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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Wound botulism: a life-threatening complication of hand injuries.

Botulism is usually associated with the ingestion of food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, and these organisms occasionally contaminate traumatic injuries. It is unusual for them to result in clinical infection, but when this occurs, it is a catastrophe completely out of proportion to the degree of wound injury. A case is presented in which typical manifestations of descending cranial nerve and generalized motor paralysis were noted. Prolonged respiratory and general supportive assistance was required, as is usually the case. Although mortality rates in this disease are high, recovery is usually complete in survivors and was true in this instance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Type C botulism in American Foxhounds.

Diffuse lower motor neuron dysfunction developed in a group of American Foxhounds while they were hunting. Of 19 dogs, 10 became weak and 9 became quadriplegic. Three of the quadriplegic dogs died before treatment could be instituted. The remaining quadriplegic dogs recovered after being given supportive treatment, with (4 dogs) or without (2 dogs) trivalent (types A, B, E) botulinal antitoxin. The 10 dogs that were weak recovered without treatment. A markedly decreased amplitude of evoked potentials and increased chronaxy were found by electromyographic examination of 2 of the quadriplegic dogs. A toxic substance that was neutralized by type C botulinal antitoxin in mouse inoculation tests was in the serum and feces of the most severly affected dog presented alive and in a fecal extract of another affected dog. In the one dog necropsied, neither gross nor histologic lesions were found in the central or peripheral nervous systems or in the skeletal musculature. The history, clinical signs, electromyographic findings, toxin neutralization tests in mice, and absence of histologic abnormalities in the neuromuscular system provided evidence for the diagnosis of C botulism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Botulism of aquatic birds at the Starý u Pohorelic pond (Breclav District)].

In the years 1981 and 1982 when a mass mortality of wild and domestic water birds was observed on the Starý pond, eleven diseases or just died birds were examined by the neutralization test for botulotoxin and four sludge samples for the presence of Clostridium botulinum. C. Botulinum toxin of C type was detected in four wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) from September 1981 and July 1982 and in one gull (Larus ridibundus) and July 1982. The highest titres (of mice i. p. LD50/g) of botulotoxin in ducks were 10(6.3) in the intestinal contents, 10(6.1) in the liver tissue and 10(5.1) in the stomach contents. In one duck we detected, besides the C type, a smaller botulotoxin amount of A type. Therefore we can recommend a complete serotypifying for the cases of botulism in water birds. Out of four sludge samples collected in September 1982 one sample was negative, whereas in three samples the C botulotoxin was demonstrated after propagation and one C. botulinum strain of C type was isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Botulism caused by preserved mushrooms].

We describe two cases of botulism caused by home-prepared under olive oil mushrooms. We stress the importance of an accurate anamnestic study and of the recovery of the toxic material for the diagnosis and therapy. The serological test on patient's blood, the isolation and the identification of botulinic toxin give the possibility to confer a specific character to the serotherapy The prevention of these toxic infections require a wide education on the preparation and storage of foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Botulism: apropos of a local epidemic].

The authors report a small outbreak of botulism in a family following the consumption of homedried ham. Diagnosis was based on clinical pictures and isolation of the toxin. The epidemiology, physiopathology and recent advances in knowledge of this rare disease are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Botulism revisited. A case report.

Two cases of food-borne botulism following consumption of commercially canned German-made liver sausage are presented. The more serious case involved respiratory paralysis for 15 days, the milder one only muscle weakness in the area of the cranial nerves. Both of the patients recovered well and returned to their jobs half a year after the onset of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental botulism in Pekin ducks.

Clostridium botulinum types B, C, and E were found to produce toxin in killed Pekin ducks after oral administration of spores to the live birds. The highest toxin production was found when the ducks were killed within 40 minutes after the administration of the spores. If the ducks were killed after 4 hours, only small amounts of toxin or no toxin at all was found. Pekin ducks were sensitive to botulinum toxin type C-L after oral administration, the LD50 being 9.6 X 10(4) intraperitoneal mouse LD50. Toxin types B-L, B-M, C-M, and E failed to produce symptoms of botulism. The intravenous LD50 for types B-L, B-M, C-L, and E were respectively 1.5 X 10(4), 1.6 X 10(4), 3.0 X 10(2), and 2.5 X 10(6) intraperitoneal mouse LD50. Although the results clearly showed that ducks are orally not sensitive for botulinum toxin types B and E, multiplication and toxin production of C. botulinum types B and E in dead ducks is possible. Therefore, such carcasses can be vectors in cycles of these types in the environment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immunization of broiler chickens against type C botulism.

Broiler chickens were inoculated with different amounts of a Clostridium botulinum type C toxoid at 1 or 14 or both 1 and 14 days of age. Immunity was assessed following challenge with type C botulism toxin at 3, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Protection induced by toxoid injection was affected more by time and number of inoculations than by the amount of toxoid administered. Single toxoid injections at one day of age furnished poor protection, whereas groups injected at 14 days of age were well protected at 6 and 8 weeks of age but not at 3 weeks of age. Variable results were observed in groups inoculated at both 1 and 14 days of age: immunity was evident in some groups following 3-, 6-, and 8-week toxin challenges.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Botulism in an Oregon dairy cow herd.

Of 18 sick cows in a 100-cow dairy herd in Oregon, 14 died despite treatment. The cows were being fed high-moisture whole corn and alfalfa and rye haylage from pit silos. Signs of illness were anorexia, severe depression, and reduced milk production. Necropsy revealed only hyperemia of the abomasal mucosa and dilated, gas filled large intestine. On the basis of response to treatment, laboratory findings, necropsy findings, and herd history, a tentative diagnosis of botulism was made. This diagnosis was confirmed by results of mouse inoculation tests. Injections of extract from the corn killed mice that were not protected by botulinum antitoxin.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

Infantile botulism: a case follow-up.

A case of infantile botulism is presented. The authors emphasize that electromyographic studies are valuable initially and during follow-up in patients with this disease.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1981

[Mechanism of the functional transformation of paralyzed intercostal muscles in rats with experimental botulism].

The rest membrane potential (RMP) and action potential (AP) of muscle fibers of external and internal intercostal muscles were examined in the local form of botulism. There was a decrease in the RMP and AP magnitudes in both groups of the muscles. This decrease was coupled with a greater proportion of the fibers with a low RMP. The excitability of the muscle fibers varied biphasically; it rose in the early period of paralysis and fell in the later one. The variations found might be accounted for by dystrophy of motoneurons innervating muscles.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of serotonin and histamine in rat submandibular gland under conditions of botulism and toxic diphtheria].

Content of histamine and serotonin was estimated spectrofluorimetrically in rat submandibular salivary glands under conditions of experimental botulinic and diphtheric intoxication. Decrease in secretion of saliva in botulism was due not only to parasympathetic denervation of the salivary glands but also to alterations in serotonin and, especially, histamine metabolism in the gland tissue. Content of these biogenic amines was almost unaltered after increase in secretion of saliva caused by blocking of the sympathetic nervous impulsation by diphtheria toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Electromyographic characteristics of the neuromuscular disorders in botulism].

The total bioelectrical activity of the muscles of the upper extremities as well as the neuromuscular transmission were examined in 30 patients with botulism at various stages of the disease. A picture of low-amplitude interference electromyogram was revealed. The results of stimulation electromyography pointed to a peculiar disorder of the neuromuscular transmission associated with a defect in the mediator release. Dynamic clinical and electromyographic observations pointed to a long period of the motor function restoration in convalescents.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1980

[Mechanism of changes in secretory cell polarization in submandibular salivary glands during experimental botulism].

The polarization level (membrane potential-MP) of varied cells from the submandibular salivary gland was studied in different stages of botulinic poisoning in rats. The MP level of the cells decreased only in the late period (30 days) of local injury to the gland. However, pilocarpine stimulation of the secretory activity over the same period of time made MP return to normal. The authors believe this to be related to the phenomenon of gland decentralization since botulism is likely to entail an injury to the preganglionic parasympathetic neuron innervating the salivary gland, whereas the postganglionic one maintains its trophic effect on the gland tissue for a long period of time.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Maggot-associated type C botulism in game farm pheasants.

Type C botulism on a game farm resulted in the death of approximately 320 pheasants in 8 adjacent pens. Maggots of the genera Calliphora and Wohlfahrtia from 1 dead pheasant were the probable source of toxin for the other birds, and maggot migration before pupation probably resulted in the spread of the disease between pens. Toxin was not isolated from the serum of sick or dead birds, but was isolated from their spleens and livers as well as from maggots.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Type B botulism associated with roasted eggplant in oil--Italy, 1993.

In August and October 1993, public health officials in Italy were notified of seven cases of type B botulism from two apparently unrelated outbreaks in different communities. Investigations were initiated by the Regional Health Observatory of Campania and the Italian National Institute of Health. This report summarizes the outbreak investigations, which indicated that illness was associated with eating commercially prepared roasted eggplant in oil.

Botulism↗
PubMed1995

Foodborne botulism--Oklahoma, 1994.

On July 2, 1994, the Arkansas Department of Health and the Oklahoma State Department of Health were notified about a possible case of foodborne botulism. This report summarizes the investigation, which implicated consumption of improperly stored beef stew.

Botulism↗
PubMed1993

[Botulism in infancy. A rare cause of floppy infant syndrome].

In Europe only a few cases of infantile botulism have been identified. A two month old infant fell ill with feeding difficulties and profound general weakness. Clostridium botulinum and botulinal toxin, the causative agents, were isolated from the patients stool. We describe the typical clinical symptoms and the investigations confirming the diagnosis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗