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PubMed1988

[Handling missing data in coverage estimation, with application to the 1986 Test of Adjustment Related Operations].

"This paper discusses methods used to handle missing data in post-enumeration surveys for estimating census coverage error, as illustrated for the 1986 Test of Adjustment Related Operations (Diffendal 1988). The methods include imputation schemes based on hot-deck and logistic regression models as well as weighting adjustments. The sensivity of undercount estimates from the 1986 test to variations in the imputation models is also explored." The test was carried out in Central Los Angeles County, California.

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relations between mental deficinency and infanticide for "honoris causa"].

After giving hints about the world-wide spreading of infanticide and the factors affecting it, the Author examines causes and imputability. The psychological habitual and exceptional features of the infant-murder are considered in view of the so-called "honoris causa". It would result that a poor mental ability, a particular mood, the fear of disgrace generally are disregarded before the fundamental ethical inferiority. The Author does not agree upon an over benevolente valuation of the many cases where the moral immaturity is determinant, according to law rules which do not make the imputability depend on the ethical evaluation of ene's action; and for mental insufficiency, the decrease in one's responsability is maintained as justifiable not on the light of au honour motive but of mental ill-health.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed2002

[Impact of the development of anesthesia protocols on the incidence of peri-anesthetic anaphylactoid reactions].

INTRODUCTION: What impact does the use of new drugs and latex gloves it have on the frequency and the severity of peri-anaesthetic anaphylactoid reactions? Does the evolution of in vitro techniques does represent a progress in the imputability of the substances at the origin of the shock? THE METHODS: They include the letter from the anaesthetic doctor, the questioning by the allergologist, skin tests (Pricks, IDR) with the anaesthetic substances and the latex according to the GERAP protocol and the biologic tests (Human Basophilic Degranulation test (TDBH), Radio ImmunoAssay (RIA), leukotrienes E4 assay (LTC4), Flow Cytometry (CMF)). THE RESULTS: 386 patients were explored (289 women and 88 men, mean age 41.5 years). The muscle relaxants are the first cause of anaphylaxis 77%. Muscle relaxants cross allergy is found in 55.1%. The Latex, tested since 1989 with Allerbio and Stallergenes extracts, is responsible for 25 shocks with one death and 15 with grade III or IV. Preventive antibiotherapy, since consensus meeting of 1992, seems responsible of 17 accidents. 116 TDBH, 216 RIA, 17LTC4 and 47CMF. TDBH are made concordant with skin tests in 48.2% against, 71.2% for the RIA. CONCLUSION: The experience of 17 years of allergo-anaesthetic consultation confirms the first row for the muscles relaxants for the target of anaphylactic shock, but the imputability of Vecuronium and Rocuronium increases to the detriment of the Suxamethonium. The Latex is in the second row, but the target questioning, the systematic use of Prick tests and "latex free" surgery room limit its increase which should change down. The antibiotherapy occupies the third row and might increase. 54 accidents have remained unexplained.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Incontinence Quality of Life Instrument in a survey of primary care physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) Instrument in measuring the impact of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of family medicine patients. STUDY DESIGN: Postal survey. Multiple imputations of missing answers. Linear regression analysis of I-QOL predictors. Comparison by receiver operating characteristic of the I-QOL and the Short Form 12 (SF-12). POPULATION: Women 45 years or older attending either of 2 family medicine clinics. Response rate was 605 (61%) of 992. OUTCOMES MEASURED: Prevalence of stress, urge, and mixed incontinence. Scores on the I-QOL and SF-12 instruments. RESULTS: Of the 605 respondents, 310 (51%) reported urinary incontinence in the month before the survey. One or more items were missing on 19% of the I-QOL scales and scores were imputed. The relation between I-QOL and the number of leakage episodes was nonlinear. I-QOL scores decreased with the number of episodes, the amount of leakage, and poorer general health. There was no association between the I-QOL and age, education, or type of incontinence. The I-QOL was more sensitive than the SF-12 to the statement, "urinary incontinence is a problem." CONCLUSIONS: The I-QOL is a useful instrument for the investigation of incontinence-related quality of life in the community setting.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Drug induced anosmia with nifedipine].

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced dysosomia is rare and its prevalence difficult to estimate, notably because of the lack of satisfactory criteria of imputability. OBSERVATION: In a 59 year-old patient consulting for olfactory disorders that had progressed over the past 4 month, diagnosis of dysosomia secondary to the administration of nifedipine was maintained with a considerable score of imputability (negative clinical controls and partial regression of the disorder). COMMENTS: Drugs used in cardiology represent one of the major therapeutic classes that can lead to dysfunction in smell and/or taste. These drugs are nifedipine reported in 1985, metoprolol (beta blocker), diltiazem and, more recently, enalapril.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed2003

VDD pacemaker replacement independently of the implanted lead: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Single-lead VDD pacing is effective, safe and reliable. The only still open, practical issue is represented by the theoretical need of replacing each device with a similar one compatible with the already implanted lead to guarantee the performance of the system. The aim of our study was to investigate the atrial sensing performance of VDD pacemakers working in combination with non-dedicated chronic leads. METHODS: We enrolled 16 consecutive patients (12 males, 4 females, mean age 78 +/- 7 years) admitted to our institution for end of life of the battery. Atrial dipoles ranged from 5 to 30 mm. All replacements were done with a VDD(R) Saphir 3 (Vitatron) designed for an atrial dipole of 8.6 mm. RESULTS: All pacemakers were found to be performing well without any complaint by the patients imputable to stimulation defects. The P-wave amplitudes measured by the old and new pacemakers are similar and respectively 0.64 +/- 0.40 vs 0.73 +/- 0.53 mV (p = NS). So the old and new devices detect similar P waves. The atrial sensing percentage at 1 month of follow-up with the new pacemaker was even better than that of the old one (97 +/- 4 vs 95 +/- 3% respectively, p = 0.016): this is not imputable to the pacemaker but to the higher programmed atrial sensitivity (0.17 +/- 0.06 vs 0.18 +/- 0.07 mV respectively, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Independently of the implanted lead, the replacement of VDD pacemakers with devices designed for a short dipole is feasible, safe and reliable. This possibility overcomes a presumed limitation of this pacing modality.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Estimation of non-response bias in the Medicare FFS HOS.

We examined non-response bias in physical component summary scores (PCS) and mental component summary scores (MCS) in the Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) Health Outcomes Survey (HOS) using two alternative methods, response propensity weighting and imputation for non-respondents. The two approaches gave nearly identical estimates of non-response bias. PCS scores were 0.74 points lower and MCS scores 0.51 points lower after adjustment for non-response through imputation and 0.63 and 0.46 lower after adjustment for propensity weighting. These levels are small for component scores suggesting that survey non-response to the FFS HOS does not adversely affect estimates of average health status for this population.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tuberculosis and exposed personnel: prevention and surveillance].

Tuberculosis is defined as an occupational disease for healthcare and laboratory personnel for the Social security (table no 40). This table was modified in 1998 in order to deal with, not only pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis-disease, but also with primary infections. Coverage is specific for hospital personnel; the disease is imputable to the service, imputability acknowledged by the departmental reform commissions, after expertise. For private institutions, the total number of cases for healthcare personnel is reported to the CNAM (national insurance system), that is to say 30 to 50 cases per year including 90% of pleuro-pulmonary cases (1989-2000). Tuberculosis-infection (primary infections) has been reported since 1998 (1998: 2 cases; 1999: 10 cases; 2000: 23 case). There is no centralized collection of cases for public hospitals. In the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (approximately 60,000 paramedics), 30 cases of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and four primary infections were reported as occupational diseases from 1997 to 2001, that is to say approximately six cases per year among hospital personnel, not including physicians. A census made at the time of the previous report in 1995 showed higher figures: 94 reported cases of tuberculosis declared from 1987 to 1992 (an average of slightly more than 15 cases per year).

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed2005

[Urticarian vasculitis. A case report after sulfamethoxazoletriméthoprime ingestion].

Urticarian vasculitis (UV) is an anatomoclinical disorder characterized by the association of urticarian papules lasting for more than 24 hours with histological cutaneous vasculitis. Several etiologies are associated with the disease. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with a-two-month history of urticarial purpuric and necrotic cutaneous lesions of the low limbs. These lesions occurred after oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime ingestion, 2 weeks before the skin eruption. Histological examination revealed a leucocytoclasic vasculitis and direct immunofluorescence showed a perivascular IgG and C3 deposits. Immunological, allergological and radiological investigations were normal. The pharmacological enquiry confirmed the imputability of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime in the onset of skin eruption. Mild cutaneous improvement was observed after 3 months of treatment with prednisone 0,5 mg/Kg/day. Drug induced urticaria constitutes a rare etiology of UV. Sulfaminthoxazole-trimethoprime imputability has not been reported before among the drug responsible for UV. Management of patients is difficult and improvement usually occurs after several months because of the resistance of the skin lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A managerial approach to costing fixed assets in health care organizations: the role of depreciation and interest.

The economic aspect of depreciation and interest on capital are incorporated within a managerial accounting framework by treating both items as imputed charges to be debited to the users of the assets' services. The costs of these services is examined for individual assets that provide either uniform or declining service over the expected life, and for a stock of assets where the character of the individual assets is ignored. By using imputed charges, the hospital's net income is allocated to its sources.

Accounting↗
PubMed1991

National Survey of Family Growth: design, estimation, and inference.

The purpose of this report is to document the procedures used in the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to select the sample, weight the data to produce national estimates, impute missing data, and estimate sampling errors. Therefore, this report necessarily contains a great deal of technical detail. For readers who do not need this level of detail, this summary briefly describes the procedures used. The National Survey of Family Growth is conducted every few years by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The purpose of the survey is to collect and publish data from a national sample of women on childbearing, factors affecting childbearing (such as contraception, sterilization, and infertility), and related aspects of maternal and infant health. Interviewing for Cycle IV of the survey was done in 1988 by Westat, Inc., under a contract with NCHS. Personal interviews were conducted between January and August of 1988 with a national sample of 8,450 women in the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Interviews were conducted in person by trained female interviewers and lasted an average of 70 minutes. The interview focused on the woman's pregnancies, if any; her use of contraception; her ability to bear children (fecundity and infertility); her use of medical services for family planning, infertility, and prenatal care; her marriage and cohabitation history, if any; and a wide range of demographic and economic characteristics. This report describes some of the main methodological aspects of the survey, including the sample design, weighting, sampling errors, and imputation of missing data. These topics will be described briefly and less technically in this summary. Each topic is discussed in more detail in the rest of the report.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gestational age reporting and preterm delivery.

This study examines recent trends in the reporting completeness and quality of gestational age estimates derived from the date of the last normal menses (DLNM) as reported in South Carolina vital records from 1974 to 1985. Noteworthy improvements in the completeness of reporting emerged during this period with a decline from 31.1 percent missing information in 1974 to 6.6 percent missing in 1985. Completeness of reporting and strategies for imputing values for missing data were analyzed for their impact on the calculation of the percentage of preterm live births. The results indicate that the underreporting of gestational age can lead to marked underestimation of the preterm percentage in a population and to misinterpretation of trends in these percentages. Based on the results of this analysis, it is recommended that preterm percentages be based on cases with DLNM gestational age values between 20 and 50 weeks. Since cases with missing or implausible gestational age data have a greater risk of a poor pregnancy outcome, these findings emphasize the importance of identifying both the completeness of data reporting and the use of imputation and deletion strategies when employing population-based DLNM data to calculate gestational age related indicators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Forensic expert opinion on sexual delinquents].

The author gives a critical account of the development of views regarding the imputability of sexual delinquents and the possibility of protective therapy in sexual deviations. The attitudes of specialists are changing constantly and an uniform opinion was not achieved so far. The author conceives sexual deviation as a mental disorders which in some instances may reduce the imputability of the person in relation to the sexual delict. Modern therapeutic procedures try to apply in indicate cases a comprehensive therapeutic approach combining biological therapy and psychotherapy.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of hemodynamics costs. A multicenter study based on consumed resources].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to know actual hemodynamic explorations costs in Spain, not only direct but total imputation costs, through a registration of duration, resources and disposables used in this minimally invasive exploration. Also to explore the variability in costs and consumptions between hospitals with similar technology in catheterization practice. METHODS: The effective duration, supplies consumptions and manpower resources utilized in 762 diagnostic catheterization, 217 therapeutic coronarographies, and 32 Inoue mitral valvotomies have been registered and analyzed in four public Spanish hospitals. The direct costs have been calculated through purchase and repair bills and officials wages. The indirect ones through repercussion judgements, and the amortization on a ten years imputation process. RESULTS: The consumption, duration and manpower data are shown with media and standard deviations. Final costs are: 106,879 pesetas for a diagnostic catheterization, 545,614 pesetas for a therapeutic coronarography, and 556,315 pesetas for a mitral Inoue valvotomy. Significative differences have been demonstrated between hospitals affecting the majority of consumption and manpower variables. There are also wide differences on indirect costs, amortization and maintenance costs. CONCLUSIONS: The catheterization costs are high in Spain mainly due to disposable material costs in spite of low manpower costs in public hospitals. The indirect administration costs are of relative importance in diagnostic catheterization, but in the therapeutic ones the only important payment are the disposable material costs who get the 85% of total cost. The differences between hospitals in durations and consumptions show the need to improve medical protocols. The differences in indirect costs reflect different steps in implementation of hospital management tools.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1993

[Vasculitis complicating treatment with streptokinase: delayed allergic reaction].

The authors report a case of vascular purpura occurring eleven days after the injection of streptokinase for a myocardial infarction. This adverse event falls within a context of hypersensitivity vasculitis (type III). In this particular case, imputation to the thrombolytic agent was established by the official method for the imputation of adverse or toxic effects of drugs. Routine renal function studies were normal. The outcome was satisfactory following rest only but the existence of a mixed cryoglobulinemia, responsible secondarily for cold-related distal ischemic symptomatology of the lower limbs led to the successful prescription of a short course of corticosteroids.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Pharmaco-epidemiologic evaluation of rilmenidine in 18,235 hypertensive patients].

OBJECTIVES: Assess the effects of rilmenidine in routine clinical practice. METHODS: 18,235 patients with high blood pressure--mean age 61.2 years, arterial systolic pressure in supine position (SSP) over arterial diastolic pressure in supine position (SDP) at day 0: 174.58 +/- 0.12/101.51 +/- 0.06 mmHg--were followed by 2,072 general physicians. Treatment was initiated with a daily dose of 1 mg rilmenidine which was adapted as needed at different times in the study. At inclusion, diastolic pressure was between 90 and 115 mmHg in 84.5% of the patients; 1,126 patients had severe hypertension (SDP > or = 115 mmHg); 16,496 of these patients (81.5%) were followed for one year. RESULTS: Mean fall in blood pressure between day 0 and month 12 was -28.7/-19.3 mmHg in the overall study population and -27.4/-18.9 mmHg in patients treated with 1 mg/day. Mean fall in blood pressure was comparable in the 8 risk populations identified. The percentage of patients who achieved normalized blood pressure status was 96.2% (SDP < or = 90 mmHg); 59.1% with a 1 mg daily dose, 23.7% with 2 mg/day, 11.6% with two-drug treatment and 1.8% with three-drug treatment. Acceptability, taking into account all possible imputabilities (more than 35,000 coprescriptions) and associated diseases, the incidence of undesirable side effects never exceeded 5.6% of the overall study population (5.2% in single-drug treatment, 8.3% in two- or three-drug treatment) and only 3.6% of the patients withdrew from the study due to an undesirable effect whether imputable to the treatment or not. There was little change in heart rate (mean--3 beats per minute between day 0 and month 12); variations observed depended on the rate at study onset. Laboratory tests (blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, potassium, creatinine, uric acid) were not changed in any of the population groups. CONCLUSIONS: This pharmaco-epidemiologic study showed that the benefit/acceptability ratio for rilmenidine is quite satisfactory and confirms the contribution of rilmenidine as first line treatment for hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dose-dependent number of implants and implications in developmental toxicity.

This paper proposes a method for assessing risk in developmental toxicity studies with exposure prior to implantation. The method proposed in this paper was developed to account for a dose-dependent trend in the number of implantation sites per dam, which is a common problem in studies with exposure prior to implantation. Toxins may have the effect of interfering with the early reproductive process, which can prevent implantation in the uterine wall. An imputation procedure is presented for estimating the number of potential fetuses by sampling from the empirical distribution of the number of implants per litter in the control group. The marginal death outcomes and the joint malformation and survival outcomes for each potential fetus can be estimated using multiple imputation or the chained data augmentation algorithm. Logit models can then be fit and used to estimate the effect of dose on reducing the probability of a normal birth. These models accommodate multiple covariate effects and can be applied to low-dose extrapolation. A simulation study is done to evaluate the properties of model-based estimators of the mean response and the virtually safe dose level (VSD). It was found that both estimates were good approximations of the underlying dose effect. A dominant lethal assay data set (Luning et al., 1966, Mutation Research 3, 444-451) is analyzed, and the results are compared with those of Rai and Van Ryzin.

Animals↗