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PubMedDate not supplied

Residue analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty matrices by gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detection.

A multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of 22 organochlorine (OCs) and organophosphorus (Ops) pesticides (including isomers and metabolites), representing a wide range of physicochemical properties, was developed in fatty matrices extracted from meat. Pesticides were extracted from samples with acetonitrile/n-hexane (v:v, 1:1). The analytical screening was performed by gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detection (ECD). The identification of compounds was based on their retention time and on comparison of the primary and secondary ions. The optimized method was validated by determining accuracy (recovery percentages), precision (repeatability and reproducibility), and sensitivity (detection and quantitation limits) from analyses of samples fortified at 38 to 300 ng/g levels. Correlation coefficients for the 22 extracted pesticide standard curves (linear regression analysis, n = 3) ranged from 0.998 to 1.000. Recovery studies from 2 g samples fortified at 3 levels demonstrated that the GC-ECD method provides 64.4-96.0% recovery for all pesticides except 2,4'-DDE (44.6-50.4%), 4,4'-DDE (51.1-57.5%) and 2,4'-DDT (50.0-51.2%). Both repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviation values were < 20% for all residues. Detection limits ranged from 0.31 to 1.27 ng/g and quantification limits were between 1.04 and 4.25 ng/g. The proposed analytical method may be used as a simple procedure in routine determinations of OCs and Ops in meat. It can also be applied to the determination of pesticide multi-residues in other animal products such as butter and milk.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1976

Hair and its associated lipids as an excretory pathway for chlorinated hydrocarbons.

1. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and other halogenated compounds, probably biphenyls, were found to be associated with human hair at concentrations less than 1 p.p.m. 2. In experiments with rats, chlorinated 14C-hydrocarbon insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were excreted in hair in all instances, but excretion was less with the more labile compounds. 3. Excretion via hair may be a significant factor in eliminating chlorinated hydrocarbons which resist metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The laboratory's role in environmental health emergency investigations.

An emergency environmental health investigation of a mass poisoning of unknown origin is a multidiscipline effort that requires the cooperation and close communication of epidemiologists, toxicologists, and chemists. The laboratory's role in this effort is important; special instruments, knowledge, and experience are needed. Our approach to such an investigation is discussed and past cases are used as illustrations. The role of the analytical chemist is presented, and the major resources needed for these investigations are described.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Anti tumor activities of lentinan and micellapist in tumor-bearing mice].

Although Lentinan (LNT) is sold as a medicine, and Micellapist (MME) sold as a food supplement, both LNT and MME are beta-glucans isolated from the Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). These two substances have been thought to be the same component of Shiitake. In the present study, we evaluated anti tumor activities of LNT and MME in tumor-bearing mice (B10.D2 mice implanted with S908D2 tumor cells) and examined the mechanism of immunopotentiation of these substances. The tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the LNT-treated group. In ex vivo evaluation, the tumor cytotoxicity was significantly reduced by a treatment of splenocytes with anti-CD8 antibody in the LNT-treated group. Furthermore, the tumor cytotoxicity of the LNT-treated group was also significantly reduced by a treatment of splenocytes with anti-CD8 antibody and its complement and with an anti-CD4 and its complement in the effector phase and the induction phase, respectively. A significant prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice as compared to the untreated control group was noted in the LNT-treated group. In the mice treated intraperitoneally with LNT, CD8-positive cells appeared to have suppressed tumor cell proliferation. CD4-positive cells appeared to be involved in this activity of CD8-positive cells. On the other hand, orally administered MME has exerted no clear cytotoxic effects.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Environmental stress and parasitic infections: I. The effects of Gramoxone and Hexadrin on embryo and hatching of Fasciola gigantica miracidia.

The effect of two chemical compounds commonly used in agriculture, Gramoxone (a herbicide) and Hexadrin (an insecticide) on embryonic development and hatching of Fasciola gigantica miracidia were experimentally assessed. These two pesticides were introduced in varying quantities into petri dishes containing unembryonated eggs of the trematode for a period of 30 days. LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% hatching) values were determined for them. For gramoxone it was 2 ppm and for Hexadrin it was 2.5 ppm. Results also show that at 4 ppm and 5.5 ppm the pesticides achieve 99.0% mortality of eggs. At sublethal concentrations they cause prolongation of embryonic processes and inhibition of hatching of miracidia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Environmental stress and parasitic infections: II. Effects of gramoxone and hexadrin (pesticides) on the survival characteristics of Fasciola gigantica miracidia.

Miracidia of Fasciola gigantica have a maximum longevity of 9 h. Miracidial survival was found to be age dependent and the instantaneous mortality rate increased exponentially with miracidial age and pesticide treatment. Mortality of the pesticide-treated miracidia differs significantly from that of the control. The LC50 value for Hexadrin was calculated at 1.93 ppm and for Gramoxone at 0.75 ppm. Dosage-mortality lines when tested statistically show no significant difference between the two pesticides at 95% level of confidence. The toxic effect of the pesticides was enhanced by synergism between the pesticides.

Animals↗