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PubMed1991

Nature of plant stimulators in the production of Acetobacter xylinum ("tea fungus") biofilm used in skin therapy.

Caffeine and related xanthines were identified as potent stimulators for the bacterial cellulose production in A. xylinum. These compounds are present in several plants whose infusions are useful as culture-medium supplements for this acetobacterium. The proposed target for these native purine-like inhibitory substances is the novel diguanyl nucleotide phosphodiesterase(s) that participate(s) in the bacterial cellulogenic complex. A better understanding of this feature of A. xylinum physiology may facilitate the preparation of bacterial cellulose pellicles, which are applied as a biotechnological tool in the treatment of skin burns and other dermal injuries.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1997

Influence of substituent of direct dye having bisphenylenebis(azo) skeletal structure on structure of nascent cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum [I]: different influence of direct red 28, blue 1 and 15 on nascent structure.

The difference of influence of a certain kind of direct dye on the structure of nascent microbial cellulose was examined, with Direct Red 28 have a biphenylenebis(azo) skeletal structure; Direct Blue 1 having two hydroxyl, two methoxy and two sulfonate groups more than Direct Red 28; and Direct Blue 15 whose sulfonate groups position are different compared to Direct Blue 1. It became clear that the product in the presence of a direct dye (in particular, Direct Red 28) has the structure in which the dye molecule is included between the monolayer in the cellulose sheets corresponding to the (110) plane of microbial cellulose. On the other hand, the structure of the product in the presence of Direct Blue 1 and 15 contains conceived cellulose II structure which occurred due to be removal of dye during the rinsing process as a result of larger hydrophilicity than its affinity toward cellulose. Solid state 13C NMR and deuteration-IR measurements showed that the product in the presence of direct dye is in a noncrystalline state, although X-ray measurements indicated that they are in a crystalline state. These results support the inclusion of a dye between the (110) planes. Solid state 13C NMR and deuteration-IR reveal that the crystal structure of cellulose regenerated from the product in the presence of Direct Red 28 is similar to cellulose IVI, while that from each Direct Blue 1 and 15 product is cellulose II. The difference of the influence of the former and the latter on the nascent cellulose seemed to be caused mainly by the number of sulfonate groups, although the influence of hydroxyl and methoxy groups is not clear at present.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AFM observation of band-like cellulose assemblies produced by Acetobacter xylinum.

We succeeded in estimating the thickness of band-like cellulose assemblies by combined use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy. The thickness of "dense" band-like cellulose assemblies was estimated at 20-30 nm from their AFM height profiles, which was several times greater than that of "coarse" band-like and ribbonlike cellulose assemblies. On the basis of these results, the folded- chain model previously proposed was discussed, and a different organization of TC subunits was suggested for the "dense" band-like cellulose assembly.

Cellulose↗