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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Effect of professional oral health care on the elderly living in nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effectiveness of professional oral health care (POHC) given by dental hygienists once a week for 24 months to 141 elderly persons needing daily care and living in 2 nursing homes. STUDY DESIGN: Elderly subjects with POHC and without POHC living in 2 nursing homes were examined for 24 months to detect any fevers of 37.8 degrees C or more and the prevalence of fatal aspiration pneumonia. The numbers of Staphylococcus species and Candida albicans in swab samples from oral cavities were compared between the POHC group and the non-POHC group. The amounts of methylmercaptan exhaled in the POHC group were determined and compared with those in the non-POHC group. RESULTS: The prevalence of fevers of 37.8 degrees C or more in the subjects receiving POHC was significantly lower than in the non-POHC group (P < .05). We found that the ratio of fatal aspiration pneumonia in the POHC group during the 24 months was significantly lower than in the non-POHC group (P < .05). Numbers of C albicans species in samples obtained from the oral cavity after 6 months of POHC were significantly lower than those in the non-POHC group (P < .01). POHC resulted in the reduction of the presence of Staphylococcus but not to a statistically significant extent. The amounts of methylmercaptan exhaled by the POHC group were significantly less than those of the non-POHC group (P <.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that POHC administered by dental hygienists to a group of elderly patients needing daily nursing care was associated with a reduction in prevalence of fever and fatal pneumonia.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Variation in oral volatile sulphur compound formation.

UNLABELLED: It has been suggested that the level of orally produced volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) can be of use when monitoring oral malodour or in determining patients at risk of periodontal disease in longitudinal studies. It is not known, however, to what extent the level of VSC in mouth air is a stable, individual characteristic over time. AIM: The hypothesis to be tested was that the level of VSC in mouth air is an individual trait that is stable over time. METHODS: Two groups of dental students participated in the study (n = 30 and n = 11). The amount of available substrate for VSC formation was standardized by rinses with 6 mM aqueous solutions of cysteine (pH 7.2). Part 1 used a Haliineter to measure 'morning breath' and response to cysteine rinses. Part 2 measured response to cysteine rinsing using a gas chromatograph. Repeated measurements provided information concerning the longitudinal intra-individual variations in level of oral VSC formation. RESULTS: Both groups showed large intra-individual variations in oral VSC. The differences were enhanced by cysteine rinses. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis was not supported. Oral VSC levels cannot be taken as diagnostic criteria in a normal population because of marked intra-individual variations over time.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection complicating achalasia.

Achalasia is a cause of chronic aspiration pneumonia that may be complicated by pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum. In any patient with achalasia, the presence of a pulmonary infiltrate that does not respond to routine antibiotic therapy should suggest the possibility of M fortuitum pulmonary infection, and sputum should be cultured for these organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effect of visible light on malodour production by mixed oral microflora.

Oral malodour is considered to be caused by the proteolytic activity of anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria. In a previous study, it was shown that these bacteria were susceptible to blue light (wavelengths of 400-500 nm). In this study, the effect of blue light on malodour production by mixed oral microflora was tested in a salivary incubation assay. Whole saliva samples were exposed to a xenon light source for 30, 60, 120 and 240 s, equivalent to fluences of 34, 68, 137 and 274 J cm(-2), respectively. Malodour was scored by two judges. The levels of volatile sulfide compounds (VSC) were measured using a sulfide monitor (Halimeter), the microbial population was assessed using viable counts and microscopy, salivary protein degradation was followed by SDS-PAGE densitometry and VSC-producing bacteria were demonstrated using a differential agar. The results showed that the exposure of mixed salivary microflora to blue light caused a reduction in malodour production concomitant with a selective inhibitory effect on the population of Gram-negative oral bacteria. These results suggest that light exposure might have clinical applications for the treatment of oral malodour.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed2005

Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in tongue biofilm and their relationship with oral malodour.

The aims of this study were to identify hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing bacteria among tongue biofilm microflora and to investigate the relationship between bacterial flora and H2S levels in mouth air. Oral malodour levels in 10 subjects (age 21-56 years) were assessed by gas chromatography, and Breathtron and organoleptic scores. Based on these assessments, subjects were divided into two groups: an odour group and a no/low odour group. Tongue coatings were sampled and spread onto Fastidious Anaerobe Agar plates containing 0.05% cysteine, 0.12% glutathione and 0.02% lead acetate, and were then incubated anaerobically at 37 degrees C for 2 weeks. Bacteria forming black or grey colonies were selected as H2S-producing phenotypes. The numbers of total bacteria (P<0.005) and H2S-producing bacteria (P<0.05) in the odour group were significantly larger than those in the no/low odour group. Bacteria forming black or grey colonies (126 isolates from the odour group; 242 isolates from the no/low odour group) were subcultured, confirmed as producing H2S and identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Species of Veillonella (38.1% in odour group; 46.3% in no/low odour group), Actinomyces (25.4%; 17.7%) and Prevotella (10.3%; 7.8%) were the predominant H2S-producing bacteria in both the odour and no/low odour groups. These results suggest that an increase in the number of H2S-producing bacteria in the tongue biofilm is responsible for oral malodour, although the bacterial composition of tongue biofilm was similar between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Impact of mouthrinses on morning bad breath in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: During sleep, a proliferation of oral bacteria is responsible for the release of offending gases in morning breath even in healthy people. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bad breath-inhibiting effect of four commercially available mouthrinses (0.03% triclosan, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride and essential oils) on morning breath when compared with a positive and a negative control. METHOD: A six-step double-blind, crossover, randomised study was conducted in 12 dental students with healthy periodontium, who refrained from mechanical plaque control during a 4-day period. The subjects were instructed to rinse twice daily with the assigned product during each period. Fifteen-day washout intervals were used. Before professional plaque and tongue coating removal (baseline), the morning breath was scored through volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) level measured by a sulphide monitor. After 4 days, VSCs and plaque index (PI) were recorded. RESULTS: Even in the absence of mechanical plaque control, there was a decrease in VSC level with the use of all mouthrinses, with the exception of an increase with the use of the negative control. The VSC formation was inhibited in descending order, by positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine), 0.12% chlorhexidine, triclosan and essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride. Plaque formation was inhibited by chlorhexidine mouthrinses and essential oils. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that mouthrinses can reduce morning bad breath, and that such a reduction is not attributable only to the reduction of supragingival plaque formation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effect of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour in a population of Turkish children with gingival inflammation.

AIM: Oral malodour affects a large proportion of the population, and may cause a significant social or psychological handicap to those suffering from it. The condition has a positive correlation with the accumulation of bacterial plaque in the oral cavity. The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to determine whether oral malodour and periodontal disease parameters are associated with one another in 150 Turkish subjects (mean age +/- SD = 9.1 +/- 2.7 years; age range = 7-12 years); and secondly, to investigate the impact of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour. DESIGN: The parameters measured included whole-mouth odour judge scoring, halimeter measurements, saliva pH scores, gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth before and after the treatment procedures. RESULTS: Odour judge scores were significantly associated with halimeter findings. However, gingival index, plaque index and probing depth were significantly associated with odour judge scores and halimeter scores. The statistical analysis revealed that periodontal treatments caused a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in volatile sulphur compound formation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, in the population studied, periodontal health and oral malodour are associated with one another. Oral malodour levels were significantly reduced after treating gingival inflammation. Thus, in order to avoid oral malodour in children, oral care should not be neglected.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Cloning and characterization of the L-cysteine desulfhydrase gene of Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are the two major compounds associated with oral malodor. These compounds are highly toxic, and are thought to play an important role in periodontal disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral bacterium, produces large amounts of hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine by the enzymatic action of L-cysteine desulfhydrase. We cloned and sequenced the cdl gene encoding L-cysteine desulfhydrase from F. nucleatum ATCC 10953, and revealed that the structural cdl gene consists of 921 bp and encodes a 33.4-kDa protein. The cloned gene was inserted into an expression vector, pDEST17, and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fused protein. The purified enzyme was tested for substrate specificity using various SH-containing compounds. Only L-cysteine served as a substrate for L-cysteine desulfhydrase to produce hydrogen sulfide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Impact of oral health on the life quality of periodontal patients.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of oral health on the life quality of a periodontal patient group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and five patients attending a private periodontal clinic completed a questionnaire incorporating the 16-item UK oral health-related quality-of-life measure (OHQoL-UK), a check list of questions about their periodontal health over the past year and a comprehensive periodontal examination. RESULTS: The effect of oral health on quality of life was considerable, with many individuals experiencing negative impacts across a broad range of physical, social and psychological aspects of life quality. OHQoL-UK(Copyright ) scores was associated with patient's self-reported periodontal health in the past year: experiences of "swollen gums" (p<0.01), "sore gums" (p<0.01), "receding gums" (p<0.01), "loose teeth" (p<0.01), "drifting teeth" (p<0.01), "bad breath" (p<0.01) and "toothache" (p<0.01). In addition, OHQoL-UK scores were correlated with the number of teeth with pocket depths of 5 mm or more (r(s)-0.42, p<0.01). New patients had poorer oral health-related quality of life compared with the treated maintenance group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal status impacts on life quality. This has implications in understanding the consequences of periodontal health and in the use of patient-centred outcomes in periodontal research.

Affect↗
PubMed2005

In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days' use.

OBJECTIVES: Two studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single rinse and 12 h after 2 weeks of twice daily rinsing, during the daytime and overnight. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These studies utilized a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover design. Following baseline sampling of bacteria from supragingival plaque and the dorsum of the tongue, subjects began twice-daily rinsing with either an essential oil mouth rinse containing 0.09% zinc chloride (Tartar Control Listerine Antiseptic) or a negative control rinse. Bacterial sampling was repeated 12 h after the first rinse, and again 12 h after the final rinse 14 days later. The sampling schedule was adjusted according to whether the study was investigating daytime or overnight activity. Samples were plated on Schaedlers medium (total anaerobes), Schaedlers Nalidixic/Vancomycin medium (Gram-negative anaerobes), and OOPS medium (volatile sulphur compound (VSC)-producing organisms). Inter-group log10 transformed colony-forming units/ml counts from samples of supragingival plaque and tongue swabs on each of the three media were compared by analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The mean bacterial counts in subjects using the essential oil mouth rinse were significantly lower (p< or =0.005) than mean counts in subjects using the control rinse in all the comparisons, i.e., tongue and supragingival plaque samples on each of three media at two sampling periods in the daytime and overnight study, respectively. Mean bacterial count percent reductions for plaque samples ranged from 56.3 to 95.3; percent reductions for tongue samples ranged from 61.1 to 96.1. There was a trend to higher reductions after 14 days' rinsing than after the initial rinse. CONCLUSION: Rinsing with the essential oil mouth rinse can have long-lasting effects in reducing anaerobic bacteria overall as well as Gram-negative anaerobes and VSC-producing bacteria. The significant reductions in numbers of these bacteria produced by the essential oil mouth rinse, both in plaque and on the dorsum of the tongue, can play a key role in explaining the essential oil mouth rinse's effectiveness in reducing supragingival plaque and gingivitis as well as its effectiveness in controlling intrinsic oral malodor over prolonged periods.

Adult↗