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PubMed2006

What is submitted and what gets accepted in Indian Pediatrics: analysis of submissions, review process, decision making, and criteria for rejection.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the characteristics of the manuscripts submitted to the Indian Pediatrics; attributes of the peer-review process and decision-making; and factors associated with their acceptance or rejection. METHODS: All submissions to Indian Pediatrics during 2002 were analyzed by a retrospective review of records. Manuscripts were categorized by their place of origin (Indian vs. foreign), geographic region of India (north, south, east, west, central), submitting institution (teaching vs. non-teaching), subject (general pediatrics, systemic pediatrics, neonatology, genetic syndrome, allied sub-specialities, etc.), and type of article (research paper, case report, images, letter to editor, review, etc.). Manuscript details were recorded in a database that also included information on peer reviewer assignment, editorial and reviewer comments, and final disposition of the manuscript. Characteristics of accepted and rejected manuscripts were compared. RESULTS: Indian Pediatrics received 687 manuscripts for consideration in the year 2002; mostly from Indian authors (89%). Maximum contributions were received from North India (236, 39%) followed by 165 (27%) from South, 95 (16%) from West, 90 (15%) from Central and 26 (4%) from Eastern part of India. Of 687 papers, 457 (66%) articles qualified for peer review. Agreement between the reviewers was not significantly greater than that expected by chance; kappa for inter-rater agreement was 0.35, 0.17 and 0.21 between any two sets of reviewers for 431, 228 and 203 articles, respectively (P < 0.005). Of 687 submitted manuscripts, 294(43%) were accepted, 347(50%) were rejected and no decision was possible on 46(7%) manuscripts. The top reasons for rejection were 'absence of a message', 'lack of originality', 'inadequate methods', 'not relevant to journal', 'over-interpretation of results', 'unsatisfactory writing style', 'inaccurate/inconsistent/insufficient data', and 'inappropriate statistical analysis', in that order. Median number of days (IQR) needed to reach the final decision was 81 (25-210) d; ranging from 8 (3-29.5) d for Images to 180 (90-341) d for Research papers. No preference for acceptance was noted for foreign articles, geographic region of India, type of institution, or a particular topic, on both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Indian Pediatrics is receiving contributions from all over India. Majority of the manuscripts are peer-reviewed. Of every 10 articles submitted, almost 4 are accepted. Median time interval from submission to final decision is less than 3 months. The decision-making is not influenced by the place of origin of manuscript.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2006

Modeling end-users' acceptance of a knowledge authoring tool.

OBJECTIVES: Knowledge bases comprise a vital component in the classic medical expert system model, yet the knowledge acquisition process by which they are created has been characterized as highly iterative and labor-intensive. The difficulty of this process underscores the importance of knowledge authoring tools that satisfy the demands of end-users. The authors hypothesize that the acceptability of a knowledge authoring tool for the creation of medical knowledge base content can be predicted by an accepted model in the information technology (IT) field, specifically the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). METHODS: An online survey was conducted amongst knowledge base authors who had previously established experience with the authoring tool software. The Likert-based questions in the survey were patterned directly after accepted TAM constructs with minor modifications to particularize them to the software being used. The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The TAM performed well in predicting endusers' behavioral intentions to use the knowledge authoring tool. Five out of seven goodness-of-fit statistics indicate that the model represents the behavioral intentions of the authors well. All but one of the hypothesized relationships specified by the TAM were significant with p values less than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The TAM provides an adequate means by which development teams can anticipate and better understand what aspects of a knowledge authoring tool are most important to their target audience. Further research involving other behavioral models and an expanded user base will be necessary to better understand the scope of issues that factor into acceptability.

Attitude↗
PubMed1990

Acceptability of behavioral interventions for self-injurious behavior: replication and interinstitutional comparison.

Using a case description methodology, Tarnowski, Rasnake, Mulick, and Kelly (1989) examined the effects of behavior problem severity and intervention type on staff ratings of six behavioral interventions used to treat self-injurious behavior (SIB). Results indicated that accelerative interventions were judged more acceptable than reductive treatments, and acceptability of treatments varied as a function of SIB severity. We hypothesized that judgments of treatment acceptability might vary as a function of specific institutional characteristics and conducted a replication of the previous study in a setting where the institutional treatment philosophy was explicitly behavioral. Results indicated that (a) accelerative interventions were preferred to reductive treatments, (b) acceptability ratings were not significantly influenced by SIB severity, and (c) interventions were generally found to be more acceptable by staff working in a behavioral treatment milieu.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of acceptance or rejection on the author's evaluation of peer review of medical manuscripts.

To determine whether authors of rejected manuscripts would evaluate the editorial review process less favorably than would authors of manuscripts accepted for publication, a questionnaire was sent to solicit evaluations of the quality of the reviews that had led to the rejection or acceptance of manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Pediatrics. Similar evaluations of the editor's letter were also sought. Authors were more likely to respond to the questionnaire if their manuscripts had been accepted and were more likely to complete the questionnaire thoroughly. Authors of accepted manuscripts evaluated the editor's communication more favorably than did the authors of manuscripts not accepted for publication, but the evaluations of the reviews were not significantly different. Most authors utilized the reviews to modify their manuscripts before submitting them to another journal.

Authorship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facial profile-esthetics and acceptance.

The human face influences and moulds one's personality and behaviour. The facial profile has become an important field of investigation by sculptors, artists, physiotherapists, orthodontists and maxillo-facial surgeons. The present study was conducted to understand the facial profile acceptance of 55 girls from silhouettee photographs judged by 3 orthodontists, 3 artists and 3 common men. To find out who appreciates the profile change the most, the chi-square test was applied to distribution of 3 professionally different groups for various occlusal categories. It was found that common bases for judging the profile do exist amongst the professionally different groups, however the public is more astute analyst of the face. Two profiles which got all acceptable votes were associated with malocclusion. Attempts were made to find out which areas on the facial outline alter the most between the acceptable and non-acceptable groups. It was concluded that the lip outline and the chin are chiefly responsible for profile acceptance while the nose alone, of its own, does not play important role. The only way by which the nose affects the facial profile is its relative position as compared to the position of the chin. Thus if the lip posture and the chin position can be corrected, a poor facial profile may be converted into a good and pleasing one.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Factors associated with the acceptance of sugar and sugar substitutes by the public.

Acceptance is described in both market and sensory research terminology and recent developments in the fields of applied psychology and physiology are examined for their pertinence to public acceptance of sucrose and its substitutes. Information on the function of sucrose in foods other than beverages is presented with emphasis on salivation as an acceptance factor and attention is drawn to its possible dental significance. Distinctions are made between the sweetening and bulking properties of sucrose and sugar substitutes. Factors having a bearing on the acceptance of sweet foods and the determination of their optimal sugar content are described in detail. While major decreases in sucrose intake in the US resulted from high-fructose corn-sweetener usage in soft drinks, no evidence is yet available to suggest that the use of sugar substitutes of the intense artificial sweetener type has caused any decrease in ordinary sugar consumption. Neither is the consumption of polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol) high enough in confectionery categories to cause any discernible decrease in sugar usage. The evidence suggests not so much that sugar substitutes may have stopped the growth in sucrose usage, but that new product categories such as diet foods and "sugarless' confections may have been created. These categories were never available to fermentable carbohydrate sweeteners and equivalence in acceptance to sucrose-sweetened products was not an important factor in their growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Drug consumption in diabetes mellitus (V). Pharmacoeconomics and the acceptance of the hospital changeover to insulin U100. Group for the Study of Diabetes in Tarragona].

BACKGROUND: The U100 insulin (100 units [U]/ml) in only used in a minority of Spanish hospitals and is not ordinarily evaluated. To study the convenience of converting from U40 (40 U/ml) to U100 insulin in a first level hospital, the procedure, costs and professional acceptance were analyzed after one year of experience. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The chronology and the transfer method are described making an interannual pharmacoeconomical comparison of costs U40/U100 based on insulin intake and injection material. The primary source of information was the computerized base of admission, pharmacy and supply. The secondary source included the obligatory registries of daily medicine sheets. Nursing staff acceptance of the new system (preloaded U100 syringes) was analyzed with a predesigned quantitative scale questionnaire. RESULTS: In the U40 phase, 69,600 U and 8,260 syringes were used to satisfy 136 diabetics at a mean prescription of 21 U/day for 10.9 days. In the U100 phase, 92,100 U and 1,682 syringes were used for 132 admissions with a mean dose of 20 U during 8.6 days. The insulin prescribed and injected was 45.5% and 24.7%, respectively with the consumption of non injected insulin in the center being 20.8%. On taking only the fraction injected into consideration, the mean daily cost per complete treatment was lower in U100 (116/84 and 1,368/809 pesetas; p < 0.0001) representing 0.53% (U40) and 0.36% (U100) of hospital stay costs. The total cost increased by 44 ptas./patient/day during the first year of conversion. Each section of the 67 questionnaires evaluated scored from 4 (greatest acceptance) to 20 (lowest acceptance). The general mean was 6.8 +/- 1.6 with no significant differences between the section of management/manipulation of U100 devices (6.7 +/- 2.1), learning and protocol (7.3 +/- 2.6) and patient education (6.5 +/- 1.8; p = 0.07, NS). CONCLUSIONS: Current hospital conversion to U100 insulin requires the use of mechanized injection systems which represent a slight extra cost of scarce social relevance and are greatly accepted by users if adequate transfer procedures are applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Acceptability and usage patterns of an image analysis workstation.

Critical to the successful deployment and use of new computer systems is the acceptance of the system by the users, i.e., the clinicians. We describe a study which evaluated, in an experimental setting, the potential acceptability of an image analysis workstation for radiation therapy. The acceptability and usage patterns were measured using semi-structured questionnaires and maintaining logs of user interactions. The results of the study showed that the radiation oncologists, who were the subjects for the study, perceived the workstation as acceptable. The results also suggested several areas for improvement of workstation that could increase its acceptance in the clinical setting.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Heavy metal, religiosity, and suicide acceptability.

There has been little work at the national level on the subject of musical subcultures and suicide acceptability. The present work explores the link between "heavy metal" rock fanship and suicide acceptability. Metal fanship is thought to elevate suicide acceptability through such means as exposure to a culture of personal and societal chaos marked by hopelessness, and through its associations with demographic risk factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, and education. Data are taken from the General Social Survey. A link between heavy metal fanship and suicide acceptability is found. However, this relationship becomes nonsignificant once level of religiosity is controlled. Metal fans are low in religiosity, which contributes, in turn, to greater suicide acceptability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of patient counseling on acceptance of the levonorgestrel implant contraceptive in the United Kingdom.

Patient counseling is an important aspect of family planning. Patient choice, compliance, and satisfaction with a contraceptive method depend heavily on the counseling experience. This is especially true in the United Kingdom where contraceptives are provided to patients at no direct cost to them. Women are therefore more likely to choose a contraceptive option based on perceived desirability as opposed to cost. We surveyed physicians from six family planning centers in the United Kingdom who have extensive experience with levonorgestrel contraceptive implants with respect to counseling issues and patient acceptability of levonorgestrel implants. The physicians reported on their experience with 521 women. They acknowledged the need for and importance of counseling, and these centers provided preinsertion counseling 100% of the time. Primary responsibility for counseling was handled by the physician who spent, on average, 19 minutes per patient discussing the advantages and risks of levonorgestrel implants. Physicians felt that the majority of women (82%) accepting levonorgestrel implants had a positive experience. The incidence of bleeding irregularities was consistent with that reported in clinical trials, and this did not substantially affect the postinsertion acceptability of the product. Effective counseling is no doubt responsible for the high level of patient acceptance of these side effects. In a review of the literature, we found counseling to be a significant factor in a woman's tolerance of contraceptive-induced bleeding irregularities, which are frequently experienced with levonorgestrel implants. The results of our survey support the literature findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Acceptability of voluntary HIV testing with counselling in a rural village in Kagera, Tanzania.

A pilot study on acceptability of voluntary HIV testing with counselling was performed in a rural village in Kagera, Tanzania as a potential intervention against HIV transmission. Village residents were prepared by their leaders and subsequently invited to health education group meetings to volunteer for the test. Consenting individuals were interviewed to determine awareness and acceptance of the offer followed by pre-test counselling and taking of a blood sample for subsequent HIV testing. Two months later, the results of the test were returned with post-test counselling coupled with a short interview of a random sample of adults in the village. Of the 245 adults responding to the call, 137 (55.9%) subsequently volunteered. The main reason for volunteering was to know the HIV status (96%). Among those who were aware of the offer, the main reason for not volunteering was that they felt unlikely to catch AIDS, implying that they had a false perception of being at low risk. In this study a significant proportion were willing to volunteer for the HIV test and to receive the results, indicating a moderate level of acceptability. The results also indicate the need for developing innovative ways of enhancing acceptability of voluntary HIV testing with counselling. However, the relationship between knowledge of HIV status and behavioural change is complex and therefore several potential mechanisms may exist by which HIV testing in combination with counselling can influence behaviour. For this reason, people should be given the choice of knowing their HIV status since it may constitute a potential mechanism for influencing behaviour towards reduction of HIV transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acceptability of a novel vaginal microbicide during a safety trial among low-risk women.

CONTEXT: The increasing recognition that women who are unable or unwilling to discuss or use condoms with their sexual partners need female-controlled methods for preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, has led to considerable focus on the development of vaginal microbicides. While many such products are being tested for safety and effectiveness, clinical trials generally overlook another key factor in a product's impact on infection rates-its acceptability to users. METHODS: A Phase I clinical trial of a microbicidal gel included an assessment of the product's acceptability among 27 low-risk participants. Information on acceptability was gathered from structured interviews, participants' daily diaries and unstructured exit interviews. RESULTS: Participants reported only minor side effects of product use, such as itching, burning and difficulty urinating; two women developed candida infections while participating in the study. None of the side effects could be conclusively linked to use of the gel. Some women noted product discharge and messiness as drawbacks of the method, but this experience varied according to how often the women applied the gel. For example, one-third of those who used it once daily said that at least some of the time, it was too "wet or drippy," compared with two-thirds of women who inserted the gel twice a day. However, participants considered these "nuisance factors" that could be outweighed by the potential protective characteristics of the product. The majority reported that they would use the product if it were available and proven efficacious, and if they perceived that they were at risk of STD infection. CONCLUSIONS: Additional testing of this product is urgently needed. Furthermore, as other products approach Phase I testing, acceptability assessments should be a key component of clinical trials.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acceptability and feasibility of early pregnancy termination by mifepristone-misoprostol. Results of a large multicenter trial in the United States. Mifepristone Clinical Trials Group.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the regimen of oral mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is acceptable to women and providers, in the United States, including physicians, nurses, and counselors, and whether proposed modifications of this regimen appear feasible for clinical practice. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: Seventeen clinics in 15 states. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2121 women with pregnancies of 63 days or less in duration. INTERVENTIONS: The administration of mifepristone, 600 mg, orally, followed after 2 days by the administration of misoprostol, 400 micrograms, orally. Clinical observation for 4 hours followed misoprostol administration. Two weeks later, at a checkup, women were questioned about the abortion experience. Providers also answered questions about acceptability and feasibility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient reports of overall satisfaction with the abortion, the number of women who would choose medical abortion again if needed or recommend the method to others, the best and worst features of the method, and provider and patient assessments of home use. RESULTS: The regimen was highly acceptable. Nearly all women (95.7%) would recommend it to others, 91.2% would choose it again, and 87.6% found it very or moderately satisfactory. Even among women for whom the method failed, 69.6% would try it again, 84.9% would recommend it to others, and 51.9% found it very or moderately satisfactory. The chance to avoid a surgical procedure was reported as the method's best feature. The most commonly cited worst features were the uncertainty and fear of side effects. Providers and women considered home use feasible and safe. CONCLUSIONS: American women found abortion with the use of mifepristone and misoprostol acceptable. Even most with unsuccessful outcomes would select the regimen again and recommend it to others. Most providers and women thought that home use of misoprostol should be available for women who prefer it.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed2004

Acceptance of tamoxifen chemoprevention by physicians and women at risk.

BACKGROUND: In the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) P-1 trial, tamoxifen was shown to reduce breast carcinoma risk by 49% in high-risk women. The purpose of the current study was to identify factors associated with being offered, and accepting, tamoxifen chemoprevention. METHODS: The records of 219 women who sought risk evaluation after the publication of the NSABP P-1 trial between September 1998 and October 2002 were reviewed. Risk was calculated using the model of either Gail et al. or Claus et al. The impact of individual risk factors on the offering and acceptance of tamoxifen was compared using the Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Tamoxifen was offered to 137 women (63%) in the current study. The magnitude of Gail risk, age, menopausal status, hysterectomy, and history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia (AH) were all found to be significant predictors of a patient being offered tamoxifen. On multivariate analysis, only a history of AH or LCIS and hysterectomy were found to be significant, with odds ratios of 20.3 and 3.4, respectively. Fifty-seven of the women who were offered tamoxifen (42%) took the drug. Only a history of LCIS or AH and older age were found to be predictive of tamoxifen acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, risk due to AH or LCIS was found to be the main predictor of being offered and accepting tamoxifen chemoprevention.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acceptability and efficacy of two associations of paracetamol with a central analgesic (dextropropoxyphene or codeine): comparison in osteoarthritis.

A double-blind randomized parallel group trial was undertaken to compare the acceptability and efficacy of 2 forms of analgesic treatment, DI-Antalvic (Houde Laboratories, Puteaux, France) (30 mg dextropropoxyphene and 400 mg paracetamol per capsule) and Efferalgan-Codeine (UPSA Laboratories, Rueil Malmaison, France) (30 mg codeine and 500 mg paracetamol per tablet) prescribed for 1 week at doses of 6 capsules/day and 6 tablets/day, respectively, in 141 outpatients with active osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. The principal aim of the trial was concerned with acceptability, with efficacy as its secondary aim. The principal trial criterion was defined as overall assessment of acceptability by the patient at the end of the trial (success or failure) or by treatment dropouts because of an adverse effect (failure). Comparability of the groups was confirmed before any treatment regarding the physical characteristics of the patients, characteristics of osteoarthritis, and the initial level of pain and functional consequences of pain. Results show that the analgesic efficacy of the treatment was similar, but that the acceptability of Efferalgan-Codeine was significantly worse than that of DI-Antalvic: 53% failure with Efferalgan-Codeine versus 29% failure with DI-Antalvic (P = .005). Other trials of the same type would seem necessary (comparison of lower doses, other types of pain) before being able to generally extrapolate such findings.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1978

Hospital counseling in Khartoum: a study of factors affecting contraceptive acceptance after abortion.

This study examines the impact of contraceptive counseling on 3 263 women hospitalized in Khartoum for treatment of incomplete abortion. The analysis which focused on education and parity/child desire, revealed that the counseling program produced contraceptive acceptance among 47.0% of those followed up. In spite of the counseling efforts, half of the women in this study did not accept contraception following the abortion-regardless of education or parity/child desire. It is difficult to determine why 50% of those who had recently undergone an incomplete abortion were willing to put themselves at risk again. Apparently, future efforts to increase the impact of counseling programs must also examine patients' motivation to accept (or not to accept) contraception.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed2006

Acceptability of programs for the prevention of eating disorders.

Researchers can overcome difficulties with recruitment and implementation encountered by previous eating disorder prevention efforts by understanding targeted groups' opinions about such programs. Treatment acceptability methodology provides a framework to examine the social validity of interventions. Using this methodology, the acceptability of programs was examined with an often-targeted group. The study also assessed opinions of this group about the importance of prevention and methods of implementation. Male and female undergraduates (N = 347) rated the acceptability of sample programs. Results indicated that programs focused on information about eating disorders and their consequences were rated most acceptable. Participants felt programs should be offered to adolescents, within the school system, but ratings of the importance of eating disorder prevention were somewhat disappointing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza vaccination of health care workers: evaluation of factors that are important in acceptance.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the associations between putative occupational and epidemiologic determinants and influenza vaccine acceptance among health care workers during two consecutive seasons. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression models were developed to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance during 1991-1992, then validated in the subsequent year. A combined repeated-measures regression model using generalized estimating equations was fit to examine workers' vaccine acceptance over the 2-year period. RESULTS: Nearly one-third of hospital employees received influenza vaccine each year [2,364 of 7,320 (32%) in 1991-1992 vs 2,679 of 8,632 (31%) in 1992-1993]. Independent predictors among nurse clinicians included older age, higher salary, longer employment, and minimal absenteeism. Female sex, marriage, higher salary, and employment duration were independent predictors for professional support staff. Older age was the only independent predictor among nonprofessional staff. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that older individuals, those with higher socioeconomic status, and those employed longer are more likely to accept the influenza vaccine. Sex, marital status, and prior work absenteeism are also important predictors in specific groups of health care workers.

Adult↗