Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Periventricular white matter lucencies in patients with lacunar stroke. A marker of too high or too low blood pressure?

BACKGROUND: Periventricular white matter lucencies (PWML) have been described in stroke patients with arterial hypertension, hypotensive episodes, or increased nocturnal fall of blood pressure (BP). As a result of these mixed factors, the relationship between PWML and BP remains unsettled and the appropriate management of arterial BP in stroke patients with PWML is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between PWML, arterial BP, and cerebral hemodynamics. DESIGN: Cohort study followed up 6 months after index stroke. SETTING: Referral center. PATIENTS: In 41 consecutive patients with first-ever lacunar infarction, the extent of PWML detected on brain magnetic resonance images was measured. Six months after stroke, BP values were monitored during a 24-hour period and transcranial Doppler examinations were performed at rest and following the administration of acetazolamide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of cerebral hemodynamics and BP values with the extent of PWML. RESULTS: The severity of PWML varied substantially among patients, suggesting that PWML and lacunar infarctions could be due to several different mechanisms. Older age, elevated awake systolic BP, increased cerebrovascular tone, and the interaction between history of heart disease and the lowest heart rate were the strongest independent predictors of the severity of PWML. Diastolic BP and the vasodilatory capacity of the resistance vessels did not predict the severity of PWML. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, PWML are markers of systolic damage in older lacunar stroke patients with stiffer arteries. In addition, hemodynamic failure may be relevant in patients with concomitant heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Chronic cognitive impairment following laterothalamic infarcts: a study of 9 cases.

BACKGROUND: The occlusion of the lateral thalamic arteries leads to infarcts of ventrolateral thalamic nuclei, the ventroposterior nucleus, and the rostrolateral part of pulvinar, and produces hemisensory loss with or without hemiataxia. Cognitive impairment after such strokes has not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature and the extent of long-lasting cognitive deficits following lateral thalamic strokes. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Neurology department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. PATIENTS: Nine patients with hemisensory loss due to an isolated laterothalamic infarct. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three to 6 months after stroke onset, standard neuropsychologic evaluation, including testing of language, ideomotor and constructive praxis, visual gnosis, spatial attention, learning abilities, and executive functions. RESULTS: Six of 9 patients showed some degree of cognitive impairment. Executive functions tasks, particularly verbal fluency, were impaired in 5 patients (4 with right and 1 with left lesion). Learning and delayed recall in visuospatial and verbal tasks, but not in recognition, were impaired in 3 patients (2 with right and 1 with left lesion). Difficulties in visual gnosia were observed in 1 patient with right lesion while word-finding difficulties were observed in 1 patient with left lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations show that while learning, naming, and gnosic difficulties fit with the classical verbal/nonverbal dichotomy (left and right hemisphere, respectively), executive dysfunctions, including verbal fluency tasks, were more dominant after right thalamic infarcts. Although the observed deficits appeared to be less severe than those generally found with dorsomedial and polar thalamic strokes, the dominance of executive dysfunction suggests that ventrolateral thalamic lesions may disrupt frontothalamic subcortical loops.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence and volume of internal border zone lesions in patients with impaired cerebral carbon dioxide vasomotor reactivity: a follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: The precise etiology of border zone infarcts is controversial. Hemodynamic impairment due to obstructive disease of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is suggested as a cause of border zone infarcts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in prevalence and volume of ischemic border zone lesions over time in patients with occlusive disease of the ICA after 1 year of follow-up. DESIGN: Follow-up study. SETTING: Referral center. PATIENTS: Fifty-eight patients with an occlusion of the ICA were included. At baseline, ischemic lesions were classified on magnetic resonance imaging, and vasomotor reactivity was assessed with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography with carbon dioxide challenge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in prevalence and volume of ischemic lesions were monitored and were correlated with carbon dioxide reactivity at baseline. RESULTS: No significant changes in the prevalence of any infarct types were observed after 1 year of follow-up in the hemispheres ipsilateral or contralateral to the ICA occlusion. However, in hemispheres ipsilateral to an occluded ICA, we found an increase in mean volume of internal border zone infarcts (P =.002). In hemispheres with a low carbon dioxide reactivity, we found an increase in mean volume of internal border zone lesions after 1 year (carbon dioxide reactivity, <or=18%, P =.02 and 19%-35%, P =.02). These changes were not observed for external border zone lesions. CONCLUSION: The association between impaired vasomotor reactivity and an increase in ischemic lesion volume in the internal border zone suggests a hemodynamic component.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The sequelae of group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal meningitis in early infancy.

The group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus is responsible for an escalating frequency of neonatal meningitis. Of the 18 consecutive cases we report in this study, the mortality was 17%. Among the 15 survivors, there were two children with extensive neurological and psychological impairment. There were no major differences between the survivors and controls in tests of hearing and language function, social skills, and psychological testing. There was a greater number of minor neurological signs among the study group. The mortality and morbidity of group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal meningitis is apparently substantially less than that of all other types of neonatal bacterial meningitis.

Bender-Gestalt Test↗
PubMed1995

Postoperative neurologic complications after open heart surgery on young infants.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the relation between postoperative neurologic complications and variables occurring before, during, and after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to correct congenital heart disease in young infants. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of mortality and neurologic morbidity before hospital discharge; systematic comparison with patient characteristics, metabolic status, surgery variables; and preoperative neurologic findings of the patients. SETTING: Intensive care unit in tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 91 full-term infants who underwent 100 operations between January 1989 through December 1992. Nine infants had more than one operation during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of alertness, tone, focal signs, dyskinesia, pyramidal signs, seizures, and death. RESULTS: Reduced level of alertness at discharge from the hospital in 19% of patients; seizures in 15% (70% focal); severe hypotonia in 11% before surgery, and in 7% at discharge from hospital; generalized pyramidal findings in six (7%); asymmetry of tone in 5%; and chorea that did not persist in 11%. Results of cranial ultrasound tests were abnormal in 20% of patients. Of these those with abnormal cranial ultrasound examinations 55% were abnormal before surgery. Overall mortality was 18%. Of the patients who died, 59% had interrupted aortic arch or hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Mortality for patients with these lesions was 40%. Alertness (P = .005), chorea (P = .03), and hypotonia (P = .02) were associated with duration of deep hypothermia longer than 60 minutes. No association was found among other outcomes and study variables, except the relation between severe left-sided heart lesions and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and neurologic morbidity after open heart surgery on young infants may be due to several factors, including type of lesion, preexisting brain abnormalities, duration of deep hypothermia, and strokes.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

Congenital toxoplasmosis: prenatal diagnosis, treatment and postnatal outcome.

We report a female patient with congenital toxoplasmosis who presented with hydrops fetalis and cerebral abnormalities, detected on fetal ultrasound. Following prenatal treatment, the hydrops fetalis resolved and at four months of age she has normal growth and development. This case emphasizes the potential good prognosis in cases with congenital toxoplasmosis detected and treated prenatally.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-level view of fetal brain imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a systematic stream-lined approach could be routinely used in the evaluation of fetal intracranial anatomy. METHODS: Nine thousand six hundred uncomplicated pregnancies were evaluated using a three-level view of fetal brain imaging. An axial scan, which passed through the level of the lateral ventricles, was first obtained. This was followed by a second view passing through the cavum septum pellucidum anteriorly, the thalami medially, and the 3rd ventricle centrally. Finally, a third view was made passing through the posterior fossa. RESULTS: Although the fetus had different presentations, we were able to fully image the fetal brain in all three levels in most cases. The intracranial anatomy could be scrutinized in most cases. Ninety-six percent of abnormal cases (126/133) were diagnosed using Levels I, II, or III independently or in combination. CONCLUSIONS: The three-level view provides a comprehensive and systematic sonographic approach to the evaluation of the fetal intracranial anatomy, and for the diagnosis of anomalous fetal brain development.

Brain↗