Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Gatekeeping”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The gatekeeper.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bandages↗
PubMed1996

Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I: genome gatekeeper and its intruders, camptothecins.

Topoisomerase I enzymes are ubiquitous and play a pivotal role in DNA transcription, replication, and repair. The eukaryotic form of this enzyme is highly conserved and its inhibition leads to accumulation of DNA strand breaks ('cleavable complexes') and ultimately cell death. An understanding of the role of eukaryotic topoisomerase I has led researchers to identify this enzyme as a potential target for anticancer therapy. Indeed, topoisomerase I is inhibited by samptothecin (isolated from a plant extract), and derivatives of this agent are being developed with improved physicochemical and pharmacologic characteristics. These agents may provide a new dimension to chemotherapy through their novel mechanism of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Periodic rectal motor activity: the intrinsic colonic gatekeeper?

BACKGROUND: Rectal motor activity is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the patterns of rectal motor activity and to examine their diurnal variation and their relationships to proximal colonic activity and to meals. METHODS: We performed a 30-h ambulatory motility study by recording pressure activity at multiple sites in the colon in 18 normal subjects. RESULTS: During 288 h of recording, discrete bursts of tonic and phasic activity were seen in the rectum of all subjects at night and during the day lasting > or = 3 min, with a predominant frequency of 3 waves/min: periodic rectal motor activity (PRMA). Nocturnally, the number of cycles and the proportion of time occupied by this activity were greater (p < 0.001) and the inter-cycle interval was shorter (p < 0.008) compared with daytime, but the cycle duration was similar. Only 4 versus 5% (nocturnal vs daytime) of cycles propagated aborad, whereas 36 versus 14% (p < 0.01) propagated retrogradely, 16 versus 47% (p < 0.01) occurred simultaneously, and 44 versus 34% were confined to the rectum. There was considerable intra- and intersubject variability. PRMA was not related to meals or to anal motor activity, but 81% of nocturnal and 94% of daytime cycles occurred within 5 min of a motor event in the more proximal colon. CONCLUSIONS: PRMA is a characteristic feature of the normal rectum and is more frequent at night. The temporal association with motor events in the proximal colon suggests that PRMA is triggered by the arrival of stool or gas in the rectum. Because most cycles are either segmental or are propagated retrogradely, PRMA may serve as an intrinsic braking mechanism that prevents untimely flow of colonic contents, particularly during sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

De facto gatekeeping and informed consent in intensive care.

Medical decision-making is based on the doctrine of informed consent which is, in turn, based on autonomy, which represents one of four pillars of medical ethics, the others being beneficence, non-malfeasance and social justice. Decision-making in intensive care with respect to the withdrawal of treatment, in particular ventilator therapy, is often extremely difficult for patients or their relatives and they would rather not make any decision other than to insist on the maintenance of therapy in spite of sound, reasonable medical advice that such therapy is of no value to the patient. Aside from issues of a dignified death, this is likely to be to the detriment of other patients who might be refused admission to intensive care and thus is counter to the dictates of social justice. Under these circumstances, there would appear to be a need to give authority to the reasonable medical decision to discontinue resuscitation.

Critical Care↗