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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Early dental loss in Sjögren's syndrome. Histologic correlates. European Community Study Group on Diagnostic Criteria for Sjögren's Syndrome (EEC COMAC).

Early dental loss is a well-known complication of Sjögren's syndrome. Forty percent (n = 16) of 39 consecutive patients with the syndrome had early dental loss. Dental loss correlated positively with histologic grading at lip biopsy. There was no significant correlation with any other feature of Sjögren's syndrome, including saliva flow. In 11 partially edentulous or completely edentulous patients, dental loss occurred 9 years on average before the first symptom of xerostomia. Early dental loss may reflect a silent involvement of the salivary glands and suggests that changes in saliva biochemistry occur long before xerostomia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Trace element reference values in tissues from inhabitants of the European community. I. A study of 46 elements in urine, blood and serum of Italian subjects.

Neutron activation analysis-electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) have been used for the determination of 46 elements in urine, 35 in blood and 26 in serum of unexposed Italian subjects living in the same region (Lombardy). The results allowed the proposal of reference values for various elements determined in more than 350 healthy subjects, these being Ag, Al, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn, in urine; Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, Tl, Zn in blood; and Ag, Al, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, V, Zn in serum (or plasma). For all other elements indicative values are suggested. In addition to the mean value and the "reference range", a "range of uncertainty" and an upper limit above which metabolic abnormalities could be expected have also been defined on the basis of simple statistical considerations.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody-associated systemic vasculitis: initiatives of the European Community Systemic Vasculitis Clinical Trials Study Group.

The diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the primary systemic vasculitides associated with circulating antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) have formed the focus of a multicenter collaborative study. Consensus has been reached on criteria for classification, clinical subgroupings by extent and severity of disease, and "standard" and "best alternative" therapeutic regimens. Two series of randomized controlled trials have been designed; their aims are (1) to harmonize current approaches to treatment and (2) to test the value of newer therapeutic agents. In support of these trials, semiobjective scoring systems have been created and validated, and previous standardization of ANCA serologic and histologic analysis has been adopted. The systems of classification and clinical management described herein represent the recommendations of a multidisciplinary study group that hopes to improve the outcome of patients with primary systemic vasculitis by wide dissemination of the collective experience from interested centers.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Occupational asthma in Europe and other industrialised areas: a population-based study. European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study Group.

BACKGROUND: There are no large population-based studies on occupational asthma, and few estimates of the proportion of asthma attributed to occupation, even though asthma is the most common occupational respiratory disorder in industrialised countries. METHODS: We assessed data on 15,637 people aged 20-44, randomly selected from the general population of 26 areas in 12 industrialised countries. Asthma was assessed by methacholine challenge test and by questionnaire data on respiratory symptoms and use of medication. Occupation was defined by job-titles and a job exposure matrix was constructed. FINDINGS: Highest risk of asthma, defined as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reported asthma symptoms or medication, was shown for farmers (odds ratio 2.62 [95% CI 1.29-5.35]), painters (2.34 [1.04-5.28]), plastic workers (2.20 [0.59-8.29]), cleaners (1.97 [1.33-2.92]), spray painters (1.96 [0.72-5.34]), and agricultural workers (1.79 [1.02-3.16]). Similar risks were shown for asthma defined as reported asthma symptoms or medication. The most consistent results across countries were shown for farmers and cleaners. Excess asthma risk was associated with high exposure to biological dusts, mineral dusts, and gases and fumes. The proportion of asthma among young adults attributed to occupation was 5%-10%. INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of occupational asthma in women and in specific occupations has been underestimated. Given a mean prevalence of asthma of about 5%, about 0.2%-0.5% of young adults become asthmatics or have their asthma exacerbated because of their occupations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The regulation of preservatives in the European Community.

Community regulation of preservatives is based on Council Directive 64/54/EEC of 5 November 1963, which defined 'preservatives' and established an exclusive approved list which Member States could permit. In some instances the Directive set limits on conditions of use and general purity criteria; specific purity criteria were established in a second Directive 65/66/EEC. The base Directive has been amended twenty-four times and that relating to purity criteria three times. The approved list has two parts, listing separately substances whose primary function is preservative and those whose primary function is other than preservative but which have a secondary preservative effect. Separate labelling laws require that the presence of additives, including preservatives, be declared. Permitted preservatives must be safe and technologically effective. Safety evaluation is carried out by the Scientific Committee for Food; technological effectiveness is assessed by experts from governments of Member States, food and chemical industry and the Commission. In future, preservatives will be encompassed by the general additives 'Framework Directive' which addresses areas including: exclusive permitted lists; lists of foodstuffs to which and conditions under which additives may be used; purity criteria; methods of analysis and sampling procedures. The Framework Directive also specifies criteria to be satisfied before an additive may be approved including guidance on what constitutes 'need', appropriate safety evaluation (and re-evaluation as necessary). Agreed conditions of use will need to ensure that ADIs are not compromised; where these are sufficiently high, the concept of 'quantum satis' might be applied whereas low ADIs may necessitate limitations on number of uses and levels of addition.

Europe↗
PubMed1982

Respiratory disease Mortality in Agricultural workers in eight member countries of the European community.

A co-operative study by representatives of eight member countries of the EEC into the problem of respiratory disease among agricultural workers is reported. From each country mortality data (routinely collected but often unpublished) were obtained for seven disease categories in the country as a whole, and separately where possible for urban and rural areas, and agricultural workers. The results indicate that comparable data can be collected from different countries despite variations in local methods of data collection and coding. There are large between country differences in respiratory disease mortality rates, and data for agricultural workers in France and England and Wales suggest an excess respiratory disease deaths (mainly pneumonia and influenza) among agricultural workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Risk of asthma in the general Spanish population attributable to specific immunoresponse. Spanish Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with asthma are more atopic than the general population, but few reports have quantified this association, i.e. the proportion of asthma in the community due to specific immunoresponse. We aimed to determine the population attributable risk of asthma in the community due to atopy, and the quantity and quality of specific immunoresponses to common aeroallergens involved. METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional study in a random sample of the general Spanish population, 20-44 years old, from five areas. In all, 1816 participants were given a symptoms questionnaire, a methacholine challenge and were assessed for atopy. Bronchial responsiveness (BR) was defined as a > or =20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after methacholine. Asthma was defined as symptomatic bronchial responsiveness. Atopy was assessed by measuring serum specific IgE or skin tests for sensitivity to Alternaria, birch, cat, Cladosporium, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, olive, Parietaria, ragweed or timothy grass. RESULTS: Sensitivity to any of the individual allergens tested significantly increased the risk of being asthmatic, at least twofold compared to non-atopic individuals. The population attributable risk of atopy in explaining asthma is 41.97% (95% CI: 29.2-60.3) when adjusting for area of residence, age, sex, and smoking. In symptomatic individuals, atopy was an independent factor in producing an early measurable PD20 (methacholine dose producing 20% fall in FEV1), especially in those atopic to two or more aeroallergens, and irrespective of the particular aeroallergen. CONCLUSIONS: Specific immunoresponse is strongly associated with asthma, but positivity to single allergens (quality) and the number of positive immunoresponses (quantity) do not change the per se risk of asthma in atopic individuals.

Adult↗