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[The effect of psychopharmaca on different personalities].
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The use of color for the secondary elaboration of the dream.
Freud's term sekundäre Bearbeitung has been translated as both "secondary revision" and "secondary elaboration." In keeping with a distinction made by Silber (1973), the term secondary elaboration is used in this paper to indicate the process by which further dream modification occurs after dream recall in order to deepen the disguise of the manifest content for the analyst. Clinical cases are presented in an attempt to demonstrate the sole use of color for the alteration of dreams subsequent to their initial recall. Secondary elaboration in these cases is attributed to resistance to transference. Further, the clinical material indicates that the secondary elaboration simultaneously serves a communicative function.
[Various aspects of the pathogenesis and treatment of hysterical neurosis and hysterical neurotic personality development].
The authors studied 53 patients with hysterical neurosis and 66 with hysterical neurotic development of personality. Factors contributing to an unfavourable course of neurosis and its transformation into a hysterical development were elicited; clinical variants of the formation of the hysterical neurotic personality development are described. A study was carried out aimed at comparing the functions of the serotoninergic and cholinergic systems in patients with hysterical neurosis, hysterical development and hysteroid psychopathy at the stage of decompensation. An increase in the changes in these systems in the "neurosis-development-psychopathy" series and their time-course were defined in the process of treatment. On the basis of the clinical and laboratory data, a conclusion was drawn about the advantage of treating the hysterical development with phenothiazine drugs as compared with tranquilizers.
On the psychodynamics of asthenic developments in middle-aged men of single status (known as asthenia of bachelors) (author's transl).
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[Relation between personality and spastic angina].
The personalities of 60 patients suffering from episodes of retrosternal pain were evaluated by means of psychological tests ( Cattel 's questionnaire and Eysenck's personality inventory) and semi-directive interviews. The patients fell into three groups: group I patients (n = 21) had atheromatous lesions of the coronary arteries detected at angiography; group II patients (n = 19) had normal or subnormal coronary arteries, but angiography demonstrated arterial spasm; group III patients (n = 20) had angiographically normal coronary arteries without spasm. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) was noted between groups I and II, but not between groups II and III. Eleven of the 21 patients in group I presented with an obsessional personality which was not found in groups II and III where 13/19 and 16/20 patients respectively had a hysterical personality.
[Experimental and psychopathological characteristics of psychophysical infantilism in the structure of the hysterical form of psychopathy].
The authors report of some results of an experimentalpathopsychological study of 100 patients with hysterical forms of psychopathy and the syndrome of psychophysical infantilism. It was demonstrated that there is an irregular intellectual development (according to Wecksler's method) which is described by the authors in the form of a characteristic "intellectual profile" and a high level of claims with inadequate reactions of selection, a high assessment of physical and psychic "I", with a low evaluation of the "situational I". The achieved personality characteristics are closely connected with abnormal behaviour and asocial actions of the patients.
[Psychoanalytic viewpoint on the individual and family treatment of anorexia nervosa].
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[Etiological factors of female alcoholism].
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[Hysterical manifestations in Black Africa. Pilot study conducted at the Neuro-Psycho-Pathology Center, Kinshasa].
In a retrospective study on twenty Zairese patients, presenting a hysterical personality structure, the different forms of decompensation have been described and classified according to the DSM III criteria. Even taking into account the inconstancy of hysterical manifestations and the use of criteria not adapted to the local context, some of the described syndromes seem rather atypical. Such findings should stimulate the African psychiatry to develop its own nosographical criteria.
Symptoms that depress the doctor. Too much pain.
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Color in the dreams of the color-blind.
This paper attempts to illustrate how three color-blind patients utilized color in their dreams in such a manner as to actively deny their visual defect. These patients had displaced to the eyes some critical conflicts about other body parts. The use of color to deny color blindness thus further served to deny other physical defects, both real and imaginary. In addition, this defense helped to fend off intense affects related to these defects as well as associated castration anxieties.
[Therapy-oriented relationship with hysteriform-structured patients].
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Analysability in relation to early psychopathology.
Analysability is a highly important subject, both in the treatment of patients and in selecting candidates for analytical training. The assessment of analysability can be studied from two complementary points of view: the dynamic (with the data obtained in the preliminary interviews) and the genetic (with data obtained from early childhood by means of psychoanalytical treatment). The purpose of this study will be to contribute to the study of analysability from the genetic point of view. When one goes deeper into the analysis of a patient there may be doubts as to the limits and possibilities of his analysability. The same occurs with regard to the assessment of the amount of psychic changes made by the patient. The study of analysability related to early psychopathology can help us clear up such problems. Summaries of two psychoanalytical treatments with commentaries are presented: one with understandable limitations in analysis and the other which will be difficult to analyse. In the final considerations, based on the aforementioned clinical examples and on many others, experiences of reasonable initial psychic development are mentioned, and early psychopathological experiences--traumas, deprivations, bad relationships with important objects--which determine analysability or its limitations, obstacles or even impossibility.
Neurotic and psychotic states attributed to Thai "Phii Pob" spirit possession.
In Thailand, the term "Phii" refers to spirits and ghosts to which are generally attributed power over human beings. In the present, spirit possession is usually found in rural areas. However among several spirits, there is one particularly interesting spirit selected for this presentation, the phii pob. The "Phii Pob" is a common spirit in the Northeast, North and some provinces in the Central part of Thailand (Suwanlert, 1972). Thai believers consider that the phii pob differs from other spirits. It originates in a living person, then conceals itself in the body of that person, who is called th originating host; it is believed that the phii pob hiding within a person can leave the body of that person to possess another, who is called the possessed host. The victims almost always are females.