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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Spondylodiscitis due to Bacteroides fragilis: two cases and review.

Non-iatrogenic spondylodiscitis caused by anaerobic bacteria remains exceptional. We describe 2 cases of spondylodiscitis with epidural abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis, 1 after colonoscopy with biopsy and 1 in a cirrhotic patient. The clinical and imaging findings were not discriminant relative to other pyogenic spondylodiscitis. One should consider B. fragilis when treating a spondylodiscitis with epidural abscess, especially in patients with a possibly digestive portal of entry.

Abscess↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of a carbapenemase-producing clinical isolate of Bacteroides fragilis in Scandinavia: genetic analysis of a unique insertion sequence.

In 2003 a Bacteroides fragilis blood culture isolate (K2-28) was recovered from a 61-y-old male with severe general atherosclerosis during treatment with meropenem. K2-28 was shown to possess a functional metallo-beta-lactamase with a reduction in imipenem MIC from 256 to 3 mg/l in the presence of EDTA using the MBL E-test strip. PCR results were for positive for the cfiA gene. Analysis of the cfiA from K2-28 revealed it was 100% identical to previously described cfiA-1 genes. Analysis of the upstream region of cfiA revealed a novel insertion sequence (IS) element, being most similar (94% identity) to IS612 recently described from Japan designating the element within the IS4 family. The element possessed a perfect terminal inverted repeat sequence at the distal ends of the IS element and provided a putative promoter for transcription of the cfiA gene. The distance between the hybrid promoter and the cfiA start codon was 158 base pairs and inserted into a different DNA sequence upstream of cfiA to that previously reported. The -10 promoter region was most similar to that of IS613 (100%) and the -35 promoter region to IS612 (100%), demonstrating the plasticity of these genetic regions.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Cellular immunity to Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide.

The polysaccharide capsule of Bacteroides fragilis has been shown to be important in the virulence of the organism. The capsular polysaccharide (CP) of B. fragilis has been extensively purified. Using a murine model of intraabdominal abscess formation, we have been able to demonstrate cellular immunity to the capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis. Immunization of C57BL/10J mice with the CP over 5 wk prevents abscess formation when the mice are challenged with B. fragilis intraperitoneally. This immunity can be transferred to naive mice with spleen cells from immune animals. The immune cells bear Thy-1.2 and Ly-2.2 antigens. The immune response has been shown to be antigen specific, but not H-2 restricted. The possibility that these immune cells are suppressor T cells is discussed. The experimental system presented provides a model for the examination of the cellular interactions responsible for abscess formation and the cellular response to bacterial pathogens.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

Protection against experimental intraabdominal sepsis by two polysaccharide immunomodulators.

Two immunomodulating polysaccharides, poly-(1-6)-beta-glucotriosyl-(1-3)-beta-glucopyranose (PGG)-glucan and Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A (PS A), were evaluated for the prevention of mortality and abscess formation associated with experimental intraabdominal sepsis. Prophylactic treatment with a combination of these compounds significantly reduced mortality (8% vs. 44% in the saline-treated control group) and the incidence of abscesses (30% vs. 100% in the saline-treated control group) after challenge with rat cecal contents. These compounds were also effective when administered therapeutically after bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity. PS A treatment conferred long-term protection against abscess formation and resulted in significantly fewer total aerobes and anaerobes in the peritoneal fluid of animals challenged with cecal contents. These data demonstrate the usefulness of two immunomodulatory polysaccharides in preventing experimental intraabdominal sepsis in the absence of antimicrobial therapy and may represent a new adjunct to antibiotic regimens currently used to prevent clinical cases of this disease.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy controls.

Enterotoxigenic strains of Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) have been associated with diarrheal diseases in animals and humans. The enterotoxin of ETBF induces fluid changes in ligated intestinal segments and a cytotoxic response in HT29/C1 cells. An assay based on immunomagnetic-beads separation in combination with PCR was used to detect ETBF in fecal samples from patients with diarrhea and healthy Swedish adults. A total of 922 fecal samples were analyzed in this study, including 728 samples from patients with diarrhea and 194 samples from controls. ETBF was detected in 195 of 728 patients (26.8%) and 24 of 194 healthy controls (12.4%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<.01). ETBF was the only potential diarrheal agent in 91 (12.5%) of 728 patients. All ETBF-positive samples from patients and controls were also positive in the HT29/C1 assay. The data show high carriage of ETBF in Swedish adults, which might be associated with diarrheal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual infections associated with colorectal cancer.

Unusual infections associated with colorectal tumors may, in some instances, be the sole clue to the presence of a malignancy. The infections are either related to invasion of tissues or organs in close proximity to the tumor or secondary to distant seeding by transient bacteremia arising from necrotic tumors. Seven patients seen at one hospital over a 5-year period illustrate the clinical presentations of such infections. The infections identified in these seven patients include endocarditis, meningitis, nontraumatic gas gangrene, empyema, hepatic abscesses, retroperitoneal abscess, clostridial sepsis, and colovesical fistulae with urosepsis. A computer-assisted search of the English-language literature and cross-checks from other review articles identified other infections associated with colon cancer, which include nontraumatic crepitant cellulitis, suppurative thyroiditis, pericarditis, appendicitis, pulmonary microabscesses, septic arthritis, and fever of unknown origin. The clinical importance of these infections and their correlation with colorectal malignancies are reviewed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Variation in the susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates from six Chicago hospitals.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group from six hospitals in the Chicago area varied from one institution to another; this variation was similar to the geographic variation documented in a national survey. A total of 365 B. fragilis group isolates were tested against 10 antibiotics. Imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, and cefoperazone/sulbactam had excellent activity against all members of the B. fragilis group, with little interhospital variation. Cefoxitin and ceftizoxime had very good activity, also with little variation among hospitals. Clindamycin, cefotetan, and cefmetazole had the lowest level of activity, with unusually high-level resistance confined to three of the six hospitals. These data indicate that variation in the antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacteria is likely based in the hospital rather than in the geographic region and that the in vitro activity of certain antibiotics against B. fragilis group isolates from individual hospitals cannot be predicted from the data obtained in larger-scale surveys.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

Susceptibility patterns and resistance to imipenem in the Bacteroides fragilis group species in Japan: a 4-year study.

A study was undertaken in Japan to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of Bacteroides fragilis group species (849 strains) isolated from December 1986 through May 1991. All of the strains, which included B. fragilis (610 strains), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (201 strains), and Bacteroides distasonis (38 strains), were studied for susceptibility to imipenem and 16 other antimicrobial agents by an agar dilution method. Metronidazole was the most active agent; the minimal concentration for 90% inhibition (MIC90) was 0.78 micrograms/mL, and no isolate was noted to be resistant to it during the entire study period. Amongst the beta-lactam agents tested, imipenem was the most effective antimicrobial drug; the rate of resistance to this agent was only 3.3%. Cefoperazone/sulbactam (MIC90, 6.25 micrograms/mL) and cephamycins (MIC90, 25-50 micrograms/mL) were found to be more active against B. fragilis strains, whereas minocycline (MIC90, 6.25 micrograms/mL) showed better activity against B. thetaiotaomicron and B. distasonis strains. Increasing resistance to imipenem was observed in B. fragilis (2.0%-5.9%) and B. thetaiotaomicron (2.5%-6.1%) during the 4-year study period. Detailed investigation of beta-lactamases from imipenem-resistant strains demonstrated that, amongst them, six of the B. fragilis strains for which the MICs of imipenem were > or = 25 micrograms/mL were producing imipenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase.

Bacteroides↗