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PubMed1989

The influence of bromocriptine on the ultrastructure of cultured T47D (human breast cancer) cells.

Following a previous ultrastructural study of untreated T47D human breast cancer cells, we studied the influence of bromocriptine on the same cell line with the electron microscope. Our results suggest that bromocriptine exerts a direct effect on the morphology of T47D cells, which after treatment were better preserved. Some morphological evidence was noted hinting that colchicine and bromocriptine may have some similar properties. It is possible that the T47D cell line is biologically responsive to bromocriptine and therefore it is a potentially useful model for studies on the mechanism of action of bromocriptine on the morphological level in human breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1978

Effect of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine on blood pressure, catecholamines and renin activity in acromegalics at rest, following exercise and during insulin induced hypoglycemia.

Seven acromegalic patients were given bromocriptine, starting with 1.25 mg/day, then gradually increased to 20 mg daily, which dosage was continued for 3--9 weeks. Treatment with bromocriptine resulted in a significant fall of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in supine and upright position accompanied by a marked reduction in plasma and urinary noradrenaline but without effect on adrenaline. Plasma renin activity fell during institution of bromocriptine and remained significantly lower during prolonged treatment. Urinary aldosterone showed no significant changes during medication. The plasma noradrenaline response to physical exercise was reduced by bromocriptine treatment, whereas the adrenaline response was unaltered. The plasma catecholamine response to hypoglycemia was not statistically different during bromocriptine as compared to before medication.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1989

Bromocriptine mesylate for lactation suppression: a risk for postpartum hypertension?

The etiology of postpartum eclampsia and hypertension remains controversial. Recent reports have suggested a possible idiosyncratic hypertensive reaction associated with the use of bromocriptine mesylate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bromocriptine, used for lactation suppression, is a risk factor for postpartum hypertension. In 1813 consecutively delivered staff patients, blood pressures at three separate home visits were obtained between 3-21 days postpartum. Postpartum hypertension, defined for the purposes of this study as systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or greater and/or diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or greater on any of the three home visits, was the dependent variable; bromocriptine exposure was the independent variable. Covariates included age, race, chronic hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and antihypertensive medication. Discriminant analysis, including the first-order interactions, revealed that race, history of chronic hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and antihypertensive medication contributed significantly to postpartum hypertension (F (7, 1803) = 107.9; P less than .001, explained variance 30%). Of all the interaction terms, only the bromocriptine by pregnancy-induced hypertension interaction was significant. These findings support the contention that patients with antepartum pregnancy-induced hypertension who receive bromocriptine for lactation suppression are at increased risk for postpartum hypertension. Avoiding the elective use of this drug in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension might constitute a reasonable clinical response to these findings.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

A comparison of bromocriptine (Parlodel) and levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) for treatment of "de novo" Parkinson's disease patients.

Fifty-one patients were enrolled in a double-blind, parallel group, multicentre study conducted to assess short-term efficacy and tolerance of bromocriptine (Parlodel) or L-DOPA/carbidopa (Sinemet) in patients never treated with amantadine, ergot alkaloids or L-DOPA-based drugs. An attempt to use the lowest effective dose was made. The responder rate for each group was approximately 78%; the mean daily dose for responders was 22.5 mg of bromocriptine or 250 mg of L-DOPA/carbidopa. The overall clinical improvement in each group was 62% (bromocriptine) and 55% (L-DOPA/carbidopa) for neurological assessment and 36% (bromocriptine) and 31% (L-DOPA/carbidopa) for functional disability. Comparison between groups did not show any significant difference for both neurological and disability assessments. The most frequent side effect was nausea (L-DOPA, N = 3; bromocriptine, N = 6).

Antiparkinson Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutical effects of bromocriptine (CB 154) in 10 acromegalic subjects. Study of somatotrophic function and clinical survey (author's transl)].

Plasma GH levels were studied following acute administration of 2.5 mg of bromocriptine (CB 154) in 12 acromegalic patients. In 9 responders, reduction of GH levels was obvious 2 to 4 hours after bromocriptine administration and the lowest values were achieved between 5 and 8 hours following drug absorption. This pattern suggested the use of bromocriptine at a dose of 2.5 mg six-hourly in chronic treatment of acromegaly. Chronic administration of CB-154 in 10 acromegalic patients was followed by a stable reduction of plasma GH levels in seven subjects. No appreciable variation in GH levels were observed in one patient who was unresponsive to acute administration of CB-154 and in two other subjects treated with 2.5 mg 12-hourly. In three patients who had high plasma GH levels inspite of an anterior treatment by hypophyseal surgery and/or physiotherapy, plasma GH values were normalised under bromocriptine therapy. (9 to 24 months). In the four other subjects, high basal plasma GH levels were reduced with at least 50% reduction rate from baseline. Nevertheless, in two subjects from the latter group bromocriptine daily dose was increased to 20 mg divided in four fractions, because of an escape phenomenon to initial dose regimen. Normalisation or reduction of plasma GH levels was associated with considerable clinical improvement. Tolerance of the drug was excellent in all patients but four who experienced nausea and vomiting; these side effects disappeared when treatment was reduced and then increased gradually.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1986

Dopamine agonists in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. Comparison between bromocriptine and lisuride.

27 patients (12 women and 15 men) with hyperprolactinemia were treated with the dopamine agonists lisuride (Dopergin) and bromocriptine on a cross-over basis for 3-6 months. By this treatment, plasma prolactin levels were reduced by 83 and 87%, and normalization was achieved in 13 patients in the lisuride group (average dosage 1 mg/d) and in 15 patients in the bromocriptine group (average dosage 10 mg/d). Side effects, consisting of orthostatic hypotension, vomiting and nausea, occurred in 11 patients treated with lisuride and 13 patients treated with bromocriptine, and 2 patients in the lisuride group and one in the bromocriptine group stopped the medication for this reason. There was a good correlation in the doses of both drugs used. There was a tendency for the prolactin-lowering effect of lisuride to last longer upon cessation of therapy which might be related to the higher receptor affinity of both drugs. In general, however, the present results indicate that bromocriptine and lisuride are comparable in efficacy and side effects, but that individual patients respond better to one or the other drug.

Bromocriptine↗

PubMed1979

Treatment of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy with bromocriptine: a double-blind controlled trial.

A randomized double-blind clinical comparison of bromocriptine, a new dopamine agonist, and placebo was performed on 7 cirrhotic patients with chronic portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE). Before given either medication, patients were stabilized with a standard treatment (neomycin and cathartics). Serial semiquantitative assessments were done, including mental state, asterixis, number connection test, electroencephalogram, and ammonia blood levels. Three patients developed signs of precoma while ingesting both placebo and bromocriptine. Two patients experienced precoma only with placebo, and another patient only while taking bromocriptine. One patient remained awake throughout the study. All patients responded initially to neomycin and cathartics. Bromocriptine proved not to be significantly superior to placebo and was always inferior to standard treatment. During treatment with bromocriptine, 3 patients experienced constipation. This may be partially responsible for the ineffectiveness in the treatment of PSE.

Ammonia↗

PubMed1985

[Results of bromocriptine treatment of giant or invasive prolactin adenomas. Apropos of 20 cases].

The therapeutic results of twenty patients with giant expansive prolactinomas were studied under bromocriptine as treatment of first intent (Group I, n = 10) or of second intent after surgery with or without radiotherapy (Group II, n = 10). Patients in Group I (PRL: 350-17 000 ng/ml) were given bromocriptine alone (10 to 20 mg/day) for a period of 21 days to 22 months. The visual fields and acuity returned to normal in 8 days to 3 months in 4 out of 7 patients and significantly improved in 2 out of 7 patients. A reduction in tumour size was demonstrated on CT scanning in 7 out of 10 patients mainly in the suprasellar region (6/9) with appearances of a partially empty sella in 4 cases. Normalisation of the PRL (7 out of 10 cases) was accompanied by a correction of one or more other hypophyseal deficits in 3 patients. Bromocriptine was continued in 5 out of 10 cases with a good result after 12 to 22 months follow-up. Five patients were referred secondarily for surgery for spontaneous rhinorrhea in 1 patient or because Bromocriptine was only partially effective in 4 patients; a postoperative visual improvement with reduced serum prolactin levels was observed in these 4 cases. In Group II (PRL: 200-11 600 ng/ml after surgery), bromocriptine therapy (5 to 30 mg/day for 1.5 to 72 months) was associated with normalisation or a significant improvement in visual symptoms in 6 out of 9 cases and a reduction in tumour size in 8 out of 10 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗

PubMed1977

Interaction between bromocriptine and levodopa. Biochemical basis for an improved treatment for parkinsonism.

The present investigation examined the biochemical interaction of bromocriptine and levodopa with respect to monoamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism in the brain. Rats were treated with levodopa, 250 mg per kilogram of body weight intraperitoneally, with or without carbidopa, 25 mg per kilogram, 1 or 2 hours before sacrifice. Some were also given bromocriptine, 5.0 mg per kilogram, 4 hours before sacrifice. Rats were killed 1 and 2 hours after levodopa and brain levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and monoamines, and their metabolites were measured. Dopamine levels and metabolism were not markedly altered when bromocriptine was added to levodopa treatment. The level of serotonin, which was reduced 25 to 40 percent by levodopa alone, was close to normal with the combination treatment. Serotonin metabolism was also enhanced by the addition of bromocriptine as shown by increased levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The results suggest that bromocriptine not only may improve the motor disorder of parkinsonism but also may reduce some side effects of levodopa therapy, such as depression, which could be due to serotonin depletion.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Long-term bromocriptine treatment and somatostatin in acromegaly.

9 active acromegalic patients were treated for 12 months with bromocriptine (Parlodel, Sandoz) in a daily dose of 10 mg, and at the end of this treatment a somatostatin infusion was administered. The glucose tolerance and the serum hGH level were determined, and the changes in the clinical symptoms were evaluated. 7 patients (responder group) reacted favourably to the treatment; the other 2 proved to be non-responders, the hGH increasing as a consequence of bromocriptine treatment. The non-responders were among those patients who reacted to hyperglycaemia with a hGH increase (paradox glucose response). The somatostatin infusion employed in the drug treatment caused a very drastic decrease in the hGH level. The biochemical and clinical changes were not synchronous. The results permit the conclusions that (1) a relatively small dose of bromocriptine has a very good effect in the large majority of acromegalic patients; (2) the behaviour of the glucose response is an important point in the differentiation of the non-responders; (3) with somatostatin infusion during bromocriptine treatment a further considerable hGH decrease may be induced (a role is presumably played in the effect by the substitution of the hypothalamically drug-inhibited somatostatin release by exogenous material); (4) there is not a close parallel between the hGH decrease on bromocriptine treatment and the clinical improvement, which indicates the significance of the peripheral effects of the drug.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1982

Alpha-adrenolytic properties of bromocriptine in dogs.

The effects of bromocriptine on dose-response curves to intravenously administered sympathomimetic agents (adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine and clonidine) were studied in normotensive anesthetized dogs. After pretreatment with bromocriptine (0.3 or 1 mg/kg i.v.) low doses of adrenaline showed a significant depressor action. In contrast, this drug failed to modify the variations in blood pressure induced by noradrenaline. Bromocriptine reduced the pressor effect of phenylephrine and the hypotensive action of clonidine. These results suggest that, in addition to dopaminergic stimulant properties, bromocriptine also possesses alpha-adrenolytic properties. The data obtained with phenylephrine and clonidine suggest that bromocriptine is a mixed alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist. The differences observed between adrenaline and noradrenaline are discussed in term of different subtypes (intra- and extra-synaptic) of alpha-adrenoceptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1983

Cardiovascular effects of bromocriptine and lergotrile in renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Cardiovascular effects of the dopamine receptor agonists, bromocriptine and lergotrile, were examined in renal hypertensive rats (RHR), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in normotensive rats (NTR). In SHR, bromocriptine at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg i.p. and lergotrile at 0.3 mg/kg i.p. produced significant decreases in blood pressure and heart rate and the effects were prevented by haloperidol pretreatment. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that bromocriptine- and lergotrile-induced cardiovascular effects are due to a reduction in sympathetic tone via activation of neuronal dopamine receptors. In contrast to SHR, bromocriptine as well as lergotrile, at doses of 0.3 mg/kg i.p., were ineffective in RHR. Only at the 1 mg/kg i.p. dose, both the agents reduced blood pressure in RHR, but increased heart rate and only the effects of bromocriptine were antagonized by haloperidol. The magnitude and the duration of the hypotensive effect produced by both the agents were smaller in RHR than in SHR. The ganglion blocking agent, chlorisondamine, reduced blood pressure equally in RHR and SHR, but not in NTR, indicating a role for the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of high blood pressure in both SHR and RHR. It is further suggested that neuronal dopamine receptors that mediate reduction in resting sympathetic tone are less sensitive in RHR as compared to SHR.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Anti-tumorous effect of bromocriptine in prolactin-secreting adenomas. A case-report (author's transl)].

Bromocriptine inhibits prolactin release. An increasing number of observations, including the one reported in this paper, provide evidence that bromocriptine can also cause significant reduction in the size of prolactin-secreting adenomas. This effect can now be easily demonstrated by CT scanning. Bromocriptine can be used, not only after surgery has failed, but also in order to facilitate the surgical procedure, thereby increasing the surgical success rate. Some authors suggest that prolactin-secreting adenomas be treated with bromocriptine only. Several questions remain open, for instance, why the response to bromocriptine is unpredictable, and whether prolonged therapy with a dopaminergic drug whose effect is not restrained to hypophyseal cells will have adverse side-effects.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1983

Effect of dopamine and bromocriptine on rat ileal and colonic transport. Stimulation of absorption and reversal of cholera toxin-induced secretion.

Water and electrolyte transport were determined in rat ileum and colon using the single-pass perfusion technique. Intraperitoneal dopamine caused prompt stimulation of both ileal and colonic water absorption. The dopamine effect was mediated by both specific dopamine and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Haloperidol, a specific dopamine antagonist, and yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, inhibited the effect of dopamine in ileal absorption; both antagonists alone had no effect on basal water transport. Bromocriptine (intravenous and intraluminal) stimulated ileal and colonic water absorption, which was inhibited by haloperidol and yohimbine, and reversed cholera toxin-induced ileal secretion. Magnitude and time-courses of the increased water absorption in ileal loops, inoculated with saline, were the same as in loops, inoculated with saline, suggesting that bromocriptine acted to reverse cholera toxin-induced secretion by stimulating absorption. Bromocriptine had no effect on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate increase caused by cholera toxin. We conclude (a) dopamine stimulates water absorption in vivo in rat ileum and colon; (b) this dopamine effect is via specific dopamine and alpha 2-receptors; (c) bromocriptine stimulates water absorption in ileum and colon and also acts by dopamine and alpha 2-receptors; and (d) bromocriptine reverses cholera toxin-induced secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Bromocriptine improves reduced libido and potency in men receiving maintenance hemodialysis.

Twenty-five men on maintenance hemodialysis commenced a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of bromocriptine for erectile impotence. Eight patients on bromocriptine and one on placebo failed to complete the trial due to side-effects and 2 were withdrawn following renal transplantation. Libido or the frequency and/or quality of erections or both improved in 11 of the remaining 14 patients during bromocriptine treatment. A significant (P less than 0.01) improvement in patients' perception of sexual performance occurred on bromocriptine compared with placebo. The 3 patients in whom potency failed to improve had the lowest serum testosterone concentrations. Bromocriptine is usually effective in the management of impotence in males receiving maintenance hemodialysis provided pretreatment serum testosterone is above the lower end of the normal range, but side-effects are relatively common.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Standard and higher doses of bromocriptine for severe chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy.

In a single-blind, cross-over fashion we assessed the therapeutic value of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine at doses of 15 and 20 mg/day plus cleansing enemas, versus the vigorous standard treatment of neomycin 6 g/day plus cleansing enemas. We studied four patients with severe chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. All the patients presented elevated prolactin levels. During the study the following parameters were assessed: mental state, number connection test times, frequency of asterixis, EEG, blood ammonia, and serum prolactin levels. In all but one patient, portal systemic encephalopathy parameters improved during the standard therapy, as opposed to both bromocriptine periods. During the period with 30 mg/day of bromocriptine all four patients developed precoma, although later one patient improved. Serum prolactin levels were rapidly suppressed during both bromocriptine periods. Prolactin levels did not correlate with changes in mental state. In patients with severe portal systemic encephalopathy, treatments with 15 and 30 mg of bromocriptine plus cleansing enemas were no better than the standard therapy.

Bromocriptine↗

PubMed1980

Inhibition of puerperal lactation: A comparative study of bromocriptine and pyridoxine.

Ninety-seven patients requiring suppression of lactation in the postpartum period were treated on a double-blind basis with bromocriptine and pyridoxine--49 patients received bromocriptine and 48 pyridoxine. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was noted, beginning after 1 day of treatment. Bromocriptine was superior to pyridoxine in the parameters measured. At the end of therapy the clinician, the midwife and the patient assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the trial drug. There was a statistically significant difference in favour of bromocriptine. Two patients treated with bromocriptine reported mild side-effects, but medication was not discontinued. In 1 patient receiving pyridoxine side-effects were so severe that medication was discontinued--however, the patient was already receiving the inactive tablets at this stage.

Breast↗

PubMed1981

[Study on hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome and treatment with bromocriptine (author's transl)].

Clinical characteristic of the hyperprolactinemia were studied in 101 cases and effects of Bromocriptine were investigated in 57 cases with hyperprolactinemic anovulation. 1. Lactation was observed in 93.1% of the cases with hyperprolactinemia. There was no relationship between the degree of lactation and Prolactin (PRL) levels. 2. Hyperprolactinemia had no influence on basal gonadotropin levels. 3. In hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome, a negative correlation between estradiol and PRL levels was found. PRL levels in the second grade amenorrhea were higher than those in other grade. 4. In LH-RH test, there was no relationship between PRL and LH-RH test. 5. With Bromocriptine therapy, ovulation was induced in 45 cases and pregnancy was successful in 31 cases. 15 cases of pregnancies were delivered of normal babies and 3 cases fell into abortion. 6. The initial dose of Bromocriptine was 2.5 mg/day. The dosage was increased by determining the PRL as index. 7. Cases with severe anovulation and high PRL levels, required prolonged administration. 8. 15 cases who had no ovulation by Bromocriptine administration for one month, ovulated successfully by clomiphene combined with Bromocriptine. 9. In 31 pregnant cases, there was no significant symptoms of pituitary tumor during pregnancy.

Amenorrhea↗