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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Short foot length: a diagnostic pointer for harlequin ichthyosis.

OBJECTIVE: Among the fetal skin disorders, harlequin ichthyosis is the one that has specific sonographic features in the antenatal period. A few cases of antenatal diagnosis of harlequin ichthyosis with typical facial features of ectropion and eclabium have been described. The manifestation of the phenotype is usually in the third trimester. Fetal skin biopsy can be done in the late second trimester for diagnosing fetal skin disorders. We aimed to see whether a short foot length could be a pointer for the diagnosis of harlequin ichthyosis in the second trimester before the full phenotypic manifestation, which is usually seen in the third trimester. METHODS: We report 3 cases of harlequin ichthyosis, 2 of them diagnosed in the third trimester with abnormal facial features and another second-trimester sonographic diagnosis based on short foot length, without eclabium and ectropion. RESULTS: In all 3 cases, the foot length was considerably smaller than the femur length, especially in the third case, in which the foot length was smaller than the femur length before the manifestation of the typical features of harlequin ichthyosis. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal foot length may be an important and probably the first marker seen in the second trimester for the diagnosis of harlequin ichthyosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Our experience with transconjunctival, laser-assisted lower blepharoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty has become more popular in the last decade with the introduction of the CO2 laser as a cutting and resurfacing tool. The authors have 4 years experience with this procedure. METHOD: Patient selection, preoperative evaluation and the surgical technique are described in detail. The operation itself is divided into two parts: 1. Laser-assisted transconjunctival exposure and resection of prolapsed fat pads, 2. Laser resurfacing of the lower eyelid skin. RESULTS: 36 patients underwent transconjunctival, laser-assisted lower blepharoplasty in the author's department in the period 1997-2000. Transitional hyperpigmentations were treated in 4 patients (11.1%). No severe complications were noted. All patients except one were satisfied or very satisfied. DISCUSSION: Transconjunctival and transcutaneous lower blepharoplasties are compared: 1. Transcutaneous blepharoplasty is simpler to perform, some skin resection is possible and no laser device is needed. 2. The danger of ectropion is relatively high in transcutaneous blepharoplasty, and the scar may not be fully acceptable for the patient. 3. Aged and sun-damaged skin is not influenced with the transcutaneous approach except for some improvement of rhytides. 4. Transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty is a relatively safe procedure with very good cosmetic results avoiding an incision and scar of the lower eyelid. 5. There is much less risk of ectropion and other complications in transconjunctival blepharoplasty than in the transcutaneous one. 6. An unpleasant side effect in transconjunctival blepharoplasty is erythema of the lower eyelids persisting for about 2-3 months. CONCLUSION: Laser-assisted transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty requires a shorter operating time and causes less bleeding and less patient discomfort. This is full-value alternative to the conventional transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Surgical management of the paralyzed eye.

Blindness is the most dreaded complication of an untreated paralyzed eyelid following injury to the facial nerve. Injuries to the facial nerve are mainly postsurgical. Assessment of neural injury using serial testing is important to be able to differentiate between temporary and permanent paralysis. In the former case, medical management could be sufficient and, in the latter case, a surgical procedure is required. The physician has the choice among several procedures to repair upper eyelid paralysis with the gold standard being the gold weight implant. Lower eyelid ectropion can be repaired using a lateral or medial canthal tightening procedure. If the lower eyelid ectropion is severe, a cartilage implant may be required.

Blindness↗
PubMed1976

The Cervical Epithelium From Fetal Age to Adolescence.

Uteri obtained at the postmortem examination of 164 girls ranging in age from premature and immature infants to 11 years were studied for evidence regarding the developmental changes that take place in the cervix during this period of life and in particular the mechanisms involved in the production and regression of congenital ectropion. Tt is concluded that congenital ectropion is a normal feature of development of the cervix.Its occurrence and its persistence or disappearance appear to depend on variable growth of cervical tissues as they react to hormonal stimulation, hormonal deprivation, and systemic growth. The mechanisms are described in detail.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis in rigid internal fixation of zygomatic complex fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the technique of subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis with tri-dimension reduction and rigid internal fixation to treat zygomatic complex fractures. METHODS: The subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis combined with tri-dimension reduction and rigid internal fixation of zygomatic complex fractures with titanium microplates were applied in 56 patients with zygomatic complex fractures. Another lateral eyebrow incision or sublabial incision was used to simplify the operation. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 5 years. During the follow-up period, all the patients had satisfying postoperative results. All clinical symptoms disappeared except the numbness in the infraorbital region in 2 patients. In 94.6% patients no complications such as obvious scar, ectropion, entropion or blepharoedema were found, only 5.4% of the patients had slight ectropion 6 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: The subciliary incision and lateral cantholysis have many advantages such as invisible scar, sufficient exposure, minimal injury, and few complications and combined with rigid internal fixation with titanium microplates this technique could be used as one of the routine operation methods to treat zygomatic complex fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[The changes of the thymocyte mitochondria mediated by nitric oxide in thymocyte apoptosis].

AIM: To study the changes of mitochondrial potential (delta psi m) and cardiolipin (CL) content during thymocyte apoptosis mediated by nitric oxide (NO). METHODS: SNAP was used as NO's donor to induce thymocyte apoptosis in mice and dexamethasone (DEX) was used as positive control drug. Three experiment groups were set, which were blank control group, SNAP group and DEX group. The ectropion of cell phosphatidylserine (PS) was detected by flow cytometry after stained with FITC-anti-annexin V mAb/PI. The changes of delta psi m and CL content during cell apoptosis were detected by DiOC6(3)/PE-anti-annexin V mAb and NAO/PE-anti-annexin V mAb, respectively. RESULTS: 6 hours after SNAP treatment, the thymocytes exhibited typical cell apoptotic characteristics and crenation appeared in most annexin V-positive cells. In DEX group, the delta psi m decreased and the rate of non-apoptotic cells was significantly higher than that in blank control group, but there was no significant difference between SNAP and control groups. 40%-50% of DiOC6(3)-negative cells in each group had the same size as normal cells. The percentage of the cells with reduced CL content in SNAP group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.01). Non-apoptotic cells with reduced CL content were not found. In blank control group and SNAP group, percentage of normal-sized cells with reduced CL was (48.32+/-3.96)% and (43.64+/-4.90)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The process of thymocyte apoptosis mediated by NO in mice includes successively PS ectropion, mitochondrial depolarization, CL oxidation and cell crenation. As compared with DEX group, the mitochondrial change mediated by NO is a later event in cell apoptosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Cryosurgery of the uterine cervix. Our experience in 3,184 cases].

An analysis is made of 3,184 cases of cryosurgery of the uterine cervix treated along 18 years for diverse types of lesions: 2,050 cases of ectropion of the cervix (64.38%), 811 chronic cervicitis (25.47%), 48 eversions of the cervical canal (1.51%), 24 of cervical condyloma acuminata (0.75%) and 251 of CIN (7.88%). A nitrous oxide cryosurgical system was used. This study evaluate the features of the cryolesion, correlating the freeze time, the size of the frosted area around the probe, the size of the resulting ice-ball and the depth of the epithelial tissue necrosis microscopically measured. For this study cryosurgery was applied to the cervix of 56 women, 1 to 7 days before hysterectomy was performed for benign disease. Statistical analysis was made using regression-correlation calculations to determine the correlation coefficient (r), concluding that the freezing effect and the depth of tissue necrosis are not correlated with the freeze time, but it was demonstrated that there is a reliable correlation between the width of the frosted area around the probe and the depth of tissue necrosis. The extension of cryolesion was influenced by the type of probe, the anatomical position in the cervix, shape of the external is and freeze time, which may be related with the pressure of the gas and the possible clogging of the tubes by pollution. In this paper it is studied too the histopathologic features of the cryolesion. The results obtained in the diverse groups of treated lesions were: 1. In 92% of cases of mucous ectropion of the cervix, one treatment was enough to heal the lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Use of nasolabial flap in facial plasty].

Using nasolabial flaps, 32 facial plastic operations were carried out and satisfactory results were obtained in all 32 cases. There were ectropion of the upper lip in 16 cases, ectropion of the lower lid in 14 cases and inferior nasal defect in 2 cases. This nasolabial flap can be transferred directly or through subcutaneous tunnel to repair a minor defect of the lower lid, the upper lip or nose etc. It give the best color and texture match. The ratio of length to width of the flaps was 4 to 1 or lower. The donor site within 3 cm can be directly suture and its scar along the nasolabial crease is vague. The operation is simple and aesthetic result is good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pathogenetic characteristics of cervical erosion in puerperae].

A study of 72 cervical biopsy specimens from puerperants revealed several pathogenetic features of endocervicitis, glandular ectropions, and authentic erosions. In particular, pseudoerosions were the result of excessive cervical gland hyperplasia that combined, in nearly all cases, with decidual transformation and chronic stromal inflammation. Ectropions were most likely to have been due to inversion of a moderately hyperplastic mucosa during delivery. In contrast, true erosions developed where the stratified squamous epithelium was hyperkeratotic and atrophic, and were often complicated by acute cervicitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Involutional lower eyelid entropion: results of a combined approach.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adding horizontal eyelid tightening and the removal of orbital fat to reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractors to correct involutional entropion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During 6 consecutive years, 266 cases (229 patients) were treated. Of these, 240 cases (207 patients) showed horizontal laxity, in which reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractors was combined with lower eyelid tightening in the lateral canthal angle. In 60 of these cases (47 patients), prolapsing orbital fat was removed during the operation. In 26 cases (22 patients), no horizontal laxity was found. Their treatment consisted of reinserting the lower eyelid retractors without eyelid tightening. Follow-up of 28 weeks postoperatively was available in all cases. In 213 cases (178 patients), follow-up of 5 months or longer (range 5 to 80 months, average 42 months) was available. RESULTS: The most common complication of surgery was persistent ectropion, which occurred in 12 cases (5.6%). It occurred significantly more often after reinsertion without horizontal eyelid tightening than after combined reinsertion and horizontal tightening (P = .04). Adding the excision of orbital fat to the latter procedure did not significantly influence the results. Transient ectropion also occurred significantly more often after retractor reinsertion alone than after combined retractor reinsertion and horizontal tightening (P = .01). The entropion recurred in 9 cases (3.3%), 5 of which within 24 months (2.4%). The authors found no difference in recurrence rate between the three groups. A disadvantage of eyelid tightening is tenderness, which was reported by 42 (29%) of the patients. In 9 patients this had persisted longer than 4 months. CONCLUSION: Horizontal eyelid laxity is common in involutional entropion. Tightening of the lower eyelid in the lateral canthus, added to reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractors, significantly lowers the incidence of surgical overcorrection, but has no effect on the recurrence rate. A disadvantage of eyelid tightening in the lateral canthus is that it may lead to mostly transient eyelid tenderness.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic lateral canthopexy in lower blepharoplasties.

Lower eyelid malposition is a known complication of lower (lid) blepharoplasty surgery. The prevention of this complication is easier than its treatment. Over the past 5 years in my practice, 247 patients have had lower blepharoplasties with a canthopexy procedure and in some cases a tarsal strip canthoplasty. The criterion for a lateral tarsal strip canthoplasty was a lid distraction distance greater than or equal to 10 mm. Lid distraction distance is the distance the eyelid can be pulled away from the globe after the initial skin incision has been made and measured with calipers. If the eyelid can be pulled away from the globe less than 10 mm, then a canthopexy is performed, which occurred in 98% of cases. Patients had lateral canthopexies regardless of age or preoperative assessment. Herein, I describe a simple method of canthopexy that can be performed on most patients having a lower blepharoplasty, to not only achieve a cosmetically superior result but also to prevent eyelid malposition or ectropion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehensive midfacial elevation for ocular complications of facial nerve palsy.

BACKGROUND: A chief morbidity of facial nerve palsy is ocular exposure, which is largely due to lower lid retraction and ectropion. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of midfacial elevation in the comprehensive surgical treatment of paralytic lower lid malposition and ocular exposure. METHODS: Eleven patients with chronic facial nerve palsy causing symptomatic ocular exposure were treated with subperiosteal midface elevation as a component of comprehensive lower lid elevation. Other procedures were performed concomitantly to treat lower lid ligament laxity and reduced lower lid rigidity, as required. Preoperative and postoperative ocular exposure symptoms, visual acuity, lower lid position, lagophthalmos, and keratopathy were compared. RESULTS: At an average of 17 months of follow-up, all patients reported improvement in symptoms. Visual acuity was maintained or improved in all patients. Lower eyelid position (P =.003), lagophthalmos (P =.07), and keratopathy (P<.001) were also improved. CONCLUSIONS: Midfacial elevation is a safe and effective surgical adjunct in the treatment of lower eyelid retraction in chronic facial palsy. Its use reduces the need for tarsorrhaphy, which limits the binocular visual field and negatively impacts cosmesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Blepharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome.

Patients with the autosomal dominant ble-pharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome have ectropion of lower eyelids, distichiasis of upper eyelids, euryblepharon, bilaterally cleft lip/palate, oligodontia, and conical crown form. Initially known under the eponym "Elschnig syndrome" (1912), BCD syndrome has been described in binary, ternary, and quaternary combination. There is overlap with the syndrome reported by Martínez et al. [1987], postaxial acrofacial dysostosis (Miller syndrome, Genée-Wiedemann syndrome), and a syndrome reported briefly by Warburg.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Blepharo-Cheilo-Dontic (BCD) syndrome: report on four new patients.

We report on four Brazilian patients with, among other signs, cleft lip and palate, dental anomalies, ectropion of the lower eyelids, euryblepharon, and lagophthalmia. Two were sporadic cases and two were familial cases, a mother and her equally affected son. Recently, the reports with different combination of these signs were reviewed by Gorlin et al. [1996; Am J Med Genet 65:109-112] and named blepharocheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome. Variable expressivity and autosomal dominant inheritance were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hereditary spinal arachnoid cysts, distichiasis, and lymphedema.

Familial congenital spinal arachnoid cysts causing progressive paraplegia are reported in two adolescent siblings as part of a hereditary syndrome. The other features of this unusual dominantly inherited disorder include double rows of eyelashes, partial ectropion of the lower eyelids, and acquired late-onset lymphedema of the lower extremities. The siblings' mother, who had roentgenographic evidence of a similar intraspinal lesion, was free of neurological symptoms but had the other characteristic features. Surgical treatment of the arachnoid cysts improves the progressive paraplegia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipid storage myopathy, ichthyosis, and steatorrhea.

A 41-year-old man had ichtyrosis, ectropion, steatorrhea, and slowly progressive proximal limb weakness. Biopsies showed abnormal lipid accumulation in muscle, liver skin, leukocytes, and gastric mucosa. Lipid storage was particularly marked in cultures of skin and muscle, and it increased in subsequent cell generations. By electron microscopy, the lipid globules showed no limiting membranes. The stored lipid was identified by thin-layer chromatography as triglyceride; there was no excess of cholesterol or cholesteryl esters. Muscle carnitine concentration and activities of carnitine palmityltransferase and acid lipase were normal; 14CO2 production from labeled palmitate in leukocytes was not impaired. The excessive accumulation of triglyceride in different tissues and in the progeny of cells in tissue culture suggests a genetic error of lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Scleral show.

"Scleral show" is an anatomical condition in which the sclera area is visibly exaggerated due to constitutional, evolutive, or endocrine etiology. It can also occur because of iatrogenies, and is considered one of the most complex blepharoplasty complications. Its evolution and poor response to treatment are questionable. The defect is not always linked to an ectropion, and the basic differences between the two are explained. During blepharoplasties, in order to avoid iatrogenic "scleral show," among other complications, one should take special precautions with the quantity and the exact location of the tarsal portion of orbicularis oculi muscle to be resected.

Diagnosis, Differential↗