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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Particularities in children poisoning.

Poisoning in childhood mostly by ingestion of toxics, remains a frequent and potentially severe accident. They are generally avoidable and preventive programs should be reinforced. The action of the centre antipoison (CAP) in this field must be encouraged. Methods of emergency gastrointestinal decontamination are presented. It should facilitate the acute management of children suffering from poisoning by ingestion. Carbon monoxyde poisoning is very frequent and more severe than we usually think because it induces various sequellae. We developed a prospective study to determine the occurrence of unsuspected carbon monoxyde poisoning in children presenting a variety of symptoms.

Belgium↗
PubMed2005

Parallax view.

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Emetics↗
PubMed1984

Deferoxamine treatment of acute iron intoxication in pregnancy.

Acute iron intoxication in pregnancy presents a dilemma to the clinician. Toxic levels of iron are associated with severe complications and can be fatal, but the effective iron chelator, deferoxamine, has possible teratogenic potential. The present report discusses the clinical indications that can support the administration of deferoxamine for iron intoxication in pregnancy and discusses the benefits and risks of its usage.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1986

Cyclic antidepressant overdose in children: a proposed treatment protocol.

Cyclic antidepressant overdose is a major cause of drug overdose deaths and morbidity in the United States. The cyclic antidepressants are prescribed widely by primary care physicians and psychiatrists, and accidental overdose in children is not uncommon. Children have exhibited toxic effects with relatively small amounts of cyclic antidepressants. The management of cyclic antidepressant overdose is difficult because of the complex effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The pertinent pharmacology of cyclic antidepressants in therapeutic amounts and in overdose is reviewed in this article. The clinical manifestations of cyclic antidepressant overdose are described. A protocol for effective management of cyclic antidepressant overdose in children is proposed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Initial management of adolescent overdoses.

A retrospective study of pediatric patients presenting to a community hospital emergency department with acute intentional toxidromes was conducted. The characteristics of these patients and their initial medical management were reviewed. Forty-six patients were included in this study with 35 recreational overdoses and 11 suicide attempts or gestures. The mean age of these patients was 15.8 (range 10 to 18 years). The most commonly abused substance was ethanol, followed in frequency by benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Initial management centered on active airway management, gastrointestinal decontamination, and extended observation. Ten patients were intubated, lavaged, extubated, and subsequently discharged from the emergency department. Only one patient required hospital admission. The value of toxicologic screens, emergency department endotracheal intubations, gastric lavage, and charcoal/cathartic therapy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea and cardiovascular collapse in a young child owing to environmentally acquired cocaine.

Acute crack cocaine intoxication has become a significant problem in both adolescent and adult patients. Recently, cases of cocaine toxicity in infants and toddlers have been described. We report a four-year-old child with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea and shock after intoxication by crack cocaine. Acute cocaine intoxication should be considered in the differential for hemorrhagic diarrhea and shock. The gastrointestinal decontamination following cocaine ingestion is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Ondansetron to prevent emesis following N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen intoxication.

We present a 17-year-old girl who developed persistent vomiting following acetaminophen overdose. Because of the amount of drug ingested (300 mg/kg acetaminophen) and the four-hour postingestion level (256 micrograms/ml), administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was indicated. Emesis occurred immediately following the first three doses of NAC despite administering the drug by continuous nasogastric drip over one hour. Prior to the next attempt, ondansetron (0.15 mg/kg) was administered intravenously as an antiemetic. Thirty minutes following ondansetron, NAC was tolerated without further emesis. Although several antiemetics may have prevented further emesis, we chose ondansetron since, as a serotonin antagonist, it does not cause extrapyramidal side effects or sedation. In patients with potentially toxic drug ingestions, these side effects may be confused with or mask the adverse effects of the ingested drug, thereby interfering with the ongoing evaluation of the patient. Although not previously administered for this indication, ondansetron has several advantages over other antiemetic agents in the setting of an acute drug ingestion.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1985

Potentially toxic theophylline ingestions: are heroic measures indicated?

We have treated six patients with theophylline overdoses, all of whom had high blood theophylline levels but lacked symptoms of serious toxicity. All improved with conservative therapy. While other reports of theophylline overdose describe aggressive therapy in patients with high blood levels and serious toxic signs, we believe blood levels cannot be used to predict serious toxic reactions. The symptoms that precede toxic convulsions--excitation, irritability, twitching, and alertness--are more valuable than blood medication levels as indicators of the need for aggressive therapy.

Charcoal↗
PubMed1994

Iron poisoning in children.

Iron overdose is the most common cause of poisoning death in children. Accidental ingestion is common because iron-containing compounds are readily available, brightly colored, often sugar coated, and frequently considered "harmless vitamins" by parents. The management of iron intoxication is controversial. This article describes the clinical presentation of iron overdose and addresses some of the most recent controversies in management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Forgiving heart.

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Humans↗
PubMed1994

Volunteer models for predicting antiemetic activity of 5-HT3-receptor antagonists.

1. Selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonists are highly effective in preventing nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Their pharmacological activity may be determined in vitro and in animal models of emesis. However, these methods may not give an accurate indication of the antiemetic dose range of 5-HT3-receptor antagonists in patients. Two volunteer models have been used to predict more accurately clinically effective antiemetic doses of 5-HT3-receptor antagonists. 2. The flare response to intradermal 5-HT is thought to be mediated by excitation of 5-HT3-receptors on cutaneous afferents, with release of substance P and subsequent vasodilation. Antagonism of the flare response appears to provide an indication of the effective antiemetic dose of 5-HT3-receptor antagonists but data on duration of action are conflicting. 3. Ipecacuanha-induced emesis is thought to be mediated through both peripheral and central 5-HT3-receptors. Antagonism of this response has demonstrated a close correlation with clinically effective antiemetic doses of the specific 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, ondansetron, and has the advantage of being more conceptually relevant than the flare model. 4. Further work, with newer 5-HT3-receptor antagonists, will clarify the role of these models as predictive of the use of these drugs in clinical practice.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1984

Occupational allergy due to inhalation of ipecacuanha dust.

A number of workers packing ipecacuanha tablets were complaining of allergic symptoms. Skin-prick tests, RAST and an assessment of clinical history by interview were used to confirm the presence of work-related allergy. Specific IgE antibodies to ipecacuanha were detected and the occurrence of antibodies correlated with the incidence of allergic symptoms. The individuals with positive RAST scores had been employed, on average, longer than those with negative scores. It was found that atopy did not predispose the workers to work-related allergy and that there was no correlation between smoking and respiratory symptoms in this population.

Allergens↗