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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Creating another barrier to the transmission of bloodborne operative infections with a new glove gauntlet.

While disposable surgical gowns are designed to be either liquid-resistant or liquid-proof apparel, the woven cuffs of surgical gowns are easily permeable to water, an invitation to the transmission of bloodborne infections. Regent Medical has redesigned the diameter of some of its surgical glove gauntlets to enhance the security of the glove/surgical cuff interface. The purpose of this biomechanical performance study was to evaluate the benefit of a narrow glove gauntlet in enhancing the security of the gown and cuff interface. Using three types of disposable gown, the narrow glove gauntlet significantly increased the security of the gown-glove interface. On the basis of this biomechanical performance study, Regent Medical has announced that it will be using this narrow glove gauntlet design on more of their glove products to further reduce the transmission of bloodborne operative infections.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Effect of an intraoperative double-gloving strategy on the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection.

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of double gloving on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection rates. METHODS: Data obtained in two large groups of patients, one in which the surgical personnel wore a single pair of gloves each and the other in which the personnel wore two pairs of gloves each, were retrospectively studied. The study involved 863 patients. The overall infection rate in the single-gloved group was 15.2%, whereas it was 6.7% in the double-gloved group (p = 0.0002). Of additional interest was the marked difference between the overall shunt infection rates in younger children (< 11.3 years of age; 15.7%) and older children (> 11.3 years of age) and adults (6.7%; p < 0.00005). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of wearing two pairs of gloves while performing surgery appears to reduce the incidence of postoperative shunt infection by more than 50%. The incidence of shunt infection is highly age dependent. The shunt infection rate may be further reduced by carefully studying the individual variables associated with the shunt insertion procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effectiveness of cut-proof glove liners: cut and puncture resistance, dexterity, and sensibility.

Five types of commercial glove liners (within double latex gloves) were compared to single and double latex gloves for cut and puncture resistance and for relative manual dexterity and degree of sensibility. An apparatus was constructed to test glove-pseudofinger constructs in either a cutting or puncture mode. Cutting forces, cutting speed, and type of blade (serrated or scalpel blade) were varied and the time to cut-through measured by an electrical conductivity circuit. Penetration forces were similarly determined with a scalpel blade and a suture needle using a spring scale loading apparatus. Dexterity was measured with an object placement task among a group of orthopedic surgeons. Sensibility was assessed with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, two-point discrimination, and vibrametry using standard techniques and rating scales. A subjective evaluation was performed at the end of testing. Time to cut-through for the liners ranged from 2 to 30 seconds for a rapid oscillating scalpel and 4 to 40 seconds for a rapid oscillating serrated knife under minimal loads. When a 1 kg load was added, times to cut-through ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 second. In most cases, the liners were superior to double latex. On average, 100% more force was required to penetrate the liners with a scalpel and 50% more force was required to penetrate the liners with a suture needle compared to double latex. Object placement task times were not significantly liners compared to double latex gloves. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, two-point discrimination, and vibrametry showed no difference in sensibility among the various liners and double latex gloves. Subjects felt that the liners were minimally to moderately impairing. An acclimation period may be required for their effective use.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of volumes delivered by selected adult disposable resuscitators: the effects of hand size, number of hands used, and use of disposable medical gloves.

UNLABELLED: Due to increasing concern over potential cross-infection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a number of disposable resuscitators have become commercially available. The wearing of disposable medical gloves by persons performing CPR has also become commonplace. In this study, we evaluated the effects of hand size, use of disposable medical gloves, and number of hands used (one versus two) on the volumes delivered by five adult disposable resuscitators. METHOD: Persons familiar with bag-valve ventilation were recruited to participate in the study--eight with small hands, eight with medium hands, and eight with large hands. Ventilation was delivered to one side of a Vent-Aid training test lung (TTL), and volumes were measured with a BEAR VM-90. In random order, each participant ventilated the TTL with all combinations of one hand/two hands, gloves/no gloves, and each of the following resuscitators: Code Blue, Hospitak, Pulmanex, Mercury, and Ambu SPUR. The participants were instructed to ventilate the TTL as they would ventilate a patient. RESULTS: The mean =/- SD volumes (in liters) were small hands = 0.68 +/- 0.15, medium hands = 0.71 +/- 0.18, large hands = 0.81 +/- 0.19 (p=0.006); gloves = 0.73 +/- 0.19, no gloves = 0.73 +/- 0.18 (p=0.80); one hand = 0.62 +/- 0.12, two hands = 0.84 +/- 0.17 (p less than 0.0001); Code Blue = 0.79 +/- 0.14, Hospitak = 0.56 +/- 0.11, Pulmanex = 0.71 +/- 0.15, Mercury = 0.77 +/- 0.18, SPUR = 0.83 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of gloves did not significantly affect volume delivery. Delivered volumes did increase significantly as hand size increased and as number of hands used to squeeze the bag increased, and observed differences in volume delivery between brands of resuscitators may be clinically important in some cases. This study emphasizes the importance of squeezing the resuscitator with two hands during bag-valve ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Negative effects of powdered latex gloves in clinical dentistry.

With the advent of CDCs "universal precautions" and OSHA's bloodborne pathogen standard, the number of health-care workers wearing latex gloves has increased dramatically in the law few years. Reports of irritation, contact, and allergic reactions to powdered latex gloves in both medicine and dentistry are on the rise as well. However, other problems related to powdered gloves and their effect on clinical dentistry are just beginning to be addressed. One recent study demonstrated that the starch used as a lubricant on latex rubber gloves significantly reduced the shear bond gloves significantly reduced the shear bond strength of etched porcelain to etched enamel with a resin adhesive system by nearly 40%. Question also arise as to the proper handling of dental implants and the effect that powdered gloves may have on their success based on the negative effects of post-surgical foreign body granulomas reported in the medical community.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1998

Glove usage and reporting of needlestick injuries by junior hospital medical staff.

The use of gloves when conducting invasive procedures and the reporting of needlestick injuries have been strongly encouraged. Despite this, neither practice appears to be universal. In order to determine the rates of glove usage and needlestick injury reporting, we conducted a survey of junior doctors in three hospitals in the UK. Of the 190 respondents, the majority rarely wore gloves for venesection, insertion of intravenous cannulas or arterial blood gas sampling. For more major procedures (insertion of central venous lines, insertion of thoracostomy tubes, suturing) gloves were invariably worn. Only 17.5% of needlestick injuries were reported. The rates of glove usage and needlestick injury reporting were lower than previous studies have demonstrated in North America. Surgeons suffered the most needlestick injuries and were the least likely to report them. The low reporting rate may have serious implications, particularly in view of the new Government guidelines on needlestick injuries which involve HIV-infected blood. By failing to use gloves and report needlestick injuries, junior doctors, in particular surgeons, are placing themselves and patients at increased risk of blood-borne transmissible diseases.

Gloves, Surgical↗
PubMed1999

The effects of different materials of protective gloves on thermoregulatory responses.

The effects of two kinds of protecting gloves for pesticide spraying made of different materials on thermoregulatory responses during exercise were studied at ambient temperature of 28 degrees C and relative humidity of 60% in six healthy females, aged 19. One kind of gloves was made of polyurethane (A) and the other of Goretex (B) with cotton lining in each glove. Both kinds of gloves had almost the same volume. Main results of the experiment were summarised as follows: (1) during the exercise an increase of rectal temperature was inhibited more effectively in B than in A; (2) skin temperature of hand was significantly lower in B than in A; (3) absolute humidity and temperature inside the gloves were significantly lower during the period from the gripping bar exercise to the end of the experiment; (4) the number of contractions by the handgrip exercise performed immediately after the second turning of the screw was significantly smaller in A than in B. The findings presented suggest that the gloves made of Goretex material could reduce thermal strain during intermittent work in warm environmental conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Prevention of hand-arm vibration syndrome by using antivibration gloves].

Hand-arm vibration syndrome induced by the exposure to mechanical vibration transmitted from power tools to the operator's hands contributes highly to the number of occupational diseases certified in Poland, as well as in other countries. Use of antivibration gloves is one of the methods for reducing the occupational risk of vibration damages. However, the number of researchers express certain reservations about the benefits from wearing such a protective device, mostly because of very limited scientific and explicit evidence to prove the effectiveness of antivibration gloves in preventing hand-arm vibration syndrome. But there is no controversy about the opinions that to achieve a maximum degree of protection, antivibration gloves should be selected to match particular vibratory tools, taking account of the vibration spectrum generated, by them. The paper presents the general principles of the glove selection, the results of the studies of the effectiveness of antivibration gloves carried out by the Central Institute for Labour Protection (CIOP), as well as some other results, opinions and ideas. The gathered data prove that antivibration gloves are a useful measure to prevent hand-arm vibration syndrome.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of microbial contamination of surgical gloves during actual use.

The contamination rate of gloves is about the same for all scrubbed personnel, be they single or double gloves (33%). More holes are noted in the gloves of personnel who use their hands more strenuously. A double pair of gloves does not reduce the amount of contamination but does reduce the number of holes. The contamination could not be associated with the hole in the glove in our study. The amount of contamination beneath the glove does not influence its exterior contamination. Contamination generally comes from somewhere else in the operative field environment.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[The effectiveness of various disinfection methods on the surface of gloved hands].

The gloved hands were contaminated by using E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Brain Heart Infusion broth cultures and the efficacy of tap water, unmedicated bar soap, benzalkonium chloride 1% (Zefiran), Na-hypochloride 1% and 5%, alcohol 70%, hexachlorophene 3%, hexachlorophene 3% liquid soap (Solu-heks), chlorhexidine 1.5% liquid soap (Savlon), chlorhexidine 4% liquid soap (Hibiscrub), povidone-iodine 10% solution (Betadine and polyod), povidone-iodine 7.5% liquid soap (Betadine and Polyod) were compared onto the gloved hands. Disinfectants were applied for 30, 45 and 60 seconds. It was found that washing time of 30 seconds with chlorhexidine 4% (Hibiscrub) liquid soap or povidone-iodine 7.5% liquid soap (Betadine and Polyod) was required to eradicate all the organisms inoculated from both glove surfaces. Povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine were more effective washing agents than the other disinfectants. In underdeveloped or developing countries and areas where gloves can not easily supplied, it has been suggested that gloved hands could be washed between patient treatments and gloves re-used in dentistry, gynecology and like the other areas of medicine. Chlorhexidine 4% and povidone-iodine 7.5% liquid soaps are recommended as a hand-washing agents in these areas.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can double gloves improve surgeon-patient barrier efficiency?

The aim of this study was to compare double gloves (DGs) with single gloves (SGs) during orthopedic and trauma surgery in prevention of blood contact between patients and surgeons. DGs and SGs were collected after orthopedic operations, tested for size, site, and number of perforations. Medical records were reviewed for age, sex, type of operation, duration, and postoperative wound infection. Data were compared using t-test with level of statistical significance at P < 0.05. Five hundred seven operations yielded 1204 DGs and 830 pairs SGs. In DGs, perforations were detected in 220 outer glove and 39 inner glove (10.7%). In SGs, 226 perforations were detected (13.3%). The incidence of perforations in inner gloves of the double indicator glove was 1.6% (P < 0.001). During surgery, perforations were recognized in DGs in 67% compared with 12% in SGs (P < 0.005). This study confirms that DGs form an efficient barrier between patients and surgeons.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1991

Hand dermatitis. The role of gloves.

The wide range of problems that occur in association with occupational skin exposure has brought into focus the need to understand the role of allergens in skin disease. Their impact on health, their role in the causation of skin disease, and the measures that can be instituted to regulate, control, and prevent skin problems are receiving increased attention by OR managers because of the associated costs of skin reactions in OR nurses and the inherent dangers associated with latex allergy. Latex gloves have become a standard part of OR attire, and even though they serve as the primary form of hand protection in the OR, gloves also may serve as one of the key causes of contact or allergic dermatitis in OR personnel. The high frequency of latex glove allergy, especially in OR nurses and surgeons, focuses attention on the need to evaluate the type and quality of surgical latex gloves selected for use. When instances of new skin reactions appear in nursing personnel. OR managers should look for recent changes in glove brands, scrub products, or antimicrobial agents as possible trigger allergens. In such circumstances, managers may wish to use hypoallergenic products as a solution. Although hypoallergenic and/or powder-free gloves or scrub products may be more costly on a unit basis, when compared to the time lost from work, physical discomfort of the worker, and the expense of treatment, they are really quite a bargain.

Decision Trees↗
PubMed1990

Virus penetration of examination gloves.

Examination gloves worn for protection from biohazards were sampled and evaluated for their ability to exclude virus particles. We found that thin gloves manufactured from polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride are ineffective barriers while gloves of thin latex are superior but not without failure. Polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride gloves had failure rates of 40% and 22%, respectively. Following exposure to the common disinfectant, 70% ethanol, these failure rates increased to 94% and 56% for polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride gloves, respectively. Latex, although permeable to ethanol, was penetrated by virus less than 1% of the time regardless of whether the latex had been pre-exposed to disinfectant or not. This study highlights the need for caution on the part of those who rely upon examination gloves for protection from infectious agents as well as the need for establishing more adequate standards and testing procedures for their manufacture.

Ethanol↗
PubMed1987

Contact urticaria from rubber gloves: a detailed description of four cases.

Four cases of contact urticaria from rubber gloves are presented in detail. Three of the four patients, including two atopics had present or previous hand dermatitis. The causative gloves were made of natural rubber. Interestingly, one patient also reacted to her synthetic nitrile rubber gloves which the distributor had sold her as plastic gloves, and explanation for this case is discussed. Contact urticaria should be taken into consideration when there is recalcitrant hand dermatitis in spite of regular use of polymeric protective gloves. Manufacturers should give more accurate and reliable information on the composition of the glove materials to distributors and consumers.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed1985

The effect of surgical glove powder on cleavage of two-cell mouse embryos in an in vitro fertilization programme.

The effect of surgical glove powder on the development of early mouse embryos was studied. Embryos from F1 hybrid mice (C57 B1/6 X CBA) were suspended in Whittingham's T6 growth medium with 10% human serum, using Petri dishes (Falcon 3001). Contamination was brought about by a sterile, powdered, surgical glove touching the surface of the growth medium for less than a second in group I, and in group II the same procedure was followed but the glove was rinsed beforehand with sterile, four times distilled water and air-dried. In the control group (group III) no contamination with surgical glove powder occurred. In group I only 9 of 137 embryos (7%) reached the blastocyst stage, in contrast with 110 of 196 (56%) in group II and 258 of 287 (90%) in group III. The differences in results between groups I and III, groups I and II, and groups II and III were found to be statistically significant (P less than 0,001) by the chi-square test. It is concluded that surgical gloves are a potent inhibitor of early embryonic growth. In an in vitro fertilization programme including follicle aspiration and embryo transfer, contamination of embryos with these gloves should be avoided at all costs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of perforations in rubber gloves during ophthalmic surgery.

Four percent of rubber gloves worn during ophthalmic surgery had perforations at the end of the procedure. The incidence was 10% in both right- and left-hand gloves of the nurse, 6% in the left-hand glove of the surgeon, and 4% in the right-hand glove of the surgeon. Holes occurred most often in retinal detachment surgery for both the operator (19% for the left hand) and the nurse (17%). All nurses and surgeons were right-handed. The most likely cause for the perforations appeared to be the handling of the needle in the fingers of the left hand while grasping it with a needle holder. The relatively high frequency of perforations in surgeons' and nurses' gloves emphasizes the importance of employing a technique designed to minimize such problems. In addition, consideration should be given to replacement of gloves during long operations.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1995

Factors influencing the wearing of protective gloves in general dental practice.

The present study was undertaken to explore the factors that influence decisions regarding wearing of gloves in the setting of private general practice. A survey of 250 dentists in Brisbane, Australia (41% of the total private general practitioners in the region), was conducted. Routine use of gloves was commonplace (84.6%); however, many dentists experienced skin problems related to glove use. Years of experience and unsolicited patient comments regarding glove wearing were significantly associated with patterns of glove use, while other factors examined did not exert a significant effect (practice profile, practice location, frequency of treating patients known to have an infectious disease, rate of sharps injuries, choice of glove material, and frequency of adverse mucosal and cutaneous reactions). These results revealed the need for further educational campaigns in practical infection-control measures for all practitioners, regardless of their level of experience. An educational approach used by the authors is described.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Permeability of protective gloves used in dental practice.

Two brands of latex rubber gloves and one brand of polyvinyl chloride glove were examined for their permeability. New and used gloves were included. All of the gloves were examined visually and then subjected to an air leakage test, an electrical test, and a microbiologic test. Permeability was evaluated independently by two researchers in a blind manner. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences among the three brands of gloves or with respect to the usage periods, according to visual inspection and the air leakage test. Conversely, there were significant differences among each of the three brands of gloves and with respect to usage periods, according to the electrical and microbiologic tests.

Chi-Square Distribution↗