Dietary fibre and the gastrointestinal tract: differing trophic effects on muscle and mucosa of the stomach, small intestine and colon.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Intestinal colonization”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Colonization of the small intestine of weaned pigs by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that lack known colonization factors.
Intestinal colonization of 3-week-old weaned pigs by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that were originally isolated from weaned pigs with fatal diarrhea and that lacked K88, K99, F41, and 987P adhesins (4P- ETEC) was studied by histologic, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic techniques. In the first experiment, 16 principal pigs were inoculated orogastrically with ETEC strain 2134 (serogroup O157: H19) or 2171 (serogroup 0141:H4), and eight control pigs were not inoculated. In the second experiment, 24 principals were inoculated with ETEC strain 2134, and 12 controls were inoculated with a nonenterotoxigenic strain of E. coli. Principal and control pigs were necropsied at intervals from 24 to 72 hours after inoculation of principals to provide the tissues used for this report. Results from the two experiments and with both ETEC strains were similar and therefore were combined. Adhesion by 4P- ETEC was demonstrated in ileum but not in cecum or colon in 22/40 principal pigs sampled at 24 to 72 hours after orogastric inoculation. Adherent bacteria were most apparent on the intestinal villi covering Peyer's patches. Only occasional adherent bacteria were detected in ileal sections from a few (4/20) of the control pigs. Adherence by 4P- ETEC was characterized by "patches" of bacteria closely associated with the lateral surfaces and less frequently with the tips and the bases of intact villi. In most cases, the adherent bacteria were separated from epithelial cell microvilli and other bacterial cells by a 50-400-nm space. Filamentous bacterial appendages bridged this space and formed a network among adjacent bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Infections after experimental cadaver bone marrow transplantation in beagle dogs. Transplantations with and without selective gastrointestinal decontamination.
Experimental transplantations of cadaver bone marrow (BMT) in beagle dogs were performed to evaluate the problems and potentials in a preclinical setting. The effectiveness of selective decontamination of the gut (SD) and gnotobiotic surveillance in preventing infections during longer aplastic periods was investigated. Three groups of dogs were compared. Group A: controls. Group B: dogs with BMT, without SD and irregular gnotobiotic surveillance. Group C: dogs with BMT, with SD and regular gnotobiotic surveillance. The intestinal colonization of normal healthy beagles shows similarities as well as dissimilarities to the human intestinal microflora. Aerobic potentially pathogenic organisms do not colonize the gut of healthy beagles under our keeping conditions. SD resulted in a significant decrease in infections with Escherichia coli and Plesiomonas. Infections with anaerobes, as well as bacterial infections of the respiratory tract were, however, not prevented. The intestinal colonization in dogs of group C with Clostridium difficile is another obvious effect of SD. The infections encountered during the study indicate the importance of the "take" for the clinical significance and outcome of intestinal colonization with potentially pathogenic organisms. In order to reduce the drug burden of BMT patients, we consider the elimination of routine SD after BMT not to be superior to gnotobiotic surveillance and germ-specific short term decontamination.
Amphotericin B↗
[Diffuse ulcerative lesions in the colon with intestinal Behçet's disease].
Ileocecal region is most commonly affected in intestinal Behçet's disease. Localized deep ulcerations which have a punched-out or undermining appearance with well-defined margin placing in this region had been noted in many cases. 41 patients with intestinal Behçet's disease were observed by colonofiberscope in Teikyo University Hospital from January 1982 to June 1988. In 10% (4 cases) of these patients, diffuse ulcerative lesions in the transverse colon and the distal colon were found. These diffuse lesions in the colon with Behçet's disease were seemed to be much like those associated with inflammatory bowel disease as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in morphological characteristics. The clinical symptoms of these four cases with Behçet's disease including oral aphtha, genital ulcer, joint pain, skin eruptions, and eye involvement, preceded each colonic ulceration. The first two cases were affected with ulcerative lesion in the distal portion of the recto-sigmoid colon and the descending colon. And the last two were involved in the whole transversing colon by multiple deep ulcerations. Wide-spreading ulcerative lesion in the colon with Behçet's disease is a rare condition in the Japanese, and only two papers has been reported previously. Because clinical manifestations between Behçet's disease and inflammatory bowel disease are very similar in many points as oral aphthous ulcers, arthritis, eye involvement, skin eruptions, phlebitis, arterial occlusions, then, an overlapping field or a part of a spectrum of disease has been suggested by some authors. But, in the present circumstances, they are distinct disease entities, we think that these four cases are in an atypical condition with intestinal Behçet's disease.
Adult↗
Proteomic analysis of the small intestine and colon epithelia of adenomatous polyposis coli gene-mutant mice by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) have been implicated in the occurrence of sporadic colon cancer. Various APC mutant strains of mice have been created to better understand the function of this gene. Previously, we had mice express a mutant form of mRNA of the APC protein that encoded 474 amino acids instead of the 2845 amino acids due to exon duplication. These APC mutant mice (APC delta 474) developed intestinal and mammary tumors, as have other APC mutant mice previously reported (Sasai, H., et al. Carcinogenesis, in press). To elucidate the mechanism of the tumor development, we prepared protein samples from both normal and tumor tissues from APC delta 474 mutant mice, as well as tissues from normal mice, and used them for proteomic analysis. After two-dimensional electrophoresis, the gels were silver stained and the protein spots were analyzed. We analyzed about 1000 protein spots per sample and found several protein spots that are specific for normal or tumor samples from APC delta 474 mutant mice, as well as proteins with altered expression levels. Among the identified protein spots, truncated beta-tubulins were specific to APC delta 474 mutant mice polyp samples. The apparent molecular mass of these proteins suggested that these beta-tubulins may be truncated very close to the binding site of the anti-tumor drug taxol.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
Enhancement of rat hepatic and gastrointestinal glutathione and glutathione S-transferases by alpha-angelicalactone and flavone.
The naturally occurring anticarcinogens flavone and alpha-angelicalactone incorporated separately and simultaneously in the diet at 0.5, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01% w/w, were studied with respect to their effects on oesophageal, gastric, intestinal, colonic and hepatic (i) glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity, (ii) GST isozyme levels and (iii) glutathione (GSH) content in male Wistar rats. GST enzyme activity was significantly increased in the three treatment groups at one or more sites. The most substantial inductions were seen in oesophagus and stomach by 0.5% alpha-angelicalactone (1.9- and 2.3-fold respectively); and in small intestine, colon and liver by 0.5% combination diet (2.5-, 1.4- and 4.0-fold respectively). The inducing capacities declined with decreasing anticarcinogen concentrations. GST enzyme activity was induced in liver and to a lesser extent in small intestine and stomach. In general, in combination groups similar effects were seen as after treatment with alpha-angelicalactone or flavone separately. However, colonic GST enzyme activity was increased in the 0.5% combination group (1.4-fold), whereas in the corresponding flavone or alpha-angelicalactone groups no induction was observed. Concomitant changes in GST isozyme levels occurred. The involvement was the highest for GST-alpha (75%), followed by GST-mu (58%) and GST-pi (33%). Increased GSH levels were obtained in stomach and liver in all three treatment groups at various concentrations. These data demonstrate that dietary administration of flavone or alpha-angelicalactone, even at relatively low concentrations, may exert chemopreventive effects in stomach, small intestine, liver and to a lesser extent in oesophagus by enhancing the GST detoxification system, mainly by induction of GST-alpha and GST-mu isozymes. In addition, simultaneous administration of flavone and alpha-angelicalactone may result in anticarcinogenic effects in the colon by the same principle.
4-Butyrolactone↗
Ecological studies of Yersinia enterocolitica. I. Dissemination of Y. enterocolitica in pigs.
Pigs were examined on five farms for carrier status of Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 4, serovar 3, phagovar VIII was isolated consistently from the feces of fattening pigs on one farm and sporadically from those of similar pigs on the other farms and of sows on all five farms, during a one-year period of weekly surveys. Seasonal variation was not a feature of fattening pigs on a highly contaminated farm. In other pigs, however, the organisms were not isolated during the summer months. On a highly contaminated farm, the organisms were excreted in the feces of 8 to 15-week-old pigs within 1-3 weeks of entering pens which were thought to be contaminated with the organisms. On a detailed observation of natural infection of Y. enterocolitica in eight pigs, the organism appeared in the pigs' feces within 2-7 weeks of them being moved to a pen which had been washed thoroughly after becoming contaminated, by a previous group of pigs, with feces containing 10(5) viable organisms per g. Thus, Y. enterocolitica is apparently transmitted from infected feces or picked up from the floor of a contaminated pen, and the regular schedule of pig movement among the pens is an important factor in the spread of Y. enterocolitica within a piggery. Intestinal colonization continues for a long time and does not occur by re-infection. The organisms were not isolated from eight pigs at the time of slaughter, and their serum O-agglutinin titers were 1/40 or less. Thus, circulating antibody may not inhibit intestinal colonization by Y. enterocolitica.
Age Factors↗
The absorptive function of colonic aganglionic intestine: are the Duhamel and Martin procedures rational?
The Lester Martin modification of the Duhamel procedure is an accepted definitive operation for long-segment Hirschsprung's disease, in which considerable use is made of aganglionic bowel. Whether the aganglionic segment contributes to fluid and electrolyte reabsorption is not known. We have modified the technique of nonequilibrium dialysis of the rectum in order to obtain simultaneous measurements of electrolyte transport and transmural potential difference (PD) in 9 infants with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), prior to operation. Six age-matched infants were studied as controls. In the control group Na+ was absorbed electrogenically while K+ secretion was passive and greater than HCO3- secretion. In HD, both NA+ absorption and Cl- absorption were greater than in control children, with Cl- absorption exceeding Na+ absorption. PD was higher in HD infants than in controls, with an associated increase in K+ secretion. HCO3- secretion accounted for the difference between Na+ and Cl- absorption. These data clearly show that aganglionic colon transports electrolytes, and that in the Lester Martin modification of the Duhamel procedure the refashioned colorectum contributes to overall colonic salvage of electrolytes.
Colon↗
Gut-trophic effects of keratinocyte growth factor in rat small intestine and colon during enteral refeeding.
BACKGROUND: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induces proliferation of gut epithelium in rat models, but KGF-nutrient interactions have not been studied. An experimental model of fasting-induced gut atrophy followed by different levels of enteral refeeding was used to investigate the influence of nutrient availability on the gut-trophic effects of exogenous KGF. METHODS: After a 3-day fast, rats were enterally refed either ad libitum or at 25% of ad libitum intake for 3 subsequent days. Either intraperitoneal KGF (5 mg/kg/d) or saline was given in each dietary regimen. Wet weight, DNA, and protein content were measured as indices of full-thickness cellularity in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. Villus height in small bowel segments and crypt depth in all gut tissues were measured as specific indices of mucosal growth. RESULTS: Refeeding at 25% of ad libitum intake significantly decreased full-thickness cellularity and mucosal growth indices in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In the colon, only protein content fell significantly and crypt depth was maintained. KGF administration during 25% refeeding did not alter full-thickness indices in any small bowel segment or affect jejunal mucosal growth. In contrast, KGF normalized duodenal villus height (p < .01) and duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p < .05) only in the 25%-refed model. KGF significantly increased ileal villus height in both ad libitum and 25%-refed rats (by 43% and 48%, respectively, p < .05) and markedly increased colonic cellularity and mucosal crypt depth with both levels of refeeding (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Rat small bowel growth is more sensitive than colon to the level of enteral refeeding after a 3-day fast. KGF administration does not affect jejunal growth, but specifically prevents atrophy of duodenal and ileal mucosa during hypocaloric, hyponitrogenous refeeding. In ileum and colon, some KGF-mediated growth responses are independent of the level of enteral refeeding. Thus gut-trophic effects of KGF and KGF interactions with the level of nutrient intake are tissue-specific.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
Persistent annular erythema of infancy associated with intestinal Candida colonization.
We report a case of persistent annular erythema of infancy in a 4-month-old boy. Physical and laboratory parameters showed no sign of internal disease or specific infection except a massive Candida albicans colonization (> 103 organisms/mm3) of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Oral treatment with amphotericin B for 2 weeks resulted in a complete remission of the skin lesions indicating Candida colonization as a trigger.
Amphotericin B↗
Comparison of prophylactic tetracycline and clioquinol in a rabbit model of intestinal infection with Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli.
The ability of tetracycline and clioquinol to prevent intestinal colonization of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli was tested in a rabbit model. In the model 10(10) bacteria are given via oro-gastric tube following intravenous cimetidine and oral sodium bicarbonate and prior to intraperitoneal tincture of opium. Eighteen hours after challenge the rabbits are sacrificed, and the numbers of the challenge strain remaining in the jejunum and ileum are determined. Tetracycline interrupted the intestinal colonization of V. cholerae and E. coli. Clioquinol however, had minimal effect on the colonization process. Our studies demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic tetracycline but do not support the use of clioquinol to prevent intestinal infection due to these organisms. This rabbit model may also be useful to study the efficacy of other antibiotics against these bacterial infections.
Animals↗
Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in normal and malignant human tissues.
BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is upregulated in androgen-dependent prostate carcinoma and it has been targeted for immunotherapy and diagnosis of this cancer. However, this protein is also expressed in other tissues. The objective of this study is to investigate its expression in normal and malignant human tissues. METHODS: Using monoclonal antibodies 24.4E6 (specific for residues 638-657) and 7E11.C5 (specific for the transmembrane domain of PSMA), immunohistochemical detection of PSMA was performed in surgical specimens. RESULTS: Prostate-specific membrane antigen was detected in the epithelium of prostate, urinary bladder, proximal tubules of kidney, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, breast, fallopian tubes and testicular seminiferous tubules, hippocampal neurons and astrocytes, ependyma, cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland, and ovary stroma. It was also detected in neoplasms of the prostate, kidney, urinary bladder, stomach, small intestine, colon, lung, adrenal gland, and testis. It was not detected in normal seminal vesicles or the lung. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that PSMA is widely distributed in normal tissues, and, depending on the tumors, its expression is up- or down-regulated, or unchanged. The broad distribution of PSMA may make it suitable for the diagnosis and therapy of a wide variety of tumors.
Antigens, Surface↗
Early intestinal bacterial colonization and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: the putative role of Clostridium.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most severe conditions that can affect preterm infants. Although the etiology of NEC remains unknown, initial bacterial colonization could play a pivotal role in the development of NEC. To further explore the putative relationship between pathogen microorganisms and NEC, we conducted a prospective case-control study in 12 preterm infants with a new approach based on molecular techniques. Over an inclusion period of 24 mo, 12 neonates of <34 wk gestational age admitted to the neonatal unit were enrolled. The group included three cases of NEC, and nine control infants without evidence of NEC who were matched for gestational age and birth weight. Stool samples were collected at weekly intervals from all infants. PCR and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S ribosomal DNA were used to detect the establishment of bacterial communities in the digestive tract. A salient feature of the bacteriological pattern was observed only in the three infants who later developed NEC: A band corresponding to the Clostridium perfringens subgroup could be detected in early samples, before diagnosis. There was no evidence for this specific band in any of the nine controls. To our knowledge, the current report is the first to demonstrate that the use of molecular techniques based on the study of bacterial 16S rRNA genes allowed the recognition of C. perfringens species in the first 2 wk of life of three infants who later displayed symptoms of NEC. A significant temporal relationship was thus established between early colonization by Clostridium and the later development of NEC. Compared with conventional bacteriological culturing methods, the use of this new molecular approach to analyze the gastrointestinal ecosystem should therefore allow a more complete and rapid assessment of intestinal flora. Although the current data do not constitute definitive proof that the identified bacterial species was a causative agent in the development of NEC, they outline the promise of this new technique based on molecular biology, and suggest that large-scale studies on a much wider population at high risk for NEC may be warranted.
Birth Weight↗
[Surgical aspects of localizations of bilharziasis in the small intestine, the colon and the rectum. (Apropos of 54 cases)].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Role of volatile fatty acids in colonization resistance to Clostridium difficile.
The in vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile by volatile fatty acids was correlated with the pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the ceca of hamsters of different ages. The concentrations of cecal volatile fatty acids increased with the age of the animals. Maximum concentrations of individual volatile fatty acids were attained when the animals were ca. 19 days old, with acetic, propionic, and butyric acids occurring in the highest concentrations (72, 16, and 32 microequivalents/g of cecum, respectively). The cecal pH was approximately the same in hamsters of all ages (pH 6.6 to 7.0). Only butyric acid reached a concentration in the ceca of hamsters which was inhibitory to the in vitro multiplication of C. difficile. This inhibitory concentration was attained when the animals were ca. 19 days of age. When mixtures of volatile fatty acids were prepared at concentrations equal to those present in the ceca of hamsters, there was a direct correlation between the in vitro inhibitory activity of the volatile fatty acids and the susceptibility of hamsters 4 days of age or older to C. difficile intestinal colonization. The resistance of hamsters less than 4 days of age to C. difficile intestinal colonization appears to be due to factors other than volatile fatty acids.
Aging↗
Immunohistochemical analysis of distribution of RON receptor tyrosine kinase in human digestive organs.
The immunohistochemical distribution of RON receptor tyrosine kinase in digestive organs of both human fetus and adult, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, was investigated semiquantitively using an affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibody. RON was observed to be widely distributed throughout various digestive organs and cell types in humans. The immunoreactivity for RON was observed in the epithelium of the esophagus, small intestine, colon, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and splenic macrophages both in the adult and the fetus, suggesting that the MSP/RON signaling pathway possesses the proper biological properties to possibly be involved in morphogenesis or differentiation of cells in these organs and cell types. Several organs differed in immunoreactivity between adult and fetus. No immunoreactive cells were found in the pancreas of adults; however, immunoreactivity was observed in acinar cells and in some of the duct or ductular cells and endocrine cells of the islet of the fetus. Similarly, immunoreactivity was not observed in gastric mucosa except in the intestinal metaplastic cells in adults; however, immunoreactivity was found in the foveolar epithelium of the stomach of the fetus. Although the biological significance of RON in malignancy is unclear, the presence of RON immunoreactivity in the fetus and it lack in the adult may indicate that RON is a oncofetal substance in human pancreas and stomach.
Adult↗
[Intestinal and colonic ischaemia in the surgery of subdiaphragmatic aorta].
Ischemic colitis resulting in colonic infarction after aortic reconstruction is a highly lethal complication. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition demonstrate that in many instances it may be prevented. Early recognition, particularly of the transmural ischemic injury is essential. Numerous techniques used during surgery for assessing the adequacy of colonic perfusion have been evaluated and found to be inaccurate in terms of predicting colonic ischemia. The purpose of this study is to assess the main monitoring technique for prediction of ischemic colitis during aortic surgery as: colonic mesenteric Doppler signal, inferior mesenteric arteries stump pressure, sigmoidal intramucosal pH and measurement of mucosal capillary haemoglobin oxygen saturation by reflectance spectrophotometry. A 15-year experience with 1912 patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstruction was reviewed to determined both the incidence of intestinal ischemia and the clinical anatomic, and technical factors associated with this complication of aortic surgery
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
[Magnetic resonance imaging of the small intestine and colon in Crohn's disease].
Three normal volunteers and 20 patients with known Crohn's disease were examined with MRI--at 0.5 Tesla and with a superconductive magnet. Coronal T1-weighted GE images were mainly acquired, before and after i.v. Gd-DTPA injection in breath hold (TR 70 ms, TE 13 ms, FA 70 degrees). MR findings were compared with the results of small and large bowel enema. In 6 patients (30%) the abnormal loops were missed. In the other 14 patients (70%) MRI did depict the affected loops in the same sites as depicted by conventional radiography. The bowel wall was thickened (4-10 mm) in all patients. In 10 patients the thickened wall was markedly enhanced after Gd-DTPA injection. In 6 patients MRI demonstrated disease complications--i.e., stenoses, fistulae and abscesses--missed by conventional radiography. In 7 patients MRI showed the bowel to be more involved than demonstrated by conventional studies. Bowel wall thickening appeared to be a constant and reliable sign of disease. Wall enhancement was a less frequent sign but, when present, it was considered as characteristic as wall thickening. In the staging of Crohn's disease, MRI yields more pieces of information than conventional radiography and depicts the involvement of the intestinal wall and of its surrounding spaces.
Colon↗