Re: Tench et al. An insight into rheumatology resources available on the World Wide Web.
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In today's health care environment, the focus has shifted to quality in every aspect of patient care, with this emphasis coming from patients, employers, insurance companies, and regulatory and accreditation agencies. Developing a performance improvement (PI) program to document quality of care can promote a safe environment and improve patient outcomes. There are helpful resources such as the Web, books, magazines, and continuing education resources that can provide structure and guide in the development of the PI program.
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In addition to maintaining the GenBank(R) nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data made available through NCBI's Web site. NCBI resources include Entrez, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), LocusLink, the NCBITaxonomy Browser, BLAST, BLAST Link (BLink), Electronic PCR (e-PCR), Open Reading Frame (ORF) Finder, References Sequence (RefSeq), UniGene, HomoloGene, ProtEST, Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP), Human/Mouse Homology Map, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP), Entrez Genomes and related tools, the Map Viewer, Model Maker (MM), Evidence Viewer (EV), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, SAGEmap, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB), the Conserved Domain Database (CDD), and the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool (CDART). Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
A wide range of cancer information resources is available to patients and their relatives, who are increasingly acting as independent learners. In order to examine preferences for different types of information and to establish the appropriateness of providing a Web-based cancer information resource (CancerHelp UK) a questionnaire survey was undertaken. Of 258 questionnaires distributed to patients attending for oncology outpatient or general practice appointments, 205 (80%) were suitable for analysis. 74% (95% confidence interval 68% to 80%) of participants wanted as much information as possible. All participants cited people most frequently as a future source of cancer information. All participants frequently cited television as a source of both general and cancer-specific information. Despite a lack of computer experience patients were significantly more likely than other groups to say that they would like to use the Web-based resource. It is suggested that such resources are likely to be increasingly well used, particularly by cancer patients, given the growth in health information on the Web and developments in delivery of digital information into the home via television.
Searching the World Wide Web for information on medical mycology can be challenging. We provide the reader with an organized overview of the available resources on the Internet, including authoritative sites from academic institutions, professional societies, government agencies, and personal sites. This article reviews clinically relevant Internet resource directories, comprehensive sites of interest to clinicians, clinical trials in medical mycology, clinically relevant Web sites devoted to specific fungal pathogens and their infections, genomic resources in medical mycology, culture collections, images of fungi on the World Wide Web, medical mycology lecture and teaching materials, environmental health and safety information, and a listing of Web sites of medical mycology professional societies.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: New technologies and widespread Internet access make Web-based education feasible for family medicine predoctoral programs. Offering educational activities and resources through the Web can support community-based education and improve communication. We assessed the status of Web-based education nationally and explored the interest and opportunities for collaboration. METHODS: A survey assessed the inclusion of Web-based educational methods in family medicine predoctoral programs and school-wide programs, the level of national interest in collaborative development, and common obstacles to progress. The survey was mailed to all US family medicine predoctoral directors. RESULTS: The response rate was 61%. Results showed nearly universal use of e-mail and Web pages. The most common educational use of the Internet was posting text information. One third of the responding programs used the Web for evaluation. Barriers to development of Web-based educational programs are faculty time and funding. Most respondents were interested in collaborative Web development and would value a national, Society of Teachers of Family Medicine-based network for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based educational activities are commonly offered by family medicine programs. To realize the full potential of Web-based education, collaborative development of new methods and materials will be needed to overcome the limiting factors of faculty time and funding.
PURPOSE: Based on the results of an informal needs assessment, the Usage of Online Information Resources by Nurses Project was designed to provide clinical nurses with accurate medical information at the point of care by introducing them to existing online library resources through instructional classes. Actual usage of the resources was then monitored for a set period of time. METHODS: A two-hour hands-on class was developed for interested nurses. Participants were instructed in the content and use of several different online resources. A special Web page was designed for this project serving as an access point to the resources. Using a password system and WebTrends trade mark software, individual participant's usage of the resources was monitored for a thirty-day period following the class. At the end of the thirty days, usage results were tabulated, and participants were sent general evaluation forms. RESULTS: Eight participants accessed the project page thirty-nine times in a thirty-day period. The most accessed resource was Primary Care Online (PCO), accessed thirty-three times. PCO was followed by MD Consult (17), Ovid (8), NLM resources (5), and electronic journals (1). The individual with the highest usage accessed the project page thirteen times. CONCLUSIONS: Practicing clinical nurses will use online medical information resources if they are first introduced to them and taught how to access and use them. Health sciences librarians can play an important role in providing instruction to this often overlooked population.
Community structure is controlled, among multiple factors, by competition and predation. Using the R* rule and graphical analysis, we analyse here the feasibility, stability and assembly rules of resource-based food webs with up to three trophic levels. In particular, we show that (1) the stability of a food web with two plants and two generalist herbivores does not require that plants' resource exploitation abilities trade-off with resistance to the two herbivores, and (2) food webs with two plants and either one generalist herbivore and a carnivore or two generalist herbivores and two generalist carnivores are not feasible because of cascade competition between top consumers. The relative strength of species interactions and the relative impacts of plants and herbivores on factors which control their growth also play a critical role. We discuss how community structure constrains assembly rules and yields cascades of extinctions in food webs.
The World Wide Web has the potential to change significantly how medical care is both delivered and consumed. This, the third of a five-part series on The Web, Communication Trends, and Children's Health, considers how families can use the Internet to find consumer health information and to access care. This article also discusses some of the potential and limitations of Web-based health resources. Part 1 of this series described the development and technology of the Internet and the Web. Part 2 suggested how pediatricians can use the Web to gather medical information and how the increasing capabilities of the Web may affect clinical practice.
The Internet is a global network which link millions of people via the information highway. The internet use for dentistry is growing rapidly. This has been accelerated by the use of many browsers. There has been a very rapid increase in the number of media resources and the quality of information over the internet has improved. Many universities, institutions and dental suppliers are establishing web pages. The resources is getting vast and in this paper, we explore the usefulness of the internet. This paper serve as a guide to the oral surgery, oral pathology and oral medicine resources and forums available on the information highway.
Since the advent of the draft human genome sequence there has been growing interest in transcriptome analysis based on genomic data. The Gene Resource Locator (GRL) assembles gene maps that include information on gene-expression patterns, cis-elements in regulatory regions and alternatively spliced transcripts. The database was constructed using customized software, and currently contains 2.2 million alignments (exon-intron structures). The alignments have been annotated and integrated into a system that encompasses approximately 90 000 EST loci sharing common exons, 8091 alternatively spliced transcript groups, 10 801 expression-profile groups, 8066 candidate regulatory regions in full-length cDNAs, and 1 million SNP loci. We have used Flash technology to build a dynamic web viewer that facilitates browsing through the millions of alignments. All of the information is available through the World Wide Web at the Gene Resource Locator web site (http://grl.gi.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp).
CONTEXT: Surveys have shown that 60 million persons in the United States searched for health information online in 1998. However, lack of sampling from a clinic population limits the generalizability of these surveys to clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To determine gastroenterology patients' access to and use of the Web as a medical information resource, to identify for what information patients search, and to determine how often physicians recommend that patients search the Web. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey of 1006 gastroenterology outpatients in Durham, NC, and Rockford, Ill, conducted in August 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient characteristics and education level, access to the Web, use of the Web as a medical information resource, search methods, and plans for future Web use. RESULTS: A total of 924 patients (92%) completed the questionnaire. Median age was 53 years, 41% were men, and the median education level was having completed some college. Fifty percent (462/924) reported having access to the Web. Of the 462 with access, 235 (51%) had searched the Web for medical information within the previous 12 months. Therefore, 25.5% of all patients surveyed had searched the Web for medical information within the previous year. Sixty percent of patients intended to use the Web as a medical information resource in the future. Only 35 (4%) of 825 had ever been referred to the Web by a physician. CONCLUSIONS: In this clinic setting, more than one quarter of gastroenterology outpatients reported having obtained medical information from the Web within the previous year. More than two thirds of patients stated they would use the Web as a medical information resource in the future. JAMA. 2000;284:1962-1964.
Scholars are increasingly citing electronic "web references" which are not preserved in libraries or full text archives. WebCite is a new standard for citing web references. To "webcite" a document involves archiving the cited Web page through www.webcitation.org and citing the WebCite permalink instead of (or in addition to) the unstable live Web page. This journal has amended its "instructions for authors" accordingly, asking authors to archive cited Web pages before submitting a manuscript. Almost 200 other journals are already using the system. We discuss the rationale for WebCite, its technology, and how scholars, editors, and publishers can benefit from the service. Citing scholars initiate an archiving process of all cited Web references, ideally before they submit a manuscript. Authors of online documents and websites which are expected to be cited by others can ensure that their work is permanently available by creating an archived copy using WebCite and providing the citation information including the WebCite link on their Web document(s). Editors should ask their authors to cache all cited Web addresses (Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs) "prospectively" before submitting their manuscripts to their journal. Editors and publishers should also instruct their copyeditors to cache cited Web material if the author has not done so already. Finally, WebCite can process publisher submitted "citing articles" (submitted for example as eXtensible Markup Language [XML] documents) to automatically archive all cited Web pages shortly before or on publication. Finally, WebCite can act as a focussed crawler, caching retrospectively references of already published articles. Copyright issues are addressed by honouring respective Internet standards (robot exclusion files, no-cache and no-archive tags). Long-term preservation is ensured by agreements with libraries and digital preservation organizations. The resulting WebCite Index may also have applications for research assessment exercises, being able to measure the impact of Web services and published Web documents through access and Web citation metrics.
The Cochrane Library is a tool for physicians and other health care practitioners seeking evidence to inform their decisions. The systematic reviews provide a high-quality synthesis of the current literature, saving time for busy people. To make the library more user-friendly, the collaboration plans to produce a consumer summary for each topic in the Database of Systematic Reviews and a cancer library aimed at the general public. In contrast to some of the questionable health-related resources on the Web, the Cochrane Library is an authoritative reference that can help physicians with everyday treatment decisions. The collaboration's commitment to keeping its resources up to date through vigorous support of reviewers should ensure that it remains a valuable Internet tool for physicians.