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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria.

A rapid single-step screening method for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6 PD) deficiency was evaluated on Halmahera Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia, and in Shan and Mon States, Myanmar, in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria by an acridine orange staining method. Severe deficiency was detected by the rapid test in 45 of 1126 volunteers in Indonesia and 54 of 1079 in Myanmar, but it was difficult to distinguish blood samples with mild deficiency from those with normal activity. 89 of 99 severely deficient cases were later confirmed by formazan ring method in the laboratory, but 5 with mild and 5 with no deficiency were misdiagnosed as severe. Of the samples diagnosed as mild and no deficiency on-site, none was found to be severely deficient by the formazan method. Malaria patients were simultaenously++ detected on-site in 273 samples on Halmahera island and 277 samples from Shan and Mon States. In Mon State, primaquine was prescribed safely to G6 PD-normal malaria patients infected with Plasmodium vivax and/or gametocytes of P. falciparum. The new rapid test for G6 PD deficiency may be useful for detecting severe cases under field conditions, and both rapid tests combined are can be useful in malaria-endemic areas, facilitating early diagnosis, prompt and radical treatment of malaria and suppression of malaria transmission.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1996

Long-range sequence analysis in Xq28: thirteen known and six candidate genes in 219.4 kb of high GC DNA between the RCP/GCP and G6PD loci.

DNA comprising 219 447 bp was sequenced in nine cosmids and verified at > 99.9% precision. Of the standard repetitive elements, 187 Alus make up 20.6% of the sequence, but there were only 27 MERs (2.9%) and 17 L1 fragments (1.6%). This may be characteristic of such high GC (57%) regions. The sequence also includes an 11.3 kb tract duplicated with 99.2% identity at a distance of 38 kb. The region is 80-90% transcribed and 12.5% translated. Thirteen known genes and their exon-intron borders are all accurately predicted at least in part by GRAIL programs, as are six additional genes. From centromere to telomere, the orientation of transcription varies among the first eight genes, then runs centromeric to telomeric for the next five, and is in the opposite sense for the last six. Eighteen of the 19 genes are associated with CpG islands. Two islands are exact copies in the 11.3 kb repeat units, and could thus give rise to double dosage levels of an X-linked gene. Another island is associated with two genes transcribed in opposite directions. From the sequence data, three genes and their exon structure are inferred. One of them, previously associated with HEX2, is shown to be a different gene unrelated to hexokinases; a second gene, previously known by an EST, is plexin, from its 65.5% identity with the Xenopus analog; and a third is a subunit of a vacuolar H-ATPase, and is named VATPS1.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Population genetics and geographic variation of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) paralogs and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) in Drosophila mojavensis.

Populations of Drosophila mojavensis from the deserts of the Baja California peninsula and mainland Mexico utilize different cactus hosts with different alcohol contents. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been proposed to play an important role in the adaptation of Drosophila species to their environment. This study investigates the role of ADH in the adaptation of the cactophilic D. mojavensis to its cactus host. In D. mojavensis and its sibling species, D. arizonae, the Adh gene has duplicated, giving rise to a larval/ovarian form (Adh-1) and an adult form (Adh-2). Studies of sequence variation presented here indicate that the Adh paralogs have followed different evolutionary trajectories. Adh-1 exhibits an excess of fixed amino acid replacements, suggesting adaptive evolution, which could have been a result of several host shifts that occurred during the divergence of D. mojavensis. A 17-bp intron haplotype polymorphism segregates in Adh-2 and has markedly different frequencies in the Baja and mainland populations. The presence of the intron polymorphism suggests possible selection for the maintenance of pre-mRNA structure. Finally, this study supports the proposed Baja California origination of D. mojavensis and subsequent colonization of the mainland accompanied by a host shift.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperlactatemia and hemolysis in G6PD deficiency after nitrofurantoin ingestion.

A 69-year-old man with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was treated with nitrofurantoin for pyuria. Four days later he presented with metabolic acidosis due to excess lactic acid, a decline in curculating hemoglobin, reticulocytosis, elevated serum transaminase levels, and hyperbilirubinemia. The drug was withdrawn and the hyperlactatemia subsided in three days without specific treatment. In vitro, nitrofurantoin is capable of stimulating erythrocyte glucose utilization aand lactate production, and inhibiting the generation of reduced glutathione. In vivo, this drug is capable of producing hemolysis in susceptible subjects and hepatocellular injury. The temporal proximity of drug ingestion and hemolysis, increased glucose utilization, lactate excess, and hepatic insufficiency suggests that nitrofurantoin may have been responisble for precipitating the clinical and chemical abnormalities observed.

Aged↗