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PubMed1991

Studies on monoclonal antibody against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Three hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) have been established by fusing mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with rhG-CSF. Ascites was obtained from BALB/c mice by injecting the hybridoma cells intraperitoneally. Three McAbs were purified by the caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate method. For each, the IgG subclass, valence and activity, molecular weight, specificity and affinity were determined. The applications of McAbs against rhG-CSF in the clinic and laboratory are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lipophilic N-acylpyrazinamide derivatives: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, liposome incorporation, and in vitro activity against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.

N-acetyl-(2), N-caproyl-(3), N-capryl-(4) and N-palmitoyl-pyrazinamide (5) were synthesized by reacting pyrazinamide (1) with acetic anhydride to prepare (2), or by reacting (1) in chloroform with the corresponding acid chlorides to prepare (3-5). Products were identified by high resolution mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and 1H NMR. Melting points, enthalpies of fusion, solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients were determined. Hydrolysis of (2) indicated a pseudo first-order, pH-dependent degradation reaction. Apparent half life times of degradation ranged from 74.2 hours at pH 3 to 5.4 hours at pH 7.34. Derivative (5) was incorporated in liposomes consisting of soy phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (7:3 molar ratio). The in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) to the liposomal compound containing (5) was tested. MAI was susceptible to (5) at concentrations of 12.5-25 micrograms/ml, although MAI is not susceptible to the parent drug (1). Thus, a new class of antimycobacterial agents with physicochemical properties suitable for stable incorporation within liposomes and high antibiotic efficacy against MAI is presented.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the heart mitochondria during adrenergic stimulation and blockade under ketamine anesthesia].

A reduction of breathing control in palmitoylcarnitine oxidation without changes in phosphorylation efficacy coefficient have been noted upon intraabdominal injections of ketamine to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The morphological signs noted were: mitochondrial matrix induration and insignificant focal disturbances of cardiac apparatus (myofibril) contractility. In beta-adrenergic stimulation of the heart by novodrine during ketamine anesthesia a sharp reduction in breathing control and phosphorylation efficacy coefficient are observed with the oxidation of succinate, caprylic acids and palmitoylcarnitine by myocardial mitochondria. Morphologically the disturbance of mitochondrial cysts, appearance of mitochondrial myelinic structures and partial destruction of mitochondrial membranes have been observed. In beta-adrenergic heart blockade by adrenoblockers obsidan and cordanum during ketamine anesthesia, obsidan induces an increase in phosphorylation efficacy coefficient, with morphologically normal energy and contractility apparatus. Cordanum is not so effective when used during ketamine anesthesia.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1991

High-porosity activated carbons for bilirubin removal.

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the extent of activation of synthetic granula and fibrous carbons and the adsorption of bilirubin from protein solutions. The total pore volumes of granular carbons START, SCN and fibrous activated carbons ACFM were 0.9-2.2. cm3/g and 0.8-1.5 cm3/g, respectively. A parallel increase in volume and specific surface area of micropores lead to a 4-5-fold increase of bilirubin adsorption from a 3% HSA solution. About 3 mg of bilirubin per 1 ml of the working column volume is removed from the solution with a 18 mg/100 ml concentration, after 8 min contact with an adsorbent after 4 hours of perfusion. Removal of bilirubin from model solutions means the conformation of albumin molecules can be restored. Carbon adsorbents synthesized for the elimination of bilirubin from protein-containing solutions can also be called deliganding adsorbents, since under some experimental conditions they eliminate other protein-bound ligands, viz. phenols by 97-99%, bile acids by 90-92% and sodium caprylate by 89-95%.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

[The prevention of chickenpox in high risk children. Comparison of the effectiveness of specific immunoglobulins and of defibrinated convalescent plasma. 414 cases (author's transl)].

Comparison between 157 children treated with defibrinated convalescent plasma and 257 children treated with specific immunoglobulins revealed the improved effectiveness of the latter treatment in the prevention of chickenpox. Specific Herpes Zoster-Chickenpox immunoglobulins are prepared by caprylic acid fractionation of convalescent plasma. The prevention obtained in more than 90% of cases would appear to be clinically and biologically total as shown by serological surveillance of certain children with particularly severe immune depression.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1990

The effect of short chain fatty acid supplementation on membrane electrolyte transport and blood pressure.

Eleven normotensive subjects with no family history of essential hypertension took part in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study to examine the effects of supplementing a normal omnivore diet with miglyol. This resulted in a fall in diastolic blood pressure in both the supine and standing positions, achieving statistical significance for the standing diastolic pressures, following miglyol treatment. Miglyol is rich in caprylic (8:0) and capric acids (10:0), both short chain saturated fatty acids, and supplementation with this produced a significant fall in erythrocyte membrane oleic and linoleic acid (P less than 0.01 compared to placebo for each fatty acid), as well as a fall in the saturated fat palmitic acid (16:0) (P less than 0.01). These changes were not associated with any alterations in total erythrocyte sodium influx, bumetanide sensitive influx or sodium red cell intracellular or potassium content. In addition, body weight and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium did not change. These data indicate that this dietetic manipulation with an oil rich in short chain saturated fatty acids lowers diastolic blood pressure but not as a result of changes in membrane sodium handling. It is possible that the short chain fats displace the longer carbon chain fatty acids which are metabolically important to cellular integrity and it is in this way that blood pressure falls.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of the antibody concentration and protective activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa of gamma-globulin and IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparations].

The protective effect of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin isolated by the caprylate-alcohol technique has been found to be more pronounced in comparison with that of the commercial preparation of gamma globulin in experiments on mice infected with P. aeruginosa live culture. The effectiveness of this protective action correlates with a higher content of antibodies to P. aeruginosa O-antigen in IgM-enriched immunoglobulin. In mice injected with P. aeruginosa toxin both preparations have shown equal intensity of their protective action.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the oxidation of the intermediates of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver mitochondria of young rabbits during perinatal development].

Respiratory activity of liver mitochondria has been studied in perinatal rabbits (29 day old embryos, neonatal and 30 day old rabbits). Intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate (with malate), as well as of fat metabolism, caprylate, were used as oxidative substrates for mitochondria. Pyruvate was shown to be oxidized more intensively, particularly in liver mitochondria of newborn rabbits. Mitochondrial enzyme system is supposed to promote the oxidation of carbohydrate substrates which is characteristic of a given tissue during perinatal development.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Study of cough in anaesthetized cats with experimental pulmonary oedema.

The authors studied parameters of laryngopharyngeal (LPh) and tracheobronchial (TB) cough (the number of efforts--NE, the number of efforts per minute--NE.min-1, the intensity of the maximum effort--IME and the intensity of the attack--IA), respiratory parameters (VT, f, Cdyn), blood gas values (PaO2, PaCO2) and the pH in the arterial blood of anaesthetized cats (Pentobarbital Spofa, 35 mg x kg-1 i.p. with experimental pulmonary oedema. Oedema was induced by the i.v. administration of a fatty acid mixture (capric acid 3.8 g, caprylic acid 3.1 g and olive oil 3.0 g)--in a dose of 0.05 ml x kg-1 in group 1 and of 0.01 ml x kg-1 in group 2. Cough was elicited by stimulating the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucosa with a silon fibre. Pulmonary oedema was determined from a macroscopic and microscopic examination of the lungs, from the ratio of lung weight to body weight and from the percentual dry weight of the right lungs. The authors found that the intensity of cough was depressed during pulmonary oedema, particularly in the case of TB cough. VT and Cdyn fell, f rose and the PaO2 and pH values steadily decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Prospects for the use of monoclonal antibodies in Yersinia pestis].

Industrial production of plague monoclonal antibodies in mice BALB/c was shown possible. Precipitation of the immunoglobulins with caprylic acid provided the highest purity of the preparations. Maintenance of the specific activity by the monoclonal antibodies was stable. The immunoenzymatic conjugate and erythrocytic diagnosticum on the basis of the monoclonal antibodies are sensitive, specific and may be used in antiplague practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Anaphylaxis to human serum albumin.

During her 26th week of pregnancy a 20-year-old woman developed generalized pruritus, urticaria, flushing, tinnitus, and tachycardia during plasmapheresis with 5% human serum albumin (HSA) as adjunctive treatment for anti-Kell isoimmunization. The reaction was controlled with intravenous diphenhydramine. Despite pretreatment with diphenhydramine and betamethasone a subsequent attempt to perform plasmapheresis with infusion of 5% HSA resulted in a more severe reaction which progressed to respiratory distress. Intradermal skin testing with 5% HSA produced a 9 x 11-mm wheal and 17 x 21-mm erythema at 15 minutes. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was positive for IgE antibody to 5% HSA before and after dialysis for removal of Na caprylate. These results are consistent with an IgE-mediated basis for this patient's reaction to HSA.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Fatty acid activation of the reconstituted brown adipose tissue mitochondria uncoupling protein.

The effect of fatty acids, palmitoyl-CoA, and N',N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide on the ion conductance of the reconstituted brown adipose tissue mitochondria uncoupling protein was investigated. 1, 5, and 10 microM palmitic acid induced a specific, GDP inhibited, increase in proton conductance in proteoliposomes containing the uncoupling protein but not in proteoliposomes prepared with purified protein extracts of liver mitochondria. 10 microM oleic acid, like palmitic acid, increased proton conductance in proteoliposomes prepared with the uncoupling protein. Palmitoyl-CoA and caprylic acid had no effect on increasing proton conductance. Similar to the observation in mitochondria, there was no effect of palmitic acid on Cl-conductance, but unlike mitochondria its activation by palmitoyl-CoA or inhibition by N',N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was lost. The results, obtained in an isolated system, provide support for the contention that long chain fatty acids act as an acute physiological activator of the uncoupling protein.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1981

[Investigations of the enzyme spectrum of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (author's transl)].

The enzyme spectrum of non proliferating cells of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was investigated by means of different low molecular synthetic substrates. Activities of aminopeptidases were found directed against compounds of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-tryptophane, and L-tyrosine, but not against compounds of l-cystine, L-glutaminic acid, L-histidine, L-hydroxyproline, and L-valine (Table 1). The pH optimum of the investigated aminopeptidases ranges from neutral to alkaline reaction (Table 2). Trypsin, chymotrypsin, or chymotrypsin-like proteases were not detected. E. rhusiopathiae possess esterase activity splitting esters of lower carboxylic acids, i. e. acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and caprylic acid, but no lipase activity. Under the provoked glycosidases only alpha- and beta-D-galactosidase and glucosaminidase were positive. Weak activities of phosphatases and arylsulfatase were found also (Table 3).

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of novodrin on fatty acid oxidation by the myocardial mitochondria of white rats].

It has been shown in experiments on white rats that a single intraperitoneal injection of novodrine (1 mg/kg) stimulates respiration in myocardial mitochondria in a state of V0. Caprylate and palmitoyl carnitine were used as substrate. The drug reduces the rate of respiration in an active state so that the magnitude of respiratory control decreases. The VDNP rate increases during respiratory dissociation and phosphorylation. The novodrine-induced alterations in the functioning of electron transfer in myocardial mitochondria leads to the reduction of the synthesis of macroergic bonds in the form of ATP.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anti-pseudomonas immunoglobulin. II. Preparation of purified sheep immunoglobulins.

Several methods of fractionation of sheep anti-sera against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were applied for the preparation of immunoglobulins. The methods involving salting out with ammonium sulfate or purification by means of caprylic acid were shown to be most suitable for isolation of immunoglobulins under manufacturing conditions. The preparations obtained by these methods agglutinated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suspension in vitro and protected mice against lethal infection with this microorganism.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of lipid infusions on triglyceride and protein metabolism].

In metabolically healthy volunteers we investigated the influence of long and medium chained triglycerides on the kinetic of the free fatty acids in blood and on protein metabolism. During a three hour infusion of lipid emulsion (infusion rate 120 mg/kg BW X h) consisting of 50% medium and 50% long chained triglycerides we observed a significant increase of the concentrations of the medium chained free fatty acids (caprylic and capric acid), which decreased down to basic values with a half life of 30 minutes immediately after the infusion period. The total concentration of free fatty acids was higher during the infusion of a MCT/LCT mixture than during the infusion of pure LCT. Glucose infused simultaneously reduced the metabolism of the free fatty acids. MCT induced higher ketonemia and ketonuria than LCT, the ketogenesis could be suppressed by additional glucose. Compared to the glycerol control infusion the total nitrogen excretion was reduced under lipid infusion. Beside the lower excretion of Glu + Gln and Ala the excretion of 3-methylhistidine was reduced, which indicates a decreased on muscle protein turnover as referred to increased free fatty acids and the ketone body concentrations respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Parameters influencing the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

Investigations were done on the role of several parameters of incubation, carbon sources, fatty acids and Tween 80 on the in vitro growth of M. lm on Ogawa medium. It was found that incubation of aerated tubes at 37 degree C in a humidified atmosphere was optimal. Glycerol is necessary in the medium at concentrations of 0.5 to 2%. Acetate inhibits growth; there is no beneficial effect from Tween 80 or sodium salts of oleic, caproic, caprylic and palmitic acid. The pH of the medium is very critical since optimal growth occurs only between pH 5.8 and 6.3 on Ogawa egg yolk medium.

Culture Media↗