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PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and fertility in Guatemala.

In 1983, one-quarter of married Guatemalan women aged 15-44 years were using contraception, and female sterilization was the most prevalent method. Fertility rates for the population were at correspondingly high levels, with an overall total fertility rate of about six births per woman. Contraceptive prevalence varied by residence and ethnic group; less than 5 percent of currently married Indian women and about 50 percent of married women in the capital city area were using contraception. From 1978 to 1983, prevalence increased overall by six percentage points, with surgical contraception accounting for most of the increase. Findings of the study suggest that different strategies need to be employed among Ladino and Indian women in order to increase contraceptive prevalence in these subgroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Second pregnancies among teenage mothers.

An analysis of data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) finds that 82 percent of sexually active teenage mothers were using contraceptives in the year following the birth of their first child; the majority of those who practiced contraception used the pill. The proportion of black teenagers using no method of birth control was higher than that for white teenagers, and it increased over the course of the year. Rates of nonuse were particularly high among black women younger than 18, only 68 percent of whom practiced contraception (compared with 85 percent of whites the same age). Examination of the data by marital status shows that women who married while they were pregnant were the most likely to practice contraception in the year following their first birth, while those who were single at the time of first birth were the least likely to do so (89 versus 74 percent). Blacks constituted the majority of women who were not married at the time of first birth, and of all marital subgroups, single blacks had the highest rate of nonuse (29 percent). The probability of a pregnancy during the year following a first birth for all teenage mothers was 17 percent. Pregnancy rates among women with incomes less than 150 percent of poverty level were nearly twice as high as rates among women who had incomes above that level--21 percent vs. 11 percent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social marketing of contraceptives in Bangladesh.

Since 1975 there has been a family planning program operating in Bangladesh which advertises and commercially distributes contraceptive products in both rural and urban areas throughout the country. The program, known as the Social Marketing Project (SMP) and managed by Population Services International (PSI), now serves almost 1 million acceptors per month at an annual cost per couple of less than US$6.50, including the cost of donated contraceptives. This paper looks at the evolution of the project and its growth through the years, and addresses some primary concerns of planners of social marketing programs.

Advertising↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sources of prescription contraceptives and subsequent pregnancy among young women.

For more than four in 10 teenage women who first obtained a prescription contraceptive from a private doctor or family planning clinic prior to pregnancy, marriage or interview in 1979, that method was the first they had ever used. Whites were over two times more likely to have previously used a nonprescription method than were blacks. Blacks, on the other hand, were two times more likely than whites to have been virgins before first using a prescription method. Slightly more than half of all young women who used a prescription method first obtained it from a family planning clinic, and the remainder got it from a private physician. Blacks were much more likely to have gone to a clinic than were whites. Nine in 10 of those who obtained a prescription method chose the pill. Among blacks, there was no appreciable difference between those who got the method from a clinic and those whose source was a private doctor. Whites who obtained their method from a private doctor, however, were somewhat more likely to choose the pill than were those who got it from a clinic. Of all who had been sexually active before ever using a prescription method, about eight out of 10 whites, but only about five in 10 blacks, had previously used a nonprescription method. Overall, there was an interval of about one year between first intercourse and the time the young women first got a prescription method. Among whites, there was no difference in parental education or family stability between clinic and private physician patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive and sexual practices among single women with an unplanned pregnancy: partner influences.

Data from an urban obstetrics clinic on 291 unmarried women with a current unplanned pregnancy show that women with only one partner in the past year are older and are more likely to use the most effective contraceptive methods than are women who have more than one partner. Women with only one partner are also more likely to be solely responsible for decision-making about the choice of contraceptive methods, and are not as likely to use drugs in conjunction with sex. However, women with one partner are also less likely than others to use condoms or to protect in some other way against sexually transmitted diseases or the human immunodeficiency virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Factors determining the choice of contraceptive methods at the Family Planning Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

In a study of 2000 women volunteers seeking contraceptive services at the Family Planning Clinic (FPC), University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 66.2 per cent chose the intrauterine device (IUD) making it the most common method of contraception. Factors influencing choice of contraceptive methods were advice from friends and family members, intended duration of use and information from the media. Ignorance, fear and unfounded cultural beliefs were factors responsible for the delay in seeking contraceptive advice. The mass media was an important source of information for most of the women. We conclude that the IUD is the contraceptive of choice in our clinic because of the highly selective nature of our clients. In order to provide a service with a broader clientele, we suggest the incorporation of other priority reproductive health services such as cervical and breast cancer screening, prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Non-availability of the IUD and contraceptive choice.

The Copper 7 and Lippes Loop IUD are no longer distributed in the United States, and the cost of the Progestasert precludes usage in many family planning clinics. The impact of the loss of this widely used contraceptive method was assessed in a pilot study at the UCLA Family Planning Clinic. The clients who would have selected an IUD at the time of their clinic visit between March and December of 1986 instead chose oral contraceptive pills (55%) or barrier methods (45%) but their level of dissatisfaction with the methods they received was significantly greater than that of all other contraceptors, and this led to their subsequent selection of another method which, in the majority (66%), was of lower efficacy than the IUD. There were two unplanned conceptions amongst twenty women who would have chosen an IUD, both due to non-compliance with oral contraceptive pills; and at the time of survey in March 1987, no clients had opted for sterilization. Women who no longer have their choice of the IUD represent a high risk for contraceptive dissatisfaction and failure, but have not made precipitous decisions to undergo permanent sterilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Family planning knowledge and practice among Nigerian women attending an antenatal clinic.

This study investigates family planning activity in 308 Nigerian women attending an antenatal clinic. Family planning awareness was present in 234 women (76%) and practice occurred in 168 (54.5%). Proposal to practice family planning occurred in 66 of 137 women who had never used contraception while 69 (22.4%) had no intention to practice family planning. The best-known type of contraception was the condom, 182 (59.1%); the most common used, the safe period (rhythm), 73 women (23.7%); while Billings' contraception was the most commonly proposed type, 72 women (23.4%). Knowledge of the beneficial effects of the chosen method of contraception was claimed by 102 women (43.6%) while 33 (14.2%) conceded ignorance of this. Similarly, 81 women (34.6%) claimed to know the adverse effects of their chosen method of contraception, while 119 (50.9%) admitted ignorance of it. The most common source of information on contraception was the printed media, 112 (47.9%), while the least common was lecture/sex instruction, 27 (11.5%). Lack of adequate information and ignorance are key factors militating against family planning practice in Nigeria. Family planning activity in Nigeria would be improved by wider dissemination of information on family planning through public lectures and the electronic media; training of family planning counselors to facilitate grass-roots coverage; universal entrenchment of family planning counseling into routine antenatal clinic activities; and integration of private medical centers into the national family planning service.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use in Canada, 1984.

Canada's first national fertility survey, carried out by telephone in 1984, found that 68 percent of all women aged 18-49-73 percent of currently married women, 69 percent of the previously married women and 57 percent of single women--are practicing contraception. Overall, the most widely used method of birth control in Canada is sterilization (male and female), which is relied on by almost 60 percent of all married users and 66 percent of previously married users. Among single women, the preferred method is the pill, chosen by seven out of 10 of such users. Among all women, the major determinant of method choice is age: The pill is overwhelmingly chosen by women under 25, and sterilization, by those 30 and over. While the IUD and the condom are used by roughly 10-14 percent of women in their 20s who practice contraception, these methods decline in importance with increasing age. Highly educated women are less likely than those with little education to elect sterilization, and more likely to rely on barrier methods. Differences in contraceptive prevalence and patterns of use between Catholics and Protestants have all but disappeared in Canada, but church attendance and country of birth appear to exert a modest influence on method choice. As might be anticipated, women whose family size is complete have considerably higher levels of contraceptive use than those who expect to have more children. The survey reveals no difference in contraceptive use between Quebec women and those in the rest of Canada, thus confirming both the accuracy of earlier Quebec studies showing extremely high levels of sterilization and the applicability of these findings to all other Canadian women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural family planning in the Philippines.

The calendar rhythm method of natural family planning (NFP) is one of the most popular contraceptive methods in the Philippines. As a result, the Philippines has one of the highest NFP prevalence rates in the developing world. In recent years, family planning program officials have become increasingly interested in improving the practice of NFP, both by improving the quality of rhythm practice and by introducing newer, more accurate NFP methods. Over the years a substantial body of research data related to NFP practice in the Philippines has accumulated. This paper presents major findings from past research on NFP in the Philippines, discusses their implications for program management, describes current research, and suggests needs for future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Family planning experiences of Vietnamese women.

The increasing Vietnamese population in the United States and the high fertility rate seen in this group warrant studies about Vietnamese cultural beliefs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine sociocultural factors that influence family planning practices of Vietnamese refugee women. Findings reveal that the stresses associated with starting over in a new land, such as concern about finances and learning English, influenced younger Vietnamese women in this study to use family planning methods that would limit the number of future pregnancies. The meaning of children and the importance of their educational future were also influential in determining the number of children desired and family planning practices. Cultural and religious beliefs also directed the women's choice of method. Results from this study can be used to educate health care professionals, increase appropriate educational material for Vietnamese women, and assist in the development of appropriate family planning programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Women's satisfaction with Norplant as compared with oral contraceptives.

BACKGROUND: Women's satisfaction with their chosen method of contraception has seldom been evaluated, especially in the primary care setting. This study compared women who use Norplant with those who use oral contraceptives with regard to patient satisfaction with, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of, their birth control method. METHODS: We sent questionnaires to 115 Norplant users and 148 oral contraceptive users. The questionnaire asked for demographic data; a rating of level of satisfaction with their contraceptive; whether they would choose their method again; whether they would recommend their contraceptive to a friend; and what they perceived as its advantages and disadvantages. RESULTS: Sixty percent of responding Norplant users were satisfied with their method as compared with 72% of oral contraceptive users (P > .05). Sixty-three percent of Norplant users indicated that they would use their method again, compared with 88% of oral contraceptive users (P < .05). Seventy-four percent of Norplant users said they would recommend their method to a friend as compared with 97% of oral contraceptive users (P < .05). Oral contraceptive users reported significantly less menstrual bleeding and cramping than did Norplant users (P < .05), and Norplant users reported significantly more acne and bleeding irregularities (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the majority of responding Norplant and oral contraceptive users were satisfied with their current method of contraception. However, Norplant users reported being less willing to use their method again or to recommend it to a friend, as compared with women using oral contraceptives. Norplant users noted more bleeding irregularities, more cramping, and increased acne.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Coping with fertility in Israel: a case study of culture clash.

The concepts of culture-bound belief systems and explanatory models focused on reproduction and contraception are applied to a case of a married Jewish woman seeking to interrupt an unwanted pregnancy. Discrepancies between the lay belief system held by the woman, and the clinical belief system of the medical mediators of contraception and abortion, have created a situation where none of the alternatives at the woman's disposal seems correct: the options available for preventing pregnancy are unacceptable or inefficient; having a child is also not acceptable; and termination of unwanted pregnancy by abortion is ethically and morally wrong. The "no-win" situation results from medical ethnocentrism and failure to interpret the context of meanings and norms within which health decisions are constructed.

Abortion, Induced↗