91Y and choline assayed in the contents of different segments of the small intestine. Net secretion of total choline into the duodenum was over twice the daily choline intake in both treatments. Most of the choline was absorbed in the upper small intestine. Of the small amounts remaining in the lower jejunum, significantly more choline was absorbed by the choline-fed chicks than by the lecithin-treated birds, but the rates of secretion into the duodenum, the rates of absorption from the upper small intestine and the overall apparent absorbability were not significantly different in the two treatments. Absorption measurements thus indicate that crude soybean lecithin may replace choline chloride as a source of choline.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An attempt to cultivate mycobacteria in simple synthetic liquid medium containing lecithin-cholesterol liposomes.

An attempt was made to cultivate mycobacteria in a simple synthetic liquid medium containing lecithin-cholesterol liposomes. This lipid complex showed a marked growth-promoting effect on the submerged growth of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. The role of lecithin as nutrient was suggested. The bacillary growth in such environment retained good viability, strong acid-fastness, and high virulence in mice. An avirulent strain of tubercle bacilli, H37Ra, did not respond to lecithin-cholesterol liposomes unlike the parent virulent strain, H37Rv. However, this was not a general rule for virulence, as a highly virulent strain of M. bovis (Ravenel) and an attenuated strain (BCG) both grew well in the presence of lipsomes. Lipid analysis showed that cholesterol in the liposome medium was esterified to some extent during the bacterial growth. It was discussed that the culture in the liposome-containing medium may present an experimental model for the study of interaction between mycobacteria and the macrophage membrane.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lecithinized ascorbic acid (PC-AS) effectively inhibits murine pulmonary metastasis.

In order to enhance the lipophilicity and develop the efficacy of ascorbic acid (ASA), we synthesized lecithinized ascorbic acid (PC-AS), in which a lecithin was covalently bound to ASA. Its pharmacological activity was also evaluated. The IC50 value of scavenge superoxide anions generated from hypoxanthine in combination with xanthine oxidase, indicated that the antioxidative activity of PC-AS (IC50; 22.19 microM) was about 60% of that shown by ASA (IC50; 13.35 microM). Also, PC-AS suppressed in vitro cell growth of Meth A-T, a highly metastatic cell line established by us. Although its potency (IC50; 110.0 microM) was a little lower than that of ASA, dramatic suppression was observed under serum-free culture conditions (IC50; 13.0 microM). In addition, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, showed an additive inhibitory effect on cell growth in combination with PC-AS and ASA. Biodistribution studies revealed that PC-AS persisted longer in the blood (AUC0-240 min; 182.8 nmole min ml-1) than ASA (AUC0-240 min; 79.35 nmole min ml-1). It should be noted that intravenous preadministration of PC-AS significantly and dose-dependently reduced the number of colony formation in an experimental murine pulmonary metastasis model. ASA had little effect. [3H]-labeled Meth A-T cells predominantly accumulated in the lung, metastatic target organ, which was reduced by PC-AS. Our in vivo study showed that PC-AS could not totally prevent pulmonary invasion of Meth A-T cells, however, PC-AS effectively inhibited the number of metastatic colony formation. PC-AS's potency was superior to that of unmodified ASA. These findings might be in part ascribed to changes to lecithinization-induced biodistribution, antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Differential effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil or soy lecithin on human platelet adhesion.

To investigate the possible regulating role of omega-6 and of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet adhesiveness, we randomised 60 volunteers into three groups to take 20 ml (equivalent to 0.3 g omega-6, 3.6 g omega-3; omega-6/omega-3 ratio 0.1) per day of a fish oil supplement, or to take 25 g (equivalent to 1.5 g omega-6, 0.5 g omega-3; omega-6/omega-3 ratio 3) per day of a soy lecithin supplement, or to continue on their usual diet without any supplement (control group) for a period of 15 days. Platelet adhesion on fibrinogen-coated 96-well microtitre plates was evaluated in the resting condition and after stimulation with 2 microM ADP or 0.02 U/ml thrombin. Compared to the values before the experimental period, the fish oil group showed a significant reduction in stimulated adhesion (with ADP: from 18.8% to 15.6%, p<0.01; with thrombin: from 24.4% to 20.8%, p<0.005), whereas no difference was noted in the resting condition (from 3.6% to 3.5%, NS). In the soy lecithin group, platelet adhesion was increased in all test conditions (with ADP: from 18.7% to 23.2%, p<0.001; with thrombin: from 24.0% to 29.9% p<0.001; resting: from 3.5% to 6.6%, p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group. A good correlation was found between platelet adhesion data and the changes in the platelet fatty acid omega-6/omega-3 ratio caused by the different supplementations. Our results indicate an inhibitory effect of fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids on stimulated human platelet adhesiveness and a stimulatory effect of soy lecithin rich in omega-6 fatty acids on resting and stimulated adhesion. They suggest moreover that the omega-6/omega-3 ratio is a determinant of platelet adhesion.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electric capacitance of bilayer lipid membranes from hydrogenated egg lecithin during phase transition from liquid crystalline state to gel].

The electrical capacity of planar bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) from natural hydrogenated egg lecithin (HEL) in n-decane at a temperature of phase transition was measured. The temperature of phase transition was determined calorimetrically to be 51 degrees C. The data obtained revealed a phase separation of HEL in BLM into two fractions, one freezing at 42-44 degrees C and one that is converted to a liquid-crystal state at 51-59 degrees C. It was assumed that the first fraction is rich in dipalmitoyl lecithin, and the second fraction is rich in distearoyl lecithin. Freezing and the transition to the liquid-crystal state were accompanied by an increase and decrease in membrane thickness, respectively, in part due to a displacement of the solvent from the torus to the planar part of the bilayer. The displacement of the solvent is explained by changes in the disjoining pressure in BLM, which arises across the lipid bilayer due to van der Waals forces of attraction between water layers on both sides of the BLM.

Animals↗