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PubMed2000

[Morphometric assessment of rat lungs insufflated with liquid fixative at different pressures close to total lung capacity].

INTRODUCTION: Liquid lung fixing through the trachea to a pressure of 25 cmH2O is currently accepted to be ideal. However, some studies do not seem to confirm that assumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The lungs of Fischer rats were filled with fixing liquid to four different pressures: 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm and 35 cmH2O. The fixed lungs were processed for inspection under a light microscope for morphometric study. The following variables were recorded: lung volume, tissue volume, air volume, internal alveolar surface (IAS), alveolar chord to measure the size of the distal air space, and the number of alveoli. Statistical comparisons were performed. RESULTS: Lung volume increased with insufflation pressure, with significant differences related to pressure increases from 20 cm to 25 cm and from 30 cm to 35 cmH2O. Air volume did not change, although tissue volume changed when pressure increased from 20 cm to 30 cmH2O and from 30 cm to 35 cmH2O. The increase of tissue volume was related to extravasation of interstitial fixer. The number of alveoli increased with pressure from 20 to 30 cm and from 30 to 35 cmH2O. IAS increased with pressure from 20 cm and all the other pressures. Alveolar chord, which is related to size of alveoli, decreased significantly as pressure increased from 20 cm to 25 cm. CONCLUSION: A pressure of 25 cmH2O is ideal for liquid fixing of lung volumes. With lower pressures the lung is partially distended and with higher pressures the fluid can pass into the interstitial space.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Venturi insufflation oxygenation during nonintubated endolaryngeal microsurgery.

Two hundred patients are reviewed in whom endolaryngeal suspension microsurgical procedures were performed under intravenous anesthesia and Venturie insufflation oxygenation without significant complication. The technique allowed the glottic space to remain free of cumbersome intraluminal apparatus. Arterial blood studies revealed that adequate oxygenation was achieved while normal pH and PCO2 was maintained. It is a technique which should be considered in microsurgical laryngeal procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Prevention of tracheal lesions by rhythmic insufflation of the intubation catheter ballone].

The prevention of tracheal lesions due to the ballons of the intubation catheters depends on the correction of several factors concerning: -the material used (polyvinyl is better tolerated than rubber); -the shape (the sleeve-shape balloons are less traumatic); -the pressure of use, which should remain moderate; -the permanence of the compression (one should use intermittent filling of the ballon). A device designed by the authors and which is described here, permits intermittent insufflation of the ballons of the endotracheal catheters, by adaptation of certain apparatus of artificial ventilation, type LOGIC and SF4, has given excellent results.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Haemodynamic effects produced by insufflation of carbon dioxide into the abdominal cavity during laparoscopy.

Nine healthy women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy during balanced anaesthesia without halothane. Heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output were measured before and after insufflation of carbon dioxide in to the abdominal cavity. The cardiac output was measured by a bedside radiocardiographic apparatus using 113Indium as a tracer. There was remarkable stability of the cardiovascular system during laparoscopy with only slight rise in blood pressure.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

[Statistical analysis of body and lung mass of animals subjected to a single experimental insufflation of soil dust and electro-energetic ashes].

The studies were performed on 44 white female Wistar rats which were intratracheally administered the suspension of the soil dust and the electro-energetic ashes. The electro-energetic ashes were collected from 6 different local heat and power generating plants while the soil dust from several random places of our country. The statistical analysis of the body and the lung mass of the animals subjected to the single dust and ash insufflation was performed. The applied variants proved the statistically significant differences between the body and the lung mass. The observed differences are connected with the kinds of dust and ash used in the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hysteroscopy using a CO2 tubal insufflator without the vacuum cannula.

The CO2 tubal insufflator delivers CO2 at 30 ml. per minute at pressure not exceeding 150 mm. of Hg. The vacuum cannula is not used. Any leakage of gas is controlled by applying a Vulsellum laterally. 78 Hysteroscopies were done using this technique. The procedure was unsatisfactory in 4 cases (5.1%). Out of 61 (78.2%) cases of infertility, there was some pathology in 35 (57.4%) cases. Out of 8 (10.2%) cases of menometrorrhagia, 6 (75%) had polypoidal endometrium, localised or diffuse and 1 (12.5%) had a fibroid. 1 (1.3%) case of postmenopausal bleeding had an endometrial polyp, which was removed. Of the 5 (6.4%) cases of amenorrhea, 4 (80%) had synechia which could be divided. 1 (1.3%) case of dysmenorrhoea had an endometrial polyp which was removed. 2 (2.6%) Lost IUDs were also removed. Operative hysteroscopy was done in 13 (16.6%) cases; removal of lost IUD--2 cases (15.4%); removal of endometrial polyp--4 cases (30.8%); division of synechiae--6 cases (46.1%) and division of septum--1 case (7.7%). Hysteroscopy was useful in diagnosing pathology in 64% of cases and treating them in 16.6% cases.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1985

Gas exchange during microsurgery of the larynx using Foley catheter insufflation technique--preliminary results.

The technique of insufflating anesthetic gases via oro-tracheal Rusch type Foley catheter with spontaneous ventilation for microsurgery of the larynx is described. Fifteen unselected patients were used to assess the adequacy of gas exchange with this technique. Arterial blood gas analysis was carried out 5 minutes and 25 minutes after induction of anesthesia. The results at 25 minutes indicate adequate gas exchange. There was a significant increase in the PaO2 at 25 minutes but the decrease in PaCO2 at 25 minutes was insignificant. The technique also provided very satisfactory conditions for surgery with only minimal risk of gross tracheal soiling. No dysrhythmias were encountered and there was hemodynamic stability in all cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Double-contrast with insufflated barium-meal technic in the routine radiological study of the esophagus].

The results are reported of the esophagus double contrast examination with "Insufflated Barium Meal" technique as first part of the routine upper digestive system radiological examination. This technique gives good double contrast without those artifacts using effervescent powders and without modifying the normal radiological alimentary tract examination established way. The double contrast is administered by a special container with a built-in mouthpiece which allows the simultaneous ingestion of barium suspension and air. The esophageal mucosa can be examined as far as the distal tract where frequently the barium contrast stops using different techniques. Good results in 90% of patients have been obtained. The early detection of inflammatory and tumoral lesions has taken particular advantage in patients sometimes asymptomatic.

Air↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in compliance of the intact thorax under rising insufflation pressure and the limits of physiological elasticity: studies on guinea pigs].

Pressure-volume curves of 26 guinea pigs, weighing 124 and 1135 grams were recorded; the curves being achieved by a gradual inflation of the lungs in the intact thorax. The presentation of the compliance alteration as a function of insufflation pressure (IFP) shows a uniform inflation characteristic, independent of body weight: the high level of compliance at the beginning of the curve starts to decrease at an IFP value of 0/76 kPa and falls gradually to approximately a third of the starting value, yet at an IFP value of 1.9 kPa the curve rises sharply again. Complete pressure-volume loops of 8 guinea pigs, achieved by inflating, relaxing and re-inflating the lungs, were also recorded. Where the IFP value was less than 1.9 kPa the inflation curves were identical. Where the IFP value, however, was greater than 1.9 kPa the adaptation phenomenon described by BERNSTEIN [6] with increasing hysteresis and "air trapping" appeared. One may conclude, therefore, that with an IFP value of 1.9 kPa the limit of the physiological expansion of the guinea pigs' lungs is reached.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative analysis of the therapeutic effect of endolumbar insufflation of air and nitrous oxide in patients with epileptic seizures].

A total of 272 patients with epileptic seizures were examined and treated, using pneumoencephalography (PEG). In 185 cases, the cerebral fluid was insufflated with air and in 87 cases with nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide was administered at a faster rate and in larger amounts but the patients tolerated this manipulation much easier. In the nitrous oxide group, the seizures abated in 49 patients (56.32%). In the air group, remission occurred in 45 patients (23.78%). A more prominent therapeutic effect of nitrous oxide was observed in all patients irrespective of either their age or the etiology, character and frequency of epileptic attacks or the EEG and PEG changes. Nitrous oxide is recommended for wide application for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Epilepsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perforation of the large intestine caused by compressed air. Experimental studies reconstructing compressed air insufflation].

A foreign worker died after a compressed air injury. The insufflation of high pressure air into the anus caused multiple ruptures in the part anterior of the dilated sigmoid and colon descending. For the reconstruction of the case it was necessary to know the minimum distance between the nozzle and the gluteal region. Experimental work has shown that clothing does offer protection against the high pressure air and colon perforations can only be expected if there is a small distance between the jet of the compressed air and the anal region.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1982

[The double contrast hysterography using CO2 insufflation (author's transl)].

The double contrast hysterography, which was performed by the continuous CO2 insufflation with the ordinary HSG, was applied to 162 infertile patients. Forty-nine of 162 patients showed the abnormal findings by this method. Hysteroscopic or histological examinations revealed that 26 of these patients had hyperplasia, 15 had polyp, 2 had myoma and 1 had intrauterine foreign body. When these results were compared with those obtained by ordinary HSG, it was found that the double contrast hysterography would be more useful to investigate the detailed intrauterine changes such as hyperplasia or polyp than the ordinary HSG, and, therefore, would be a useful aid in the clinical care.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1981

[The treatment of chronic adhesive otitis by tympanoplasty and active self-insufflation according to valsalva (author's transl)].

More than one year after tympanoplasty 85 to 95% of the followed up middle ears are aerated. The percentage depends on the degree of the preoperative adhesive process. We see the reason of this surprising success on the one hand in some special steps during operation (consequent silastic sheeting, preservation of the posterior bony canal with a deep middle ear cleft, visualisation of the tympanic orifice of the tube, widening of the natural connection between tympanon and mastoid without opening the chorda-facial-angle, some times mastoidectomy), on the other hand in a consequent postoperative follow up together with the surgeon until the ear is surely aerated controlled by self-insufflation (Valsalva). Therefore a preoperative tubal dysfunction is no contraindication for tympanoplasty: all ears should be operated. Because of the good results in hearing after just one operation, we try to rebuild the ossicular chain during the first intervention to avoid as often as possible a staged surgery.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1995

[Value of transtracheal oxygen insufflation in the weaning period after long-term ventilation].

BACKGROUND: In many cases, respiratory muscle failure is the reason for unsuccessful weaning attempts after long-term ventilation. Therapeutic measures must therefore be aimed at unloading the respiratory pump. In this present study we examined whether, in particular, the transtracheal O2-insufflation (TTO2) results in a change of breathing patterns and unloads the respiratory muscles. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 6 patients (5 males, age 65.6 +/- 3.9 years, diagnosis: chronic obstructive lung disease), who received long-term mechanical ventilation in outward intensive care units. Baseline resting data (arterial blood gas analysis, the breathing frequency and the minute volume) were obtained with the patients breathing room air for 1 hour. After receiving TTO2 with a flow of 21/min for another 1-hour-period the measurements were repeated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In our study we could show that the TTO2 leads to an impressive decrease in inspiratory work of breathing-relative to the minute ventilation by about 28%. Therefore TTO2 is of great importance in the weaning phase subsequent to prolonged mechanical ventilation due to the respiratory muscle failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A technique for needle insufflation in obese patients.

Creation of pneumoperitoneum as the first step in closed laparoscopy and the insertion of a primary trocar are the only "blind" steps in laparoscopy. These steps have occasionally been associated with technical difficulties and complications and with prolonged operative time. These problems are compounded in obese patients. In this report, we describe a simple and safe technique for needle insufflation and insertion of a primary trocar. With this technique, instead of lifting and elevating the anterior abdominal wall by grasping the skin and panniculus adiposus with hands or tennaculae, the abdominal fascia is grasped with two Kocher clamps and then lifted and held immobile during needle and trocar insertion. This maneuver provides much better visual and tactile control and is done more expeditiously, particularly in obese patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Foley catheter for salpingography, pneumonography, tubal insufflation, and hydrotubation.

Using a pediatric Foley catheter, salpingography, CO2 insufflation, hydrotubation, pelvic pneumography, pelvic pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopy, and pneumohysterosalpingography were performed in more than 1000 cases. The Foley catheter technic was fully described and the advantages outlined. In general, the Foley catheter proved to be a simple and atraumatic technic, eliminating some of the difficulties associated with the use of the metal cannula.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1997

Simultaneous hemodynamic and echocardiographic changes during abdominal gas insufflation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiovascular changes during CO2 pneumoperitoneum. We performed simultaneous hemodynamic recordings and transesophageal echocardiographic measurements of possible alterations in cardiac dimensions. Seven patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were investigated. With an intraabdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure increased from 75 to 93 mm Hg (p < 0.05). Despite the increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) from 10 (9.5-12) to 17 (16-19.9) mm Hg (p < 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic area index (EDAI) did not change significantly. The cardiac index remained unchanged. Thus abdominal gas insufflation substantially alters the PCWP/EDAI relation. During pneumoperitoneum, left ventricular filling pressure, estimated by PCWP, cannot be used as an indicator of left ventricular dilation.

Adult↗