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PubMed2004

[Visual aptitude for automobile driving].

Visual function is crucial in driving and is one of the links which determine the medical aptitude to this activity. The ophthalmologist has important medical and moral responsibilities and has more than one mission in the determination of the aptitude to driving. The evaluation of the aptitude of the (future) driver is based on different legal criteria (Belgian Royal Orders dated on 23-03-1998 and 05-09-2002) whose requirements are in accordance with EC reglementation and are different according as the motor vehicles are used for private or professional purposes. Social and psychological consequences of driving incapacity may be important as far as the real impact of vision alterations on the incidence of motor vehicle crashes is still to be clearly determined. The knowledge of the repercussions of different diseases such as ametropia, age related effects, loss of vision in one eye, cataract, glaucomatous neuropathy, laser treatments,... on car driving can help the ophthalmologist to improve his judgment on the patient's real driving aptitude and the quality of his counselling if needed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[Catamnesis of psychiatrically evaluated automobile drivers].

The present catamnestic study covers 100 petitioners, who either applied for the first time for a driving licence or for readmission to traffic after confiscation of their license by the police. 99 of them were former inpatients or still inpatients at the time of judgement. For all of them, the decision of the police depended upon our expertise. For the judgement we considered our psychiatric investigation, the clinical report and the police traffic record. Normally, our mode of admission was quite generous. The duration of catamnesis lasted at least two years. Our of the 100 petitioners, 88 were considered to be fit for driving; 67 unconditionally and 21 under the condition of regular survey or treatment. Subsequently seven of the petitioners showed a poor probation, i.e. their licenses were taken away by the police, one due to a severe and two due to minor accidents. Nobody was injured. In comparison to the experience of other authors about probation in traffic of former psychiatric inpatients, we think we can report a favourable result. A rather generous mode of admission to traffic seems to be justified in these patients.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Empirical studies on the performance of elderly automobile drivers].

Before the year 2000 the number of elderly drivers (65 years and older) in the Federal Republic of Germany will probably double. Concerns about traffic safety predominate-under the broadly accepted assumption that the elderly drive less cautiously. The most important results of driving tests of elderly drivers (and a comparison group of middle-aged) and their relation to performance measures are presented. The results show that the elderly drivers performed worse in laboratory tests, but in driving tests (in a significant number of different traffic situations) they did not differ unfavourably from the middle-aged drivers.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the efficiency of the visual system in automobile drivers].

On the basis of results of the examinations performed in 545 persons one was aiming to establish the most frequently encountered abnormalities which are the cause of disqualifications in obtaining a professional or unprofessional driving licence. The licence obtained 386 persons and from that number 59.1 per cent professional and 40.9 unprofessional drivers. One hundred and fifty nine persons were refused a driving licence; 66.6 p.c. of this number were professional and 38.4 p.c. unprofessional drivers. The ground for disqualification referred to the presence of squint - 40.9 p.c., low visual acuity - 29.4 p.c., disturbances in color discrimination - 8.2 p.c., and three-dimensional vision - 4.4 p.c.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Fitness for automobile driving of physically handicapped patients].

Some 30.5 million Germans hold a driving license. For the person with a physical handicap, too, active traffic participation is of special importance, in that it constitutes an essential link in his rehabilitation. Road traffic authorities, in view of traffic safety, are held to consider both, the handicapped individual's interest in obtaining a license and society's claim to safety. Numerous studies have established the fact that disabled drivers, in particular those with impairment of the limbs, are neither more accident-prone nor otherwise more conspicious in road traffic than the non-disabled. The view that the driver with a physical disability poses particular risks, has been invalidated by extensive factual data and thorough literature review. Diseases of major relevance for driving ability are touched on, the range of adaptive equipment is exemplified. Physicians in accident surgery primarily have to deal with trauma to the spinal cord and limbs. The majority of these conditions permit good compensation by technical devices, enabling safe driving of a private car. Awareness of legal/administrative aspects of licensing, as well as of the adaptive potential of technical aids are of great importance to both physician and client.

Accidents, Traffic↗