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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Health through oral health; guidelines for planning and monitoring for oral health care: a critical comment on the WHO model.

Recently a joint working group of WHO/FDI published guidelines for planning and monitoring oral health care. In the report a model for calculations of future need for dental manpower was introduced as an effective planning tool. An analysis of whether the WHO model is appropriate to calculate the future need for manpower planning was carried out. It appears that the model has serious methodological shortcomings. The model expects the user to know the future oral care needs concerning preventive, special group, surgical, orthodontic, and periodontal care. In calculating future needs for restorative and prosthetic care, the model restricts itself to looking back in time and roughly calculating what has happened in the past, assuming this will happen again.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The Quality in Australian Health Care Study.

A review of the medical records of over 14,000 admissions to 28 hospitals in New South Wales and South Australia revealed that 16.6% of these admissions were associated with an "adverse event", which resulted in disability or a longer hospital stay for the patient and was caused by health care management; 51% of the adverse events were considered preventable. In 77.1% the disability had resolved within 12 months, but in 13.7% the disability was permanent and in 4.9% the patient died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Mental health in F-111 maintenance workers: the study of Health Outcomes in Aircraft Maintenance Personnel (SHOAMP) general health and medical study.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to contrast mood disorder symptoms in F-111 aircraft Deseal/Reseal maintenance personnel with appropriate comparisons. METHODS: Participants completed a comprehensive health assessment, including measures of mood disorder, self-reported mood symptom questionnaire items, and review of anxiolytic and depression medication. Multiple logistic regression was conducted for each outcome using exposure group and potential confounders as explanatory variables. RESULTS: There was high agreement between self-reported mood disturbance and objective tests. The exposed group was more likely to self-report previous diagnoses of depression/anxiety, had higher use of antidepressant medications, and had increased risk of diagnosis of depression/anxiety. Results were consistently strong against both comparison groups, with the exposed more likely to have mental distress and social dysfunction when compared with the Australian population. CONCLUSIONS: There is robust evidence for an association between F-111 Deseal/Reseal exposure and impaired mental health.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1992

Method for evaluating and establishing reimbursement rates for health care services authorized under the Indian Health Service contract health services regulations--selected IHS sites--IHS. Addition of sites to the IHS pilot project.

The Indian Health Service (IHS) issues this notice to inform the public that additional sites will be added to the IHS Pilot Project now being conducted in the Portland Area. This Pilot Project is to determine whether an alternative method of evaluating and establishing reimbursement rates for contract health services (CHS) will result in greater participation and lower cost to the IHS. The additional sites include the Alaska Native Medical Center and other selected locations within the Alaska Area IHS; the metropolitan Billings, Montana vicinity and other selected locations within the Billings Area IHS; and the Cherokee Service Unit, within the Nashville Area IHS.

Alaska↗
PubMed1980

Public Health Service--Health maintenance organizations; requirements for a health maintenance organization. Final regulations.

This rule amends the Public Health Service regulations by setting forth revised requirements for the organization and operation of federally qualified health maintenance organizations (HMOs). These amendments are made as a result of (1) public comments on the interim regulations published on July 18, 1979, and (2) public comments on the notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) governing relationships between federally qualified HMOs and other parties, also published on July 18, 1979.

Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Classification and need for health care and health care performance--its significance for the development of health care profiles].

Reflecting on health-categorical characteristics of human old age the requirements concerning a classification on health-care needs and measures are stated. In this respect different definatory levels ought to be taken into consideration. Classifications so as currently used are not precise, and by this diminishing the effectiveness of needs-detection and care-delivery.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

World Health Organization partograph in management of labour. World Health Organization Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme.

As part of the Safe Motherhood Initiative, launched in 1987, the World Health Organization have produced and promoted a partograph with a view to improving labour management and reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This partograph has been tested in a multicentre trial in south east Asia involving 35,484 women. Introduction of the partograph with an agreed labour-management protocol reduced both prolonged labour (from 6.4% to 3.4% of labours) and the proportion of labours requiring augmentation (from 20.7% to 9.1%). Emergency caesarean sections fell from 9.9% to 8.3%, and intrapartum stillbirths from 0.5% to 0.3%. Among singleton pregnancies with no complicating factors, the improved outcome was even more marked, with caesarean sections falling from 6.2% to 4.5%. The improvements took place among both nulliparous and multiparous women. The World Health Organisation partograph clearly differentiates normal from abnormal progress in labour and identifies those women likely to require intervention. Its use in all labour wards is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The importance of the Child Health Services to the health of children: summary of the state-of-the-art document from the Sigtuna conference on Child Health Services with a view to the future.

In September 1999, a state-of-the-art conference was held in Sigtuna outside Stockholm, Sweden. The subject of the conference was the future of the Child Health Services. The approximately 40 participants included researchers from all professions with a link to child healthcare. The conference was prepared by a working committee consisting of Claes Sundelin (chairman), Uppsala, Sven Bremberg, Huddinge, Gisela Dahlqvist, Umeå, Kerstin Hedberg Nyqvist, Uppsala, Anders Håkansson, Malmö, Gunilla Lindmark, Uppsala, Birgitta Wickberg, Göteborg and Maria Nyström Peck (secretary), Stockholm. The state-of-the-art report has recently been published by the National Council for Medical Research and is briefly summarized below.

Child↗
PubMed2003

A job analysis of selected health workers in a district health system in KwaZulu-Natal. Part Two: Job analysis of nurses in primary health care settings.

The aim of this descriptive survey was to do a job analysis of different categories of nurses in a District Health System in order to clarify job expectations, describe current practice of nurses in hospitals and clinics and to make recommendations about skills mix in district services. This article deals with the clinics only. A mail questionnaire requested the sampled nurses to rate the frequency and importance of the tasks they perform. A total of 71% of the nurses (60 nurses of all categories) returned the questionnaire, and an index taking into account frequency and importance, was calculated. The self-report data was compared with data from non-participant observation done over 11 days in five clinics. The respondents rated 11 tasks as being performed more than six times per week, and no task as being important in that more than 70% of respondents felt it could never be omitted. However, on the task index, which combines frequency and importance, 57 tasks received the highest possible score of ten, and few (25%) were rated below five. The work context of nurses in PHC settings and hospitals was compared using Exhaustion-Disengagement Model and it was proposed that hospital nurses had higher job demands and lower job resources, and therefore ran a higher risk of both exhaustion and disengagement. A clear difference in the roles of different categories of nurses was found, although they have many tasks in common.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of the public health status and assessment of vaccination status in maternal health services and child and adolescent preventive health care of a district city].

A total of 23 maternity centres and 8 youth welfare centres in the county town of Magdeburg were inspected in 1987 and 1988 to review the condition of buildings and layout of rooms. Checks were also made on anti-infectious routines and compliance with the vaccination regulations. In all of these areas a number of deficiencies were found, and the results of follow-up inspections clearly show that the attention being given to public health regulations for sterilization and disinfection and to the storage of vaccines, is still inadequate. Urgent action is also required to improve conditions which are beyond the control of staff, such as buildings in need of repair, lack of space and the installation of washbasins, toilets, etc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Health systems agencies and state health planning and development agencies; certificate of need reviews--Health Resources and Services Administration. Notice regarding adjustment of the expenditure minimum for capital expenditures and the expenditure minimum for annual operating costs.

This notice provides necessary information for each State which chooses to adjust the capital expenditure and annual operating cost expenditure minimums that are used to determine whether proposals are subject to review under a State's certificate of need program. The notice also provides guidance to assist a State Health Planning and Development Agency (State Agency) in determining the exact minimum dollar figure it will use and in seeking further information.

Certificate of Need↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repeated screening for albumin-creatinine ratio in an unselected population. The Ebeltoft Health Promotion Study, a randomized, population-based intervention trial on health test and health conversations with general practitioners.

Albumin-creatinine ration (ACR) has been correlated to increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic as well as in nondiabetic populations. We investigated the albumin-creatinine ratio in 898 randomly selected persons aged 30-50 years, 471 women and 424 men (year 0). ACR was remeasured 1 year later in 811 (90%) of these persons (year 1). This was done in the framework of a prospective, randomized, population-based intervention trial evaluating the effect of health test and health conversations in general practice. The mean age of the study population was 39.8 (range, 30-51) years with a mean body mass index of 24.3 (15.9-44.3) kg/m2. The 50th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of ACR were 0.6, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/mmol at year 0 and 0.5, 2.0, and 5.3 mg/mmol at year 1. There was no significant difference between ACR values at year 0 and year 1. ARC values were slightly higher in women than in men, 0.6, (0.2-20.4) mg/mmol versus 0.5 (0.2-16.3) mg/mmol (p < 0.001, median and range). Albumin concentrations were slightly higher in men than in women 8.0 (2.0-196.0) mg/mmol versus 6.5 (2.0-121.0) micrograms/mL, p < 0.001. The correlation between ACR values measured year 0 versus year 1 was 0.43, p < 0.001 (Spearman rho). The agreement from year 0 to year 1 between normal ACR values (< or = 2.5 mg/mmol) and abnormal values (> 2.5 mg/mmol) were 0.33 expressed by Cohen's kappa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Health Risk drinking and problematic consumption of alcohol in Pomerania: comparative analysis of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) compared with the Federal German Health and Examination Survey in 1998].

PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies show a "North-South" gradient in drinking patterns in Germany, with the South-Eastern regions consuming more alcohol. Hence, patterns of alcohol consumption as well as at-risk drinking were evaluated in West Pomerania using a representative sample. In addition, the average daily quantities and the proportions of at-risk drinking were compared with representative data for Germany (Federal German Health and Examination Survey 1998 [FGHES]). METHODS: A representative random sample of the Pomeranian population (4,310 persons) was analysed. The response rate was 68.8 %. The amount and frequency of alcohol consumption was surveyed with a standardized questionnaire. Prevalence rates for at- risk drinking (> or = 30 g ethanol per day for men, > or = 20 g ethanol per day for woman), indications of abuse / dependence, and episodes of heavy drinking (number of days with 5 and more drinks consumed per day) are presented. To identify socio-economic correlates of high-risk drinking multiple logistic regression modelling was used. Alcohol consumption was evaluated via a frequency-quantity-measure and by using the "Luebeck Alcohol Dependence and Abuse Screening Test" (LAST). RESULTS: Average daily consumption of pure alcohol was about 11.8 g per day, 18.5 g per day for men and 5.8 g per day for women. The consumed quantities exceeded the levels calculated with the FGHES about 1.5 g, 1.8 g for men and 1.2 g for women. Prevalence of risk drinking and harmful alcohol use in Pomerania is higher than the FGHES as well. At-risk drinking was especially associated with age. In women, belonging to a higher social class at-risk drinking was higher, whereas in men of the lower social class consumption rates were higher. The highest alcohol consumption was observed among middle-aged men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that alcohol consumption on a high level as well as high-risk drinking is a common phenomenon in the north-eastern part of Germany. Public health measures are indicated for this region. Such intervention projects should focus on population groups with higher alcohol intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease: part 2--health effects of omega-3 fatty acids in autoimmune diseases, mental health, and gene expression.

Omega-3 fatty acids from marine and plant sources provide a wide range of benefits in several human health conditions. In vivo studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids influence the course of several human diseases, including those that involve abnormal immune function, mental disorders, and genetic abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Omega-3 fatty acids are taken up by virtually all body cells and affect membrane composition, eicosanoid biosynthesis, cell signaling cascades, and gene expression. These fatty acids are especially important during human brain development; maternal deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to several neurological disorders. The review highlights recent findings on omega-3 fatty acids' influence on autoimmune diseases, mental health, and gene expression.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Mental health nursing skills in an acute admission environment: perceptions of mental health nurses and other mental health professionals.

Some of the findings of a descriptive study into the perceived therapeutic skills of mental health nurses are presented. The study was set in an acute psychiatric admission unit of a district general hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, occupational therapists and social workers. The data were analysed through thematic content analysis. The findings suggest that nurses in this environment valued and possessed a range of therapeutic skills and qualities, but were unable to draw on these, leaving them to employ mainly coordinating, administrative and managerial skills. A number of influencing factors were identified, which prevented nurses from using their therapeutic potential. The author argues that the vision of mental health nursing in this setting may have to be altered.

Hospitals, General↗
PubMed1986

World Health Organization multicenter study on menstrual and ovulatory patterns in adolescent girls. I. A multicenter cross-sectional study of menarche. World Health Organization Task Force on Adolescent Reproductive Health.

To study the maturation processes during puberty, the Task Force on Adolescent Reproductive Health of the World Health Organization implemented a multicenter study on the age of menarche. From seven centers in six countries, 3,073 girls between the ages of 11 and 15 years volunteered for a two-year study. The girls were questioned at entry as to whether they had menstruated; social background data were recorded, and height and weight were measured. The median age for menarche was calculated by a life-table technique. The median ages were: Hong Kong-12 years, 9 months; Geneva, Switzerland-13 years, 1 month; Zafed, Israel and Stockholm, Sweden-13 years, 3 months; urban Colombo, Sri Lanka-13 years, 6 months; Ile-Ife, Nigeria-13 years, 9 months; and rural Peradeniya, Sri Lanka-14 years, 5 months. Menarche of the rural Peradeniya girls was later than the urban girls from Colombo and other study centers. The mean heights, weights, and obesity indices (Quetelet's Index) were higher in postmenarcheal girls compared to premenarcheal girls for each age at all centers.

Actuarial Analysis↗