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PubMedDate not supplied

Circulatory disturbances in the throwing hand of baseball pitchers.

Three cases of circulatory disturbance with ulcer formation in the pitching hand of baseball pitchers are reported. The pathophysiology was of an entirely new entity. In one case, the neurovascular bundles of the middle finger were entrapped by the proximal edges of Cleland's ligaments. In the other two cases, the blood vessels to the index and middle fingers were compressed within the lumbrical canal. Hypertrophy of the lumbrical muscles and/or thickening of the palmar aponeurosis were responsible for the compression of the vessels. Surgical release of Cleland's ligaments or palmar aponeurosis, including superficial transverse fiber and vertical septa, resulted in good recovery of the circulation of the involved fingers. All of the pitchers returned to professional or college league baseball without recurrence of the ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

"How can we stay healthy when you're throwing all of this in front of us?" Findings from focus groups and interviews in middle schools on environmental influences on nutrition and physical activity.

This study aimed to identify factors in school physical and social environments that may facilitate or compete with programs and policies to improve student physical activity and nutrition. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with students, faculty, and staff of two public middle schools. Participants identified numerous aspects of the school environments as significant. Competition, teasing and bullying, time, and safety were described as major barriers for students to be physically active during physical education class, on sports teams, and before and after school. The quality of the food served, easy access to nonnutritious snacks, limited time for lunch period, and weight concerns emerged as significant reasons why students do not eat nutritious meals in school. When developing programs and policies to improve the health of students, environmental influences that undermine efforts to improve student health behaviors must be addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Throwing the dice for the diagnosis of vaginal complaints?

BACKGROUND: Vaginitis is among the most common conditions women are seeking medical care for. Although these infections can easily be treated, the relapse rate is high. This may be due to inadequate use of the diagnostic potential. METHODS: We evaluated the misjudgement rate of the aetiology of vaginal complaints. A total of 220 vaginal samples from women with a vaginal complaint were obtained and analysed for numbers of total lactobacilli, H2O2-producing lactobacilli, total aerobic cell counts and total anaerobic cell counts including bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp. Additionally, the presence of Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis was evaluated by DNA-hybridisation using the PCR and Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test, respectively. RESULTS: The participating physicians diagnosed Bacterial vaginosis (BV) as origin of discomfort in 80 cases, candidiasis in 109 cases and mixed infections in 8 cases. However, a present BV, defined as lack of H2O2-lactobacilli, presence of marker organisms, such as G. vaginalis, Bacteroides spp. or Atopobium vaginae, and an elevated pH were identified in only 45 cases of the women examined. Candida spp. were detected in 46 cases. Interestingly, an elevated pH corresponded solely to the presence of Atopobium vaginae, which was detected in 11 cases. CONCLUSION: Errors in the diagnosis of BV and candida vulvovaginitis (CV) were high. Interestingly, the cases of misjudgement of CV (77%) were more numerous than that of BV (61%). The use of Amsel criteria or microscopy did not reduce the number of misinterpretations. The study reveals that the misdiagnosis of vaginal complaints is rather high.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2005

"My two-week-old daughter is throwing up blood".

Swallowed maternal blood at the time of delivery or from cracked nipples during breastfeeding is the most common cause of suspected gastrointestinal bleeding in the neonate. In this case, the Apt-Downey test is a useful diagnostic tool. The Apt-Downey test can effectively differentiate neonatal from maternal hemoglobin based on the conversion of oxyhemoglobin to alkaline globin hematin when mixed with alkali.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A note on measurement issues in type A research: let's not throw out the baby with the bath water.

It has been suggested that researchers rely exclusively on the structured interview (SI) to assess Type A behavior instead of using objective self-report measures, because the SI is the only prospectively validated instrument currently available. This article considers the costs and benefits of relying solely on the SI to measure Type A behavior. Although using only the SI would assure that researchers measure, in a relatively unobtrusive fashion, actual Type A behaviors known to be predictive of heart disease, it would dramatically increase research costs, impede longitudinal studies of changes in Type A behavior, reduce the validity of statistical conclusions, restrict the convergent and discriminant validity of the Type A construct, and ultimately inhibit our ability to improve accuracy in predicting heart disease. A set of recommendations is proposed for improving the quality of measurement in Type A research.

Humans↗