Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “APES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparative study of the genomic organization of DNA repeats within the 5'-flanking region of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene (NRAMP1) between humans and great apes.

The human NRAMP1 gene located on Chromosome (Chr) region 2q35 is a candidate gene for increased risk of infection by several intracellular macrophage parasites, including M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. In search for a possible mutational hot spot, we have analyzed a 3.5-kb region 5' to NRAMP1 that is highly enriched for DNA repeat sequences. The repeat sequences could be grouped into one Mer element and six Alu elements, representing five Alu subfamilies, that had integrated in the same DNA region during successive rounds of Alu retropositional activity. Comparative sequence analysis of the Alu cluster region in humans, chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) revealed only modest sequence variability and failed to detect any evidence for genomic instability of the highly repetitive DNA region. These results show that sequence length variants in the Alu-flanking regions as well as nucleotide substitutions are the most common genomic variations even in a region of extreme Alu-clustering. Moreover, the high degree of sequence conservation among three primate species argues against the Alu cluster being the site of frequent genomic rearrangements or other frequent genetic events that might influence NRAMP1 expression.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Characterization of the human lineage-specific pericentric inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 1 from the homologous chromosomes of the great apes.

The human and chimpanzee genomes are distinguishable in terms of ten gross karyotypic differences including nine pericentric inversions and a chromosomal fusion. Seven of these large pericentric inversions are chimpanzee-specific whereas two of them, involving human chromosomes 1 and 18, were fixed in the human lineage after the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. We have performed detailed molecular and computational characterization of the breakpoint regions of the human-specific inversion of chromosome 1. FISH analysis and sequence comparisons together revealed that the pericentromeric region of HSA 1 contains numerous segmental duplications that display a high degree of sequence similarity between both chromosomal arms. Detailed analysis of these regions has allowed us to refine the p-arm breakpoint region to a 154.2 kb interval at 1p11.2 and the q-arm breakpoint region to a 562.6 kb interval at 1q21.1. Both breakpoint regions contain human-specific segmental duplications arranged in inverted orientation. We therefore propose that the pericentric inversion of HSA 1 was mediated by intra-chromosomal non-homologous recombination between these highly homologous segmental duplications that had themselves arisen only recently in the human lineage by duplicative transposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Scaling up the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans: is one ape equal to 33 million worms?

Although vastly different, both the mammalian brain and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans' nervous system must contribute critically to assure survival. Two quantitative conditions which place bounds on networks for connectedness and stability are tested on the published neural network of C. elegans and fit. Consideration of networks scaled up to mammalian size and confined between these bounds suggests that perhaps, the entire spectrum of brain size may be built between these bounds. Further consequences of increasing brain size relate to the trade-off between complexity, providing internal resistance to individual damage, and redundancy of population, as survival mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Humans, apes and monkeys: the changing neuropsychological viewpoint.

Four areas (cognitive capacity, cerebral lateralization, the structural basis of amnesia, and disorders of reaching with parietal lesions) are reviewed with respect to comparative differences between human and non-human primates in 1963 and two decades later. It is concluded that in all four areas the discontinuities very clearly evident in 1963 have either been resolved or have become blurred. It is argued that this trend was furthered by Hécaen's editorial policy for Neuropsychologia and that clinical neuropsychology and experimental (animal) neuropsychology can be expected to converge increasingly during the next 20 yr.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1994

Sequence divergence, polymorphism and evolution of the middle-wave and long-wave visual pigment genes of great apes and Old World monkeys.

In man, the spectral shift between the middle-wave (MW) and long-wave (LW) visual pigments is largely achieved by amino acid substitution at two codons, both located in exon 5. A third amino acid site coded by exon 3 is polymorphic between pigments. We have studied the equivalent regions of the cone opsin genes in two members of the Hominidea (the gorilla, Gorilla gorilla and the chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes) and in three members of the Cercopithecoidea family of Old World primates (the diana monkey, Cercopithecus diana, the talapoin monkey, Miopithecus talapoin, and the crab-eating macaque, Macaca fascicularis). No variation in the codons that specify the amino acids involved in spectral tuning were found. We predict therefore that the MW and LW pigments of gorilla and chimpanzee have similar spectral characteristics to those of man. Multiple copies of the same opsin gene sequence were identified in the chimpanzee, talapoin and macaque and we also show that non-human Old World primates are similar to man in showing a bunching of polymorphic sites in exon 3. We discuss the ancestry of the separate MW and LW genes of Old World primates and the equivalent polymorphic gene of the marmoset, a New World primate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Visual evoked potentials in the great apes.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to flash stimuli were recorded from occipital and central-scalp electrodes in the chimpanzee and gorilla. The most notable occipital component of the VEP was a surface-positive wave (P90), the latency of which decreased with development. Central scalp responses, apparent only in older animals, included a characteristic long-latency 'vertex wave' (N125-P225). Observed responses are similar to those reported for humans and monkeys, but appear to share more specific features of human VEPs.

Animals↗